1、Hypertension高血壓病1 Hypertension高血壓病1 What Is Hypertension?Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).2 What Is Hypertension?HypertensDiagnosisLead toHypertension高血壓systolic blood pressure140diastolic blood pressure 90Either of themDa

2、nger Zonesystolic blood pressure120diastolic blood pressure 80Both of themNormal blood pressure正常血壓范圍A warning signIf your BP are 120/80 or higherbut below 140/90It is calledPre-hypertension高血壓前期3 DiagnosisLead toHypertension高血HypertensionEssential Hypertension 原發(fā)性高血壓（高血壓?。?095%Secondary Hypertensio

3、n繼發(fā)性高血壓 510%primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潛在的,根本的) medical cause. Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(醫(yī)療條件) or medication(藥物). Classification Of HypertensionPrimary or Essential Hypertension Benig

4、n Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/緩進性高血壓 Malignant Hypertension (Accelerated Hypertension)惡性/急進性高血壓4 HypertensionEssential HypertenChronic kidney diseaseHyperparathyroidism(happrardzm)renal artery stenosis(stnss)birth control pills,diet pills,cold medications,Migraine(magren) Medications.Preg

5、nancyDisorders of the adrenal glandSecondary Hypertension腎上腺功能紊亂慢性腎疾病甲狀旁腺功能亢進癥腎動脈狹窄避孕丸、節(jié)食丸、感冒藥、偏頭痛藥孕婦5 ChronicHyperparathyroidismrenaCauses Of HypertensionGenes（遺傳因素）Diet（膳食因素）Social And Mental Condition（社會心理應激因素）Stress（壓力）Anger（憤怒）Frightened（驚嚇）Others（其它因素）Obesity（bi:sti:肥胖癥）Smoke（吸煙）Older Age（老齡）I

6、nactivity（缺乏鍛煉）Race（種族）6 Causes Of HypertensionGenes（遺傳Who is at risk?Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:African Americans(more sensitive to salt)People over age 55 People with a family history of high blood pressure7 Who is at risk

7、?Anyone can haveWho is at risk?Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:Are overweight Eat foods high in salt Do not get regular exercise Smoke Drink alcohol heavilyUnder Stress,anger,frightened or sad in a long time8 Who is at risk?Your chances ofHypertension SymptomsHigh blood

8、pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(無癥狀殺傷者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能沒有外在癥狀長達數(shù)年).In fact, one in five people with the condition dont know they have it. Internally(nt:nl,在體內(nèi)地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untre

9、ated. Its a major risk factor for strokes(中風/腦卒中) and heart attacks(心臟病).9 Hypertension SymptomsHigh blPathological Changes(病變)Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明顯增厚10 Pathological Changes(病變)Left vPrimary granular(grnjl,顆粒狀的) atrophy(trfi:,萎縮) of the kidney（原發(fā)性顆粒性固縮腎）：with clearly r

10、ecognizable granular surface of the kidney. (腎表面出現(xiàn)清晰可辨的顆粒物)Arteriolar(:tiriul,小動脈的) nephrosclerosis(nefrsklirusis)（細動脈性腎硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(嚴重細動脈性腎硬化). Nodular(ndjul)(結(jié)節(jié)性)11 Primary granular(grnjl,顆hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage（高血壓病腦出血）：Internal capsule(內(nèi)囊) or Basal ganglia(beis

11、l li,基底神經(jīng)節(jié)) instead of blood clots(被血凝塊代替).Hypertensive retinopathy(retinpi,視網(wǎng)膜病變) （高血壓性視網(wǎng)膜病變）12 hypertensive cerebral hemorrhaComplications(并發(fā)癥)When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:Bleeding from the aorta(e:t,主動脈出血), the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdom

12、en(bdmn), pelvis(pelvs), and legs(給腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)Chronic kidney disease(慢性腎疾病)Heart attack and heart failure(心臟病和心力衰竭)Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)Stroke(中風/腦卒中)Problems with your vision(視覺障礙)13 Complications(并發(fā)癥)When blood pTreatmentThe DASH Diet - Dietary Approaches(飲食療法) to Stop Hyperten

13、sion - involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷類食物), low-fat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(堅果). You should eat less red meat(紅肉), saturated fats(飽和脂肪), and sweets(甜食). Exercise 14 TreatmentThe DASH Diet - DietMedications: Diuretics(dajuretk) (利尿藥) Beta-blockers(-阻斷劑) A

14、CE Inhibitors(nhbt(r) (血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑) ARBs (腎上腺素能受體結(jié)合劑) Calcium Channel Blockers(鈣通道阻滯劑)Complementary Therapies（erpi補充醫(yī)學療法）:Yoga（瑜伽）, tai chi（太極）, and deep breathing（深呼吸） also help. 15 Medications: Diuretics(dPreventionAdults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly.Lifestyle changes may hel