1、Lesson 6Review重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容Past tensesPast Perfect Tense: Before John came nobody had said anything. Past Perfect Continuous: They had been chatting before John came.Used to: Mary used to go shopping at weekends before she got married.Would: Mary would go shopping at weekends last year.過(guò)去完成時(shí)陳述句：S+had+過(guò)去分詞(p.

2、p.) This proposal had been delivered by Eva before Aaron finished it.否定句：S+had+not+過(guò)去分詞(p.p.)I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.疑問(wèn)句：Had+S+過(guò)去分詞(p.p.)?Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)基本句：S+had been+V-ingEli had been playing games before you got home.否定句

3、：S+had been+not+ V-ingAmy had been not working for ten years before I met her.疑問(wèn)句：Had+S+been+V-ing？Had your father been driving all day before he went to sleep?重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容Countable and uncountable nouns Countable nouns: Approximately 2000 calories per day are necessary for women to give them enough energy.

4、Uncountable nouns: Rice is the main ingredient of many traditional Asian dishes.Quantifiers： Some top chefs in the world are men. Have we got any tomatoes?名詞可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分。像表示人或事物的名詞和集體名詞等一般都是可數(shù)的。有時(shí)候, 我們也可以在該詞之前試著加一加基數(shù)詞來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷。一般能用基數(shù)詞數(shù)的名詞,通常是可數(shù)名詞,例如：a boy 一個(gè)男孩兒 three boys 三個(gè)男孩兒 some boys 一些男孩子 a desk 一張課

5、桌 40 desks 40張課桌 many desks 很多課桌 people（復(fù)）人,人們 police（總稱）警務(wù)人員 Chinese（單復(fù)同）中國(guó)人 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)別。像物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞一般都是不可數(shù)的,例如：water 水 ice 冰 tea 茶 meat 肉 milk 牛奶 age 年齡 time 時(shí)間 help 幫助 luck 運(yùn)氣 work 工作 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如： book books room rooms house houses day days 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 。如： bus

6、buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes 特例 child children man men tomato tomatoes foot feet 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，要先將y改為i再加-es。如： city cities body bodies factory factories以f 或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如： half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife wives some & anysome常用在肯定句中，意為（一些），可修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形態(tài)，例如

7、：some desks（一些桌子）也可用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如：some ink（一些墨水）any則常用在否定和疑問(wèn)句，意為（任何一些），也可用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形態(tài)或不可數(shù)名詞，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，例如：There is not any apples left.在表示建議、反問(wèn)和請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)，多用some而不用any例如：What about some orange juice?some & any當(dāng)any表示（任何）時(shí)，為強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)法，可以用于肯定句中。例如：Any student can use this map.遇到含有否定意義的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞時(shí)要用a

8、ny，而不用some，如：deny（拒絕）、prevent（防止）、unwise （不睿智的）、unaware （沒(méi)察覺(jué)到的）、hardly（幾乎不地）、seldom;（不常地）、without（沒(méi)有）、against（與對(duì)立）在表達(dá)否定的句子中，如需表達(dá)完全否定時(shí)，用any，若需表達(dá)部分否定，則用some例如：I dont need any help.Some files are not on my desk.重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容Signposting and linking Signposting: firstly, next, thenLinking words: and, but, due to,

9、 in addition tosignpostingordering main points, e.g.firstly secondly next finally lastlyordering a process or narrative, e.g.first then after that afterwardsgiving examples, e.g.for instance for examplesummarizing, e.g.in conclusion in summarylinkinglink word + noun, clause OR clause + link word + n

10、oun, e.g.in addition to in contrast to due to because of so as a result of link word, + clause, e.g.in addition moreover furthermore however in contrast thereforeas a result in other words by that I mean clause 1, link word + clause 2, e.g.and whereas although even though, yet but because asso there

11、fore link word + clause 1, + clause 2, e.g.whereas although even though because as重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容PronounPersonal pronouns: My mother phoned to say she was ill.Possessive pronouns: Your eyesight is much better than mine.This/that and these/those: The sports centre has a new climbing wall. -That sounds interesti

12、ng.Such (such + noun): Dont say such things, even in fun.Time and place: I go to the gym on Wednesdays and I meet my friend there.重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)I（我）memy（我的）minemyself（我自己）復(fù)數(shù)we（我們）usour（我們的）oursourselves（我們自己）第二人稱單數(shù)you（你）youyour（你的）yoursyourself（你自己）復(fù)數(shù)you（你們）youyour（你們的）yoursyourse

13、lves（你們自己）第三人稱單數(shù)he（他）himhis（他的）hishimself（他自己）she（她）herher（她的）hersherself（她自己）it（它）itits（它的）itsitself（它自己）復(fù)數(shù)they（他們/她們/它們）themtheir（他們的/她們的/它們的）theirsthemselves（他們/她們/它們自己）人稱代詞重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容The passiveForming the passive: Star Wars was released in 1977.Other passive constructions: Filmmaking is said to be a l

14、ucrative industry.passive及物動(dòng)詞 be+p.p.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中僅有及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)形式。其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為”be+及物動(dòng)詞（或短語(yǔ)）的過(guò)去分詞”另外，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以使用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，例如:現(xiàn)在式：My mother is not easily deceived.過(guò)去式：A new house was built in this town.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：She will be successed to win this case.一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：Somebody said that this museum would be built in 5 months.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：All the

15、injured visitors were being taken care of by the nurses.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：This subject is being discussed by all the department directors in company now.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：The laundry has been done.助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞+be+p.p.當(dāng)句中動(dòng)詞為助動(dòng)詞型態(tài)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動(dòng)詞+ be+p.p.”，例如：All the players could be found in the gym.passive雙賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)，直接主語(yǔ)變保留

16、賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，若是存在兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，而需將句中的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常是將間接賓語(yǔ)往前拉作主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)變成了保留賓語(yǔ)。如果主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)在間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to（可省去）或for（不可?。?，例如：The doctor gave me a prescription.=I was given a prescription by the doctor.=A prescription was given to me by the doctor.賓語(yǔ)十賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不變當(dāng)句型中含有“賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，

17、只需將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不變。例如：I painted all the wall purple.= All the walls are painted purple by me.Listen to a radio programme about fame and complete the text with the correct verb forms.In todays programme. Ill continue examining the impact of fame on lifestyle using the style icon Gloria Van

18、Broncken as an example. Before ing famous in the modelling industry, Gloria (1)_ in a small village and (2)_ outside tier own country. She (3)_ in a clothes store and she enjoyed all the usual activities of a teenager in her free time. She (4)_ in the clothes store for two years when a customer who

19、represented a model agency spotted her and signed her up. By the time she was 21 Gloria (5)_ round the world several times and (6)_ on the cover of many international fashion magazines. Now the impact of such drastic lifestyle changes can be very significant . fadeListen to a student conducting a su

20、rvey on eating habits and complete the notes below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.Student 1: eating habitsName: Jim Degree course: Biology Eating habits: Doesnt eat (1)_ because its too expensive. Regularly has vegetable-based (2)_ for lunch and dinner. Thinks his diet is too high in

21、 (3)_. Needs to replace with (4)_ - currently only drinks (5)_ glasses daily.Below is the audio script for the second part of the lecture. Decide on appropriate Linking words to complete the spaces. There may be more than one possibility for each gap. Then listen to Track 14 0n the CD and check your

22、 answers.So, what other initiatives could the government focus on? Well, (1)_ the success of the sports clubs, new open spaces initiatives are being discussed, (2)_ football tournaments in local play fields or athletic days in local parks. This could regenerate local areas and renew interest in acti

23、vities for young people. Staff would still be necessary, (3)_ young people could take an active role in organizing and managing competition. This could cut down staff costs significantly.(4)_ the open spaces scheme, there has been discussion of reinvigorating the scheme, which gives young people a c

24、hance to get work experience in a variety of jobs in their school holidays. (5)_, this scheme has met with harsh criticism from some politicians who think that it is a way of providing a free workforce by health. In fact, I think it is fair to say that this scheme will not see any renewed interest (

25、6)_ these criticisms.(7)_ the scheme that there has been a lot of talk about is the outward bound activities courses, or OBAC for short. This has been successful in many other countries, (8)_ Canada, Mexico and Brazil. The activity courses give young people a chance to get out into the countryside a

26、nd enjoy nature. (9)_ this, they also give teens a chance to learn life skills and experience adventure on a broader scale.Complete the spaces in the text below with the correct referencing words. Then listen and check your answers.Jeanette: Good morning everyone and e to my weekly show about fitnes

27、s. Today want to talk about ways you can improve (1)_ fitness without having to join a gym or sports centre. Now first of all, it is important to decide what you want to achieve. Many people want to improve (2)_ health in general, but other people want to focus on losing weight. I use a combination

28、of both strength building and weight Loss exercise to maintain (3)_ fitness level but I know a couple who go walking twice a week to maintain (4)_. The most important thing is to do something you Like, for example, martial arts, hiking, tennis or watersports.(5)_ are all good as cardiovascular exerc

29、ise and strength training. One excellent way is to join a local club because you will meet other people with the same interests as (6)_. It is also important to keep up motivation levels and exercising with other people can be a good way to do (7)_. And dont forget about the local park. (8)_ is a gr

30、eat place to exercise for free. Sometimes parks provide a running track or other communal facilities, all of which are free to use.Listen to the Lecture on the Australian Film Institute. Complete the sentences l-5 with no more than three words and/or a number from the recording.1. The Australian Fil

31、m Institute _ in 1958.2. The AFI is _ for its prestigious awards ceremony. 3. The awards have been raising _ of the film Industry in Australia since the 1960s.4. In 1986, _ concluded in the AFI awards.5. The _ was held at Melbournes Princess Theatre.復(fù)習(xí)課堂筆記與練習(xí)完成以下聽(tīng)力練習(xí)There are seven errors in the ans

32、wer below. Listen and correct the errors in the text.Describe a nice meal that you remember. You should say:What you ateWhere you wentWhat the occasion wasAnd say why you liked it.Last year I went to a wonderful restaurant overlooking the river in my city, Marseille, with a group of friends. The spe

33、cial occasion was my friends 21st birthday and we decided to go out for dinner. We wanted to eat a beef because this restaurant is famous for meat, but as we arrived late they didnt have many beefs left. Instead we ate bouillabaisse which is a kind of seafood stew containing a fish and shellfish. I

34、had a couple of glasses of orange juice. For dessert we each had a slice of birthday cakes which the restaurant had made especially for my friend. The cake had 21 candle and my friend blew them all out in one go so she made much wishes for the future. We had so many fun that night.Listen to the lecture and complete the gaps 1-6 in the notes using