1、2022-2022 年高中英語 學(xué)問點(diǎn)大全 96 pass 短語歸納1、pass 短語歸納pass sth.down 把某物一代一代傳下去；pass sb. sth./pass sth.to sb. 把某物遞給某人；pass the exam/ test/ law 通過考試 / 測(cè)驗(yàn) / 法律； pass sth.on 將某物傳、交給某人；pass away 逝世； pass by 路過,忽視留意： past 是介詞“ 過,經(jīng)過” 或名詞“ 過去” ；過去分詞；如：passed 是 pass 的過去式和half past six 六點(diǎn)半；in the past few years 在過去的幾年

2、里；Two weeks passed. 兩周的時(shí)間過去了；He walked past the gate. 他從大門口走過； 應(yīng)用 完成句子 去年他母親去世了；His mother _ _ last year. 這戒指是我家傳來來的；This ring_ _ _ _in my family. 那本書你看完了給我；_the book_ _me when you 那個(gè)年輕人聽到這個(gè)消息,由于震驚昏了過去；ve finished it.When the young man heard the news. He_ _with the shock. Key: passed, away has, been

3、, passed, down Pass, on, to passed, out pass to 將 遞給,傳達(dá)1 Please pass me the bread and butter. 請(qǐng)遞給我面包奶油；Pass the word to him that Napolean will e himself. 把拿破侖要親自來的 消息告知他；拓展：（ 1）vi. 走過,通過 Because of the large crowd in the street the truck was unable to pass. 由于大街上人許多,卡車無法通過；（2）n. 通行證Nobody can go int

4、o the hall without a pass. 入大廳；2、pay for/pay off pay for 付 的貨款,為 付代價(jià) pay off 全部仍清,償請(qǐng)（借款）Did you pay 300 yuan to him for that bicycle. loan from the bank. Youll have to pay for your mistakes.3、Permit a driving permit 沒有通行證,任何人不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)I have just paid off my 該詞組意為“ 駕駛執(zhí)照” , 詞組里 permit 是名詞, 意為“ 許可證” , “ 執(zhí)照”

5、；如：You wont get into the conference hall without a permit.2022-2022 年高中英語 學(xué)問點(diǎn)教案 新人教版必修 5 詞匯：Unit 1: 1. put forward: 提出（方案、建議等） ；將 提前；把鐘表撥快e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 個(gè)好的方案；2 他為這項(xiàng)工程提出了一The match has been put forward to 1:30. Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 【詞語聯(lián)想】競(jìng)賽已經(jīng)提前到一點(diǎn)半

6、舉辦；把鐘表撥快特殊鐘；. put away: 收起來；貯存,儲(chǔ)蓄. put down: 放下；寫下,登記. put off: 推遲；延期. put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戲?。〆.g. put on weight: 增加了體重put on a new play: 上演新戲劇. put up: 張貼；撐開（帳篷）e.g. put up a poster: 張貼海報(bào)put up a tent: 搭起帳篷2. conclude: v. 作結(jié)論,確定e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. conclusion: n. 結(jié)論作出結(jié)論【習(xí)慣用語】 dr

7、aw a conclusion 陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定他有罪；3. defeat vt. 打敗, 擊敗 , 戰(zhàn)勝； 使 期望 , 方案等 失敗 , 挫敗 ; 阻擋 , 使無效e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最終承認(rèn)了失??；區(qū)分 : defeat, conquer, overe . defeat 指“ 贏得勝利”, 特殊指“ 軍事上的勝利” ,e.g. defeat the enemy 打敗敵人；. conquer 指“ 戰(zhàn)勝” 、” 戰(zhàn)勝”, 特殊指“ 獲得對(duì)人、物或感情的控制” , 如 : e.g. conquer nature 戰(zhàn)勝自然；, 如: . overe指“

8、 戰(zhàn)勝” 、“ 壓倒” 、“ 克服” 尤指“ 感情” 而言e.g. overe difficulties 克服困難；4. attend: v. 1 to be present at; go to meeting, conference, lecture. 出席；參加e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他準(zhǔn)備親自赴會(huì)；2 to look after, care for, serve 照管；看護(hù)；e.g. Which doctor is attending to on you. 3）to go with 相伴 e.g. The work w

9、as attended with much difficulty. 5. expose.to. 哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你？這項(xiàng)工作帶來許多困難；e.g. Dont expose your skin to the sun for too long. 不要使你的皮膚暴露在太陽光下太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間；They had to be exposed to the enemys gunfire. 3 他們不得不冒著敵人的炮火；6. blame sb. for sth. 由于某事批判某人e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake. be to blame: 應(yīng)受批判,應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任Who is to

10、 blame for the mistake？這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰？7. in addition: 除此之外,另外 , 意思相當(dāng)于 besides, whats more e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元；In addition to English, he has to study a second language. 除了英語以外,他仍要學(xué)習(xí)其次外國(guó)語；區(qū)分 : in addition to, except, besides,beside . in addition to：除 之外,仍有 ,表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系；e.g. The pany pr

11、ovided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 這家公司為員工們供應(yīng)帶薪假期,仍有免費(fèi)午餐；. except: 除 之外,表示在整體中排除,e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外 , 全部人都收到了請(qǐng)柬 . . besides 表示“ 除了 以外, 仍有 ” , 與 in addition to 同義,e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film. We all agreed besides him.

12、 我們都同意 , 他也同意；. beside : 在 旁邊；表示方位；王先生也去了；e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁邊；同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1）He speaks French as well as English. e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English. 2 Apart from the salary, it s not a bad job.e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, its not a bad job.8. announce: 公

13、布；宣告e.g. He announced his decision. 9. absorb v. 他宣布了他的準(zhǔn)備；1 吸取 A sponge absorbs water. 海綿吸水；【習(xí)慣用語】2）專心于 be absorbed in sth: 專心的,全神貫注的The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 的閱讀一篇故事；這個(gè)小姑娘正在全神貫注10. challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn) ; 挑戰(zhàn)書 ; 邀請(qǐng)競(jìng)賽 ; 要求決斗 vt. 向. 挑戰(zhàn) , 要求 , 懷疑 ; vi. 挑戰(zhàn) , 對(duì) 證據(jù)等 表示異議4 e.g. meet the ser

14、ious challenge 面對(duì)莊重挑戰(zhàn)Unit 2: 1. consist of be made up of 由 組成 沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)）e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK. 2. 區(qū)分 : . separate . from 把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分別出來）. o 把 分開（把整體分為如干部分）e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups. The Ta

15、iwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian. 3. debate about sth. e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days. debate /argue/ quarrel 4. clarify: vt./vi. cause sth. to bee clear or easier to understand 澄清；闡明 ; 清楚；明白 e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation. Can you clarify the question.

16、 5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接【習(xí)慣用語】 link A to B 將 A 和 B 連接起來6. refer to 1 提及,指的是 e.g. When he said “ some students ” , do you think he was referring to us.2 參考；查閱；詢問 e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries. Please refer to the last page of the book

17、 for answers. 3 關(guān)系到；關(guān)乎 e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you. This rule refers to everyone. reference: n. 參考 e.g. reference books 參考書7. to ones surprise prep “ to ones + 名詞”表 “ 令某人 ”等常見的名詞有“ delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were

18、entirely unfit for sale. To Johns great relief they reached the house at last. 5 8. . found themselves united peacefully “ find + 賓語賓補(bǔ) adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語；不定式）”e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. Youll find him easy to get along with. They found themsel

19、ves trapped by the bush fire. When I woke up, I found myself in hospital. I called on him yesterday, but I found him out. 9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做 . e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill e. get + n. + to do get + n. + doing Youll get her to agree. Ill get the car going. get

20、done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生,意為“ 被 . ”e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. 10. break away from sb / sth 脫離；破除e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits. The man broke away from his guards. break down 會(huì)談 破裂,失??； 汽車等 出故障； 人的健康狀況 變得惡劣；（情感）失控 e.g. His car broke down on the way to

21、work this morning. His health broke down under the pressure of work. He broke down and wept when he heard the news. Talks between the two countries have pletely broken down. . break in . break off . break into . break out . break up 11. as well as 闖入；打岔 中斷,折斷闖入 爆發(fā) ; 發(fā)生 驅(qū)散；分散,拆散不僅 而且；既 又e.g. He is a

22、teacher as well as a writer. The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street. 12. convenience: n. 便利；便利e.g. We bought this house for its convenience. convenient: adj. 13. attraction: 1. 吸引；引力 不行數(shù) n. 6 2. 吸引人的東西；喜聞樂見的東西；杰出節(jié)目 可數(shù) n. e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力He cant

23、 resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day. A big city offers many and varied attractions. What are the principle attractions this evening. attract: v. 14. influence 1 v. 對(duì) 產(chǎn)生影響e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching. 2 可數(shù) n. 產(chǎn)生影響的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the s

24、chool. 3 不行數(shù) n. 影響 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils. Unit 3: 1. impression n. 印記；印象；感想；后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 從句；e.g. My first impression of him was favourable.他給我的第一印象不錯(cuò)；I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我覺得他們不滿于當(dāng)時(shí)的狀況；學(xué)問拓展： impress v. 給 留下深

25、刻的印象；使牢記；使感動(dòng)；常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth. 牢記；給 留下深刻的印象；使It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她記得我的名字；2. remind v. 提示；使想起；常用結(jié)構(gòu)有 : remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事；remind sb. that/wh-從句 提示某人 ；使某人想起 ；remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意識(shí)到 ；提示某人某事e.g. Im sorry, but Ive forg

26、otten your name, can you remind me. 很抱歉,我記不起你的名字,你能提示我一下嗎？You remind me of your father when you say that. 你的父親；你說這樣的話使我想起了學(xué)問拓展： reminder n.提示物；引起回憶的事物這一工作無需相3. constantly adv.始終；始終；重復(fù)不斷地e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.時(shí)尚總是日新月異；學(xué)問拓展： constant adj.連續(xù)發(fā)生的；不斷的；重復(fù)的；4. previous adj.從前的；以往的；（時(shí)間上）稍前的e.g.

27、 No previous experience is necessary for this job. 關(guān)的體會(huì)；I couldnt believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the 7 previous day. 聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí),我不敢信任；我就在前一天仍見到過他；學(xué)問拓展： previously adv. 從前的；早先e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel. 這座樓房早先曾用作旅社；5. bend v. （bent bent ）彎曲；使彎曲；彎腰；彎身；常用搭

28、配有 : bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事；bend sb.to sth. 迫使；說服 bend the truth 歪曲事實(shí)e.g. Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把鐵棒弄彎很不簡(jiǎn)潔；She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下頭吻了她的女兒；6. press v. 壓；按；推；擠；堅(jiān)持；敦促 n. 報(bào)章雜志,新聞工作者,新聞界e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手絹捂住鼻子；She pressed down hard

29、 on the gas pedal. He is still pressing her claim for pensation. 她用力踩下油門踏板；他仍堅(jiān)持索賠；The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭審謝絕新聞采訪；7. switch n. & v. 用作名詞表示“ 開關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換” ；用作動(dòng)詞表示“ 轉(zhuǎn)換” ；e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 第一個(gè)孩子產(chǎn)生后,她就由全日工作改為非全日

30、工作；Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. 按這兩個(gè)鍵就可以在屏幕上的文件之間進(jìn)行切換；I cant work next week, will you switch with me. 咱倆換個(gè)班好不好？下個(gè)周末我不能上班,8. lack n. & v. 用作名詞,表示：“ 缺乏；短缺” ；用作動(dòng)詞,表示：“ 缺乏；短缺；沒有；不足” ；e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物 / 金錢/ 技能The trip was cancelled through lack of inte

31、rest. 由于缺乏愛好這次旅行被取消了；He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心；學(xué)問拓展： lacking adj. 缺乏；沒有；匱乏；不足9. surroundings n.pl. 環(huán)境； surround v. 圍繞；圍繞 surrounding adj. 四周的；鄰近的 e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人都寵愛在高興的環(huán)境中工作；啟示同學(xué)摸索問題,哪些單詞用作名詞常常用復(fù)數(shù)形式？10. catch/gain/get sight of 發(fā)覺,看出 . lose sight of 看不見 , 遺忘

32、. lose ones sight 失明 . at first sight 一見就；乍看起來 At first sight, the problem seems easy. 8 . at the sight of 一觀看就 At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away. . be in sight 看得見,在眼前 The island is still in sight. . out of sight 看不見 Out of sight, out of mind. 11. take up to fill or use an amount of spa

33、ce or time 占用（時(shí)間）；占據(jù)（空間）to learn to or start to do sth 開頭做（某項(xiàng)工作）；開頭從事to accept sth. that is offered or available e.g. The table takes up too much room. 接受（建議或能得到的東西）這張桌子太占地兒；They have taken up golf. 他們學(xué)起打高爾夫球來了；She took up his offer of a drink. 他請(qǐng)她喝一杯,她接受了；He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要開頭履行

34、職責(zé)；12. sweep up 打掃；清掃；橫掃；涌向；快速地抱起e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. Unit 4: 他一把將孩子抱進(jìn)懷里；1. concentrate vi. 全神貫注,集中思想,多與 on 和 upon 或連用Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作；e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving. 開車時(shí)駕駛員的留意力要集中在路上；Industrial development is being concentrated in th

35、e west of the country. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的西部正集中進(jìn)展工業(yè)；2. acquire vt. 獲得, 學(xué)到,取得,擁有 acquired, acquiring e.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 她認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)而熟知英語；Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born. 抽煙喝酒往往是一種后來習(xí)得的嗜好,并不是生來就有的；3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指責(zé),指控 acc

36、used, accusing e.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他謀殺；She accused him lying. 她指責(zé)他說謊 . He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他誤遭控告犯偷盜罪 . 4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, . = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful. e.g. This is a matter of great importance. The book is of

37、great value to me. 這是一件特殊重要的事；這本書對(duì)我來說有很大價(jià)值；There is nothing interesting/of interest in todays newspaper. 9 今日?qǐng)?bào)紙上沒有什么新穎事；5. journalist n. 新聞?dòng)浾?；新聞工作者e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位特地的新聞從業(yè)人員6. delighted a. 興奮的 , 歡快的e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很興奮；【詞語聯(lián)想】delight n. 興奮 , 高興 ； vt. 使興奮 , 樂于； v

38、i. 感到興奮 或高興、歡快 e.g.Singing is her chief delight. 唱歌是她的主要愛好；【習(xí)慣用語】. take delight in 寵愛 , 以. 為樂. find del ight in 寵愛, 以. 為樂. have delight in 寵愛 , 以. 為樂. to sb.s delight 令人興奮的是 . 7. assist n. 幫忙, 幫忙； vt. 幫忙, 促進(jìn)； vi. 幫忙, 參加【習(xí)慣用語】. assist sb. with sth. 幫忙某人 做某事 . assist sb. to do sth. 幫忙某人 做某事 . assist s

39、b. in doing sth. 幫忙某人 做某事 區(qū)分 : help, aid, assist 都含 幫忙 、 救濟(jì) 的意思；. help 系常用詞 , 意義較 aid, assist 強(qiáng), 指 以積極態(tài)度賜予各方面的幫忙 , 強(qiáng)調(diào) 受助者得到幫忙或好處 , 并著重 受助者對(duì)幫忙的需要 e.g. Please help me arrange these papers. 請(qǐng)幫我整理這些文件；. aid 屬較正式用語 , 強(qiáng)調(diào) 幫忙受助者脫離困難或危險(xiǎn), 有時(shí)意味著 強(qiáng)者救濟(jì)弱者 e.g. They aided flood victims. 他們救濟(jì)遭受水災(zāi)的災(zāi)民；. assist 是正式用語

40、, 多指 在供應(yīng)幫忙時(shí) , 幫忙者起次要或起幫忙作用 e.g. She assisted him in his experiments. 她幫忙他做試驗(yàn)；8. case n. 情形,事實(shí); 難應(yīng)對(duì)的人、境況困難或可e.g. Is that the case？是這么回事嗎？【習(xí)慣用語】. a hard case 無可救藥或頑固不化的人憐的人、難辦的事 ; 難治之癥、古里古怪冒冒失失的家伙. as is often the case 這是常有的事. in any case 無論如何 , 總之. in case of 萬一 ., 假如發(fā)生 . 10 . in no case . in that ca

41、se. in this case 決不 假如這樣的話. It is not the case . This is not the case . That is not the case情形不是這樣 ; 并非事實(shí)；情形不是這樣 ; 并非事實(shí)；情形不是這樣 ; 并非事實(shí)；. just in case 以防 萬一 first aid to the injured 賜予傷員Unit 5 ：1. first aid 的意思是“ 急救” ,例如：的急救；短語聯(lián)想give/offer aid 救濟(jì) e to sbs aid 幫忙某人teaching aids 教具 medical aid 醫(yī)療搶救with

42、the aid of 借助于get injured 受傷,在現(xiàn)代英語中大量地顯現(xiàn)了由“get + 及物動(dòng)詞不達(dá)意的過去分詞” 構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài),這叫 get - 型被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又如：The puter got wasdamaged when we were moving. 壞了；我們搬家的時(shí)候,電腦碰My bike is getting is beingrepaired row. 我的自行車正在修理；2. Protect 動(dòng)詞,“ 愛惜、愛惜” ,用于句式“protect + 名詞 + against/from + 名詞” ；例如：e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to

43、protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他帶著太陽鏡以擋猛烈的陽光；【短語聯(lián)想】. Keep. from. . stop. from . . prevent.from . 不讓 / 防止 阻擋 阻礙 / 防止. disable. from. 使 失去（才能 / 資格）. save. from. 挽救、挽救3.depend on 取決于；例如：e.g. The amount you pay depends on where you live. 哪里；詞義拓展 depend on 依靠,依靠： His family depends on him. 你付

44、多少取決于你住他的一家人全靠他養(yǎng)活；依靠,信任： We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday. 我們信任你在星期五前能完成這項(xiàng)工作；4. squeeze 動(dòng)詞,意思是“ 榨取” 、“ 擠出” ,例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子11 常用句式 squeeze + 名詞 + outof/from + 名詞,例如：e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him. 那些勒索者預(yù)備向他榨取更多的錢；over and over again 一再地；

45、例如：I ve to ld you over and over again not to do that. 我一再警告你不要那樣做；5. hurt 既可作及物動(dòng)詞,作“ 損害” 、“ 使受傷” 解,也可作不及物動(dòng)詞,作“ 疼痛” 、“ 感到疼痛” 解；既可表達(dá)身體的受傷,也可以表達(dá)情感的損害；例如：e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself. 小男孩從梯子上摔了下來 受了傷；The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司機(jī)在事故中受了傷；6. unless 除非 ；假如不 ；如：

46、7. icy adj. 冰涼的-y 是個(gè)形容詞后綴；如：windy 有風(fēng)的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的greeny 略呈綠色 spicy 辛辣的 woody 樹木茂密的thirsty 饑渴的 dirty 臟的 snowy 下雪的8. in place 放在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?；如：e.g. The librarian put the returned books in place. 圖書放到原處；圖書治理員把仍回的Yond better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. 你最好

47、把你的東西各就各位,不然很難找；9. sense n. 感覺. sense of touch 觸覺 sense of sight 視覺. sense of hearing 聽覺 sense of smell 嗅覺. sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感. sense of hunger 饑餓感 the sixth sense 第六感10. variety n. 多樣, 種類, 【習(xí)慣用語】a variety of各種各樣 【詞語聯(lián)想】various a. 不同的 , 各種的 , 多方面的 , 許多的 e.g. Everyone arrived late

48、at the party for various reasons. 由于種種緣由 , 每個(gè)人赴會(huì)都遲到了；12 語法：一、過去分詞 過去分詞兼有動(dòng)詞、 副詞和形容詞的特點(diǎn), 可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾； 過去分詞和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成過去分詞短語；它在句中可以作定語、 表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語；這節(jié)課講解作定語、表語的用法；1. 作定語 作定語的過去分詞假如是單詞, 一般放在被修飾詞的前面； 過去分詞短語作定語,一般放在被修飾詞的后面；例如：There are many fallen leaves on the ground. This is a book written by a worker. 2

49、. 作表語 過去分詞作表語 , 多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)；I was pleased at the news. The door remained locked. 過去分詞作表語,相當(dāng)于形容詞,常見的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等；過去分詞作表語時(shí), 應(yīng)留意與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分； 系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀態(tài)或具有 的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)；被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)作；The small village is surrounded by tre

50、es.（狀態(tài)）The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.（動(dòng)作）Im interested in chess.（狀態(tài)）3. 過去分詞做狀語 表時(shí)間, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句, 有時(shí)過去分詞前可加連詞 when 或 while 來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念；Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看,這個(gè)城市就像一個(gè)大花園；Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the

51、cause of the Party. 入黨以后,他準(zhǔn)備獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè)；表緣由,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)緣由狀語從句；Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once. 由于太累了,孩子們馬上就睡著了；Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了講演的鼓勵(lì),年輕人準(zhǔn)備起來從事斗爭(zhēng)；表?xiàng)l件,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句,有時(shí)過去分詞前可用 if 等詞；Heated, water changes into steam. 假如加熱的話,水會(huì)變成水

52、蒸氣；Given another chance, he will do better. 13 再給他一次機(jī)會(huì),他會(huì)做得更好；表讓步,相當(dāng)于一個(gè) though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑,他仍是連續(xù)他的爭(zhēng)論；表相伴,說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情形；Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom. 被同學(xué)包圍著,那位老老師走進(jìn)了教室；The trainer appeared,

53、followed by five little dogs. 教練顯現(xiàn)了,身后跟著五條狗；倒裝句：一、 here, there, now, then, thus 等副詞置于句首 , 謂語動(dòng)詞常用 be, e, go, lie, run；There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了；Then came the chairman. 主席來了；Here is your letter. 你的信；二、否定詞置于句首,句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行倒裝； nor, neither 放句首 Tod cant swim, neither can I. 托德不會(huì)游泳,我也不會(huì)；用于 never, hardly, seldom,

54、 scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等詞開頭的句子；Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了；Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是誰；Seldom was he late for class.他很少上學(xué)遲到；和 not until. 的句 用于 no sooner . than ., hardly. when. 型中 Hardly had I reached the station

55、when the train left. 就離開了；No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 我剛到車站 , 火車 她剛離開 , 電話就響了；Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師來,他才完成作業(yè)；三、用于 only 放句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子；Only in this way can you master English well. 英語；只有這種方法,你才能學(xué)好Only that time did he do his homework. 直到

56、哪個(gè)時(shí)間,他才做作業(yè)；Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in. 直到他告知我,我才意識(shí)到我有了什么樣的麻煩；省略句：14 一、省略的目的 省略多見于非正式文體, 特殊在對(duì)話中, 省略是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象； 英語中的省略一般說來有三個(gè)目的：1防止重復(fù),削減累贅 省略的主要目的是防止重復(fù),去掉不必要的累贅和繁瑣；Mike said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he didnt e to school to see me the next day. M

57、ike said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he didnt. 邁克說他其次天要來學(xué)?？次?但是他并沒有來；（省掉最終九個(gè)詞,句子簡(jiǎn)潔了許多）2連接緊密,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊 省略也是使上下文緊密連接的一種修辭手段；John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in xx. 約翰是 1994 年的獲勝者,鮑勃是 xx 年的獲勝者；（Bob 后省略了 was the winner 3強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn),突出信息,句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得比較緊湊）省略的另一作用是突出新的信息 Truth speaks too low, hy

58、pocrisy too loud. 真理講話聲太低,虛偽講話聲太高；（后一分句省略謂語 speaks ,突出了 too loud）二、句子成分的省略為了防止重復(fù), 或者為了使某一內(nèi)容引人注目, 可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變；1省略主語Beg your pardon. 請(qǐng)你原諒；（= I beg your pardon.）Serves you right. 你活該（= It serves you right.）2省略謂語Anything the matter. 要緊嗎？（= Is anything the matter.）The river was deep and the ice t

59、hin. 河很深,冰很??；（= The river was deep and the ice was thin.）3省略表語 Are you ready. Yes,I am. 你預(yù)備好了嗎？我預(yù)備好了；（am 后面省略了表語 ready ）4省略賓語 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我們必需分析問題并解決問題；15 analyze 后省略了賓語 problems Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and youll dry. 我們洗碗吧,我來洗,你來揩干；（wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語 dishes ）5省略定語 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分錢,其余的都存了起來；（the rest 后面省略了定語 of the money）6省略狀語（Even）The wisest man cannot know everything. 即使最聰慧的人也不行能無所不知；省略在句子中的應(yīng)用 在一個(gè)句子中, 省略