1、倒裝句Inversion英語句子的語序自然語序：倒裝結構:主語在前，謂語動詞在后謂語動詞在前，主語在后完全倒裝：部分倒裝：全部謂語 放在主語之前只把 助動詞 或 情態(tài)動詞或 be動詞 放在主語之前The sun rises.He becomes an engineer.He collects stamps.She sent me a Christmas card.We call the baby Tom. （作用或目的：語法結構的需要或為了強調(diào)）一. 完全倒裝概述：結構：完全倒裝的情況：1）在 there be 結構中 (be可以換成表示存在的動詞 live, stand, lie, come

2、, exist 等)1. There stand a lot of tall trees in our school. 2. Long long ago , there lived a king. 全部謂語 放在主語之前提前成分+謂語動詞+主語2）狀語 Here,There 位于句首，并且主語為名詞時1. There goes the bell. 2. Here 公交車來了。 注意：當主語是人稱代詞（he，she，it，they）時，不倒裝1. Look! Here they come. 看！他們來了。2. There . 它在那里。comes the bus. it is3）表示位置轉移的副

3、詞如：Up, Down; In, Out; Away, Off, Ahead 或表示時間 Now，Then 位于句首，并且主語為名詞時1. Up went the rocket. 火箭上升。2. The driver couldnt control his car and down came the car. 3. Out . 跑出來兩個小男孩。4. Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。注意：當主語是人稱代詞（he，she，it，they）時，不倒裝1. Away 他們走了。2. Out . 他們跑出來了。 ran two little boysthey went.they

4、 ran4) 表示地點的介詞短語位于句首，且主語為名詞時3. 教室外站著一位老人。 4. 墻上掛著一副大的中國地圖。 1. East of the town lies a beautiful lake.2. They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.注意：當主語是人稱代詞（he，she，it，they）時，不倒裝 In the sofa Outside the classroom On the wall stood an old man.hangs a large map of China. 她坐在沙發(fā)里。sat.sh

5、e 5) 分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞-ing，過去分詞 done）結構位于句首，且主語為名詞時1. Seated on the grass are a group of students. 2. Lying on the floor are books and magazines. 6) 用于表示祝愿的句型里 Long live the Chinese people. 中國人民萬歲。 May you succeed. 祝你成功。關于完全倒裝的總結：1. 只有在以上6類詞提前，且主語為名詞時用完全倒裝（注意兩個條件要同時滿足）2. 記住完全倒裝的結構：（沒有這6類提前詞，或者主語是人稱代詞時均不倒裝）提前成

6、分 + 謂語動詞+主語（主語為名詞）1）在 there be 結構中2）狀語 Here,There 位于句首3）表示位置轉移的副詞如：Up, Down; In, Out; Away, Off, Ahead 或表示時間 Now，Then 位于句首4) 表示地點的介詞短語位于句首5) 分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞-ing，過去分詞 done）結構位于句首6) 用于表示祝愿的句型里練一練1. “Where is your father ?” “Oh , ”.A. here comes he Bhere does he come C. he here comes Dhere he comes 2. _ and ca

7、ught the mouse .A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 3Now _ your turn to recite the text .Athere is Bhas come Ccomes Dwill come練一練1On the wall _two large portraits .Ahangs Bhang Changed Dare hanging 2. West of the Missouri River _, an area that receives

8、 little rain.A. are there vast lands B. vast lands there areC. vast lands are D. are vast lands 二. 部分倒裝概述：結構：只把 或 或 放在主語之前提前成分+ 助動詞情態(tài)動詞be動詞助動詞be動詞情態(tài)動詞+主語+（主要動詞）相當于一般疑問句提前成分 + 一般疑問句部分倒裝的情況：1）Only+狀語（介詞短語/副詞/連詞+句子）位于句首時1. Only yesterday/then did he find out that his watch was missing.2. Only by workin

9、g hard can you succeed.3. Only when he told me about the news did I know the truth.Only+狀語(副詞)（一般疑問句）Only+狀語+部分倒裝（一般疑問句） (介詞短語)Only+狀語+部分倒裝（一般疑問句） (連詞+句子)+部分倒裝 注意：Only+主語位于句首時不引起倒裝Only Tom received the invitation. 1. Only when _in the afternoon _able to leave. Athe match was over; they were Bwas the

10、 match over; were they Cwas the match over; they were Dthe match was over; were they 2Only after his death considered correct .Awas his theory Bhis theory was Cdid his theory Dhad his theory 2) 含有否定意義的副詞，短語或連詞位于句首時副詞： No , Not , Never, Hardly(幾乎不), Seldom(很少), Rarely(很少), Barely(很少)，Little, Few, Nei

11、ther， Nor, Nowhere (沒地方) . .短語：At no time (決不), By no means (決不)，In no case (決不)，In no way(決不)，Under/In no cicumstances (決不), On no account/condition(決不)，Never before, No longer, In no time (立刻，馬上), Not a (single)+名 詞（一個也沒有）. .連詞：Not only.but also, Not until, No soonerthan; (一.就)；Hardly/scarcely whe

12、n (一.就) 1. Seldom do I go to the cinema. 副詞： No , Not , Never, Hardly(幾乎不), Seldom(很少), Rarely(很少), Barely(很少)，Little, Few, Neither， Nor, Nowhere (沒地方) . .位于句首時 his own safety. the pleasant trip.3. 我永遠都不會忘記這次愉快的旅途。Neverwill I2. Nowhere could I find my book.4. 他很少關心（care about）他自己的安全。Littledid he car

13、e aboutforget 短語：At no time (決不), By no means (決不)，In no case (決不)，In no way(決不)，Under/In no cicumstances (決不), On no account/condition(決不)，Never before, No longer, In no time (立刻，馬上), Not a (single)+名 詞（一個也沒有）. . 位于句首時1. By no means should we look down upon the disabled.3. 我從未去過美國。 to America. Neve

14、r beforehave I been 4. 他不再負責(be in charge of)這項工作了。No longerwas he in charge of this work. 2. Not a single word did he speak at the meeting.連詞：Not only.but also, Not until, No soonerthan; (一.就)；Hardly/scarcely when (一.就) 1) Not only+部分倒裝，but (also) +主+謂（不倒裝）1. Not only was the city polluted but the

15、streets were crowded.2. 他不但會開車而且會騎馬。Not onlycould he drivebut alsohe could ride a horse. 3. 他不但表揚(praise)了學生，而且給了他們很多酬勞（a big reward)。Not onlydid he praisethe studentsbut alsohe gave them a big reward. 2) Not until +時間狀語（副詞/句子（不倒裝）+部分倒裝1. Not until yesterday did I receive the letter. Not until + 時間狀

16、語（副詞）+部分倒裝2. Not until his mother came back did he begin to do his homework. Not until + 時間狀語（句子不倒裝）+部分倒裝3) No sooner + had sb done +than + sb did 一.就. Hardly/ Scarcely + had sb done + when + sb did1. No sooner had he got to school than he set out to copy others homework.2. 他一到家，天就開始下雨了。Hardly No so

17、oner had he got home than it began to rain. had he got homewhen it began to rain.3) So.that ; Such. that，So和Such 位于句首So+adj./adv.+部分倒裝(一般疑問語序)+that + 主+ 謂Such+ n.+部分倒裝(一般疑問語序)+that + 主+ 謂1. 這個記號(mark)如此小以致于我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?So)2. 他是如此著名的一個人以至于每個人都想和他拍照。(Such)So that small was the markI could hardly see it.Su

18、ch that a well-known manis he everyone wants to take a photo with him.注：such和be連用作表語時，也常用倒裝語序，如： Such was the result. 結果就是這樣的。 Such was the story he told. 這就是他講的故事。4) So作替代詞表示與上文提到的情況一樣。 So+部分倒裝：.也一樣 1. Her son has gone to Britain. 2. John bought an apartment. 此時否定為 Neither/Nor+部分倒裝：.也一樣不 I have no

19、money on me. So has my son. So did Mary. Neither/ Nor have I. 注意1：當前面的句子中主語支配兩個不同種類的謂語動詞或當前面的句子有兩個謂語動詞，分別為肯定形式和否定形式時，如果要表達“也一樣”，則用It is / was the same with 或So it is / was with1. - Li Ping is a student and studies very hard - So it is with Bob 2. - I like potato, but I dont like tomato - So it is wi

20、th my sister注意2： 表示對別人所說的情況加以肯定,其主語與上文主語相同時, 這種結構的主謂不倒裝。So+主+謂：.的確如此- Your father smoked a lot. - So he did. （他確實吸煙很厲害）5)在以often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every other day, every two hours等頻率副詞以及well, thus 等作狀語位于句首時,用部分倒裝. 2. Thus was it stolen.1. Many a time has he given me good advi

21、ce.6) If 引導的虛擬條件句, 可省略if, 把 should, had 或 were 放在主語前.Should it rain, the crops would grow better.1. If it should rain, the crops would grow better.Were I your father, I would not give you the money.2. If I were your father, I would not give you the money. 3. If it had not been for the captain, the s

22、hip would have sunk. 要不是船長，這艘船早就沉了。 Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.關于部分倒裝的總結：1. 在以上6類詞提前情況下時，用部分倒裝裝（對主語沒要求，不同于完全倒裝）2. 記住部分倒裝的結構：提前成分+ 助動詞be動詞情態(tài)動詞+主語+（主要動詞）提前成分 + 一般疑問句提前成分 + 部分倒裝（一般疑問句） 1）Only+狀語（介詞短語/副詞/連詞+句子）+部分倒裝 注：Only+主語 不倒裝2) 否定意義的詞+ 部分倒裝 Not only+部分倒裝，but (also) +主+

23、謂（不倒裝） Not until +時間狀語（副詞/句子（不倒裝）+部分倒 No sooner + had sb done +than + sb did Hardly/ Scarcely + had sb done + when + sb did3) So+adj./adv.+部分倒裝(一般疑問語序)+that + 主+ 謂 Such+ n.+部分倒裝(一般疑問語序)+that + 主+ 謂4) So + 部分倒裝：.也一樣 ; 否：Neither/Nor+部分倒裝 注：So +不倒裝：“的確這樣 It is / was the same with 或 So it is / was with5

24、)頻率詞 + 部分倒裝6) If 引導的虛擬條件句, 可省略if, 把 should, had 或 were 放在主語前.2Little that she was seriously ill herself .ASusan knew Bdid Susan know Cknew Susan Dwas Susan known3Hardly the railway station when the train started .Adid I reach Bhad I reached CI reached DI had reached 1. -Do you know Jim quarreled wit

25、h his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also4. At no time _was happening. A. the President was aware of what B. was the President aware of what C. the President was aware that D. was the President aware that 5. _ snacks and drinks, bu

26、t they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring6. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.A. I did find B. did I find C. I

27、have found D. have I found 7._ the naughty boys realized it was too late to take a bus to go home.A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grow dark thatC. Scarcely had it grown dark than D. It was not until dark that8. What would have happened_, as far as the river bank(河岸) ?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther9. -Its burning hot today, isnt it? -Yes. _yesterday.A. So was it B. So