1、.新視野視聽說 （第二版）3Unit1BD整理文本. aInthepastChinahasbeenwiththesameIaa整理文本.IaaIaaTheysimplyexertalotofontobeasIAndasasomeItobecantaIaaI整理文本.aahadaitbacktoaaaaaaa整理文本.aaaaaaa整理文本.CIaaaIaaIa整理文本.wethatjustthe18-to/a整理文本.Unit 1 testIUint2Our globe is in danger!I.Lead inTask 1:sandstorm ; air pollution ; defor

2、estationwater pollution ; melting polar ice cap ; light pollutiondrought ; desertification ; litteringII. Basic Listening Practice整理文本.Keys: 1.B 2.D 3. A 4.A 5.CIII. Listening InTask 1:We should have proper respect for nature!Script:Martha:Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?Ed:I

3、 think so. Um. more now than before.Martha:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemintheworld today?Ed:Today.Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem,andanotherproblem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems?Ed: Um. through scho

4、ol. A lot of clubs promote environmental safety,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafetyandstufflike that.Martha:Doyouthink studentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool?Ed: I think so.So,as theygrowolder, theycan be more aware of problems that are going on, and also to prevent mo

5、re problems fromoccurring.Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwouldit be?Ed:Anewlawfortheenvironment?Um.Idprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseitsjustlitteringandIhatethat. So they should be fin

6、ed if they throw them on the floor or on theground.Martha:Thatsagoodidea.Whatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironment?Ed: Im so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter,I get really angry. So I always throw my trash into the garbage bin.Keys:(1)nature(2)environmental problem(3

7、)pollution(4)promote(5)aware of(6)from occurring(7)law(8)throw away(9)fined(10)trashTask 2:River pollutionScript:整理文本.If you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water isdiscolored and smelly,you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possiblecauses for it.First,

8、fertilizer.Iflargeamountsoffertilizerorfarmwastedrainintoariver,theconcentrationsofnitrateandphosphateinthewaterincreaseconsiderably.Algae use these substances to grow rapidly, turning thewater green.Thismassivegrowthofalgaeleadstopollution.Whenthealgaedie,theyare broken down by the action of the ba

9、cteria, which quickly multiply,using up all the oxygen in the water and therefore causing the death offish.Second, industrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical wasteinto rivers. Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper,and mercury. These substances may enter the water in

10、 such highconcentrations that fish and other animals are killed immediately.Sometimes the pollutants enter the food chain and accumulate until theyreach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals.Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms arainbow-colored film ove

11、r the entire surface, preventing oxygen fromentering the water.Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes,sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers.A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygenand upsets the balance of lif

12、e in the water.Keys:1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.DTask3: Curbing carbon emissionsScript:Althoughitisnotaneasytask,Chinaisstrivingtofulfillthepromiseto cut its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percentin the next 10 years.ZhangGuobao,DirectoroftheNationalEnergyAdministration,said,Thegovernmen

13、tputsgreatemphasisonseekingharmoniousdevelopmentbetweencities and the environment, and is readjusting the energy structure bygiving priority to the development of clean and low-carbon energies,including hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, and solar power.Governmentauthoritieshaveclosedsmall,coal-firedplan

14、tswithatotalcapacity of 60.06 million kilowatts in the past four years. This yearstarget of closing 10 million kilowatts of capacity will be achieved byAugust.We have promised to the international community that 15 percent of ourpower will be generated from nonfossil sources by 2020, Director Zhangs

15、aid. At present, non-fossil energy accounts for only 7.8 percent.Chinaismakingeffortstoincreasetheproportionofcleanenergyinits整理文本.total energy consumption. Statistics show that China invested US$34.6billion in clean energy last year, exceeding the United States whichinvested US$18.6 billion. Thus,

16、China has become the world leader ingeneratingcleanenergy.Fiveyearsearlier,Chinasinvestmentincleanenergy was only US$2.5 billion.However, Chinas carbon emission reduction target cannot be achievedeasily.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomymightbemetatacosttosociety.For instance, more than 400,000 people wer

17、e laid off as a result of theshutdown of small coal-fired power plants in the past four years. Manystudies indicate that the effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions maydelay Chinas development, affect peoples income, and lead tounemployment.Keys:1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.CIV. Speaking OutMODEL1MODEL2MODEL3V

18、. Let?s TalkTask 1:Disappointment over climate negotiationsKeys:1) doesnt really actually commit anyone to doing anything,2)theatmospheresimplecanttakethekindofemissionswevebeenseeinginthebusiness-as-usualscenarioandtheresnorealcommitmenttochangethat.3) Theres no real commitment to put serious money

19、 on the table4) Its not backed by action,5) It does not constitute a. a deal.6) Its a hollow shell7) it lacks anything on emissions cuts8)Theresnoguaranteethattherewillbenewmoney,thatthemoneywillbereal,thattheresactuallyacommitmenttogetthere,orthatitwillbe channeled in new ways,Task 2:Whats your ans

20、wer? Two speakers hold a negative attitude towardthe world climate conference.Task 3:Lets group work!Developed countries should bear more responsibilities.First,theycausedmostoftheworldpollutionintheirindustrializationprocess.Second, they are already economically advanced, with more funds to dealwit

21、h pollution problems.Ontheotherhand,developingcountriescausedlesspollutioninthepast,and now they need rapid development.Therefore, an international agreement the Kyoto Protocol in 1997stipulatedcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesfordevelopedand整理文本.developing nations, which means that both shoul

22、d be responsible forenvironmentalprotectionandcutcarbondioxideemissions,buttheformermust take more responsibility.Recently, however, some wealthy countries have insisted that developingcountries like China should shoulder more responsibilities.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingListening Task:Task1:

23、The environment and the developmentScript:Li:Hi, Professor Wang.Im Li Lin, a correspondent for the university newspaper.The staff and students here are getting more and more interested in therelationship between the environment and economic development.What do you think is the most serious environme

24、ntal problem at present?Whatmeasuresshould weadopttoimprovetheenvironmentanddeveloptheeconomy at the same time?Wang: There are many environmental problems: air pollution, waterpollution,desertification,overfishing,destructionofnaturalhabitats,acidrain,overconsumptionofwildanimalsandplants,etc.Butlyi

25、ngatthecenterofallthoseproblems,asIseeit,isthecontradictionbetweeneconomic growth and the environment.Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992, growing number of peopleand governments have adopted the new idea of sustainable development.Thismeanstodayseconomicgrowthshouldnotwipeouttheresourcesa

26、ndoptions for future generations. Planning and development should ensurenot only economic growth, but also social advancement and environmentalhealth. In other words, some economic behavior must be restricted orcontrolled. Instilling principles of sustainable development intogovernmentplanning,resou

27、rcemanagementandeconomicpolicyisthemostimportant step China can take to solve its environmental problems.China has already taken some remarkable steps to reduce damage to theenvironment. For instance, following the huge floods of 1998, thegovernment banned logging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze

28、 River inorder to protect forests and reduce the risk of floods.Still, the basic contradiction between the environment and developmentpersists.Muchworkistobedonebeforewecanachievetheaimofabalancebetween economic growth and the environment.Keys:(1)water pollution(2)overconsumption(3)economic growth(4

29、)resources(5)social advancement(6)restricted整理文本.(7)government planning(8)economic policy(9)remarkable steps(10)balanceTask 2: Thick cloud of pollution covering southern AsiaScriptAUnitedNationsstudysaysathickcloudofpollutioncoveringsouthernAsia threatens the lives of millions of people. Scientists

30、say thepollution could increase lung disease and cause early death. The cloudis also damaging agriculture and affecting rainfall levels. It hasaffected many countries in southern Asia. The pollution cloud is threekilometers high. Scientists say it can move halfway around the world ina week.Thecloudi

31、stheresultofforestfires,theburningofagriculturalwaste,and huge increases in the burning of fuels by vehicles, industries, andpower stations.Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves has made the problemworse.Many poor people burn fuels like wood and animal waste in such stoves.Scientistssaythecl

32、oudofpollutionappearstocoolthelandandoceansby blocking sunlight.They say it reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the Earths surfaceby as much as 15 percent.At the same time, heat inside the cloud warms the lower parts of theatmosphere.Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall.This

33、 acid rain damages crops and trees and threatens public health.Scientistsareconcernedthatthepollutionwillintensifyduringthenext30yearsasthepopulationofAsiaincreasestoanestimated5,000millionpeople.Keys:1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.CTask3: Mountain regions face a number of dangersScriptMountain people around the

34、 world are in great danger of the negativeeffects of the worsening environment, according to a UN report.As global warming and deforestation accelerate and technology makeswilderplacesmoreaccessible,environmentalandsocialpressuresontheworlds remotest regions increase.The UN has found that many mount

35、ainous inhabited by one out offiveoftheworldspeoplearebarelyrecognizablewhentheyarecomparedto what they were like 60 years ago.This is mostly because forests were cut to make way for cattle grazingand agriculture.The authors of the UN study expect 98 percent of the mountain areas to整理文本.experience s

36、evere climate change by 2055.Biological losses are expected to be heavy.The mountains of Europe, parts of California and the northwest Andes inSouth America are among the most threatened mountain areas in the worldand should be given priority in conservation.TheUNisanxioustoraiseawarenessoftheproble

37、msfacingmountainareasbecause they are inhabited by some of the most vulnerable people.Thesepeoplecouldlosetheircultureandtheirlivelihoodwitheventhesmallest shifts in climate.At the same time, many mountain regions are losing people. Thousands ofvillages in Europe are deserted most of the year.In oth

38、er areas like Nepal, people are drifting to the cities in searchof work.Keys:(1)negative(2)report(3)warming(4)pressures(5)mountainous(6)barely(7)make way for(8)expect 98 percent of the mountain areas to experience severe climatechange by 2055(9)The UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problems fa

39、cing mountainareas(10)Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the yearViewing and speaking:Task 1:Santas home town in dangerScriptWeather experts may have found a new problem caused by global warming,onewhichmanypeoplewillpayattentionto:TherearesignsthatSantashome in the North may be in

40、 trouble because of warmer temperatures.TheFinnishtownofRovaniemiontheArcticCircle,whichmanyEuropeanssay is the home of Santa Claus, has had its warmest winter in 40 years.Asaresult,therehasbeenmuchlesssnowthanusualmeaningnosnowmen,no snowballs, and possibly not enough snow for Santa to ride his sle

41、ighon.Moreimportantforlocalresidents,itmaymeanfewertourists,aswell.Santaswintryhometownnormallyattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyear,and millions of dollars.AnnePelttari-Bergman,thetownstouristdirector,worriesthatthetowncould be in trouble if snow levels do not return to normal.Sheexplains:Snowisreall

42、yimportantforus,ofcourse,forSantaClaus,forChristmastourism,andalsoforourwintertourismbecausewinteris整理文本.our best season. It is really important for us.Weather experts and town residents are hoping this warm winter is anone-timething.FewpeoplecanimagineaholidaywhenevenSantadoesnothave a white Christ

43、mas.Keys:(1)signs(2)warmer temperatures(3)warmest(4)snow(5)attracts(6)trouble(7)normal(8)season(9)one-time(10)whiteTask 2:Talk after viewingScriptTheimageofSantaClausflyinginasleighpulledbyreindeerandleavingtoys and gifts for every child is known worldwide, and Santa Claus hasbecome the most beloved

44、 of Christmas symbols.ButiftheweatheratSantashometownweretobecomesowarmthattherewas no more snow at Christmas, Santa Claus would lose his charm.SosnowisreallyimportantforSantaClaus,forhishometownsChristmastourism, and its winter tourism as winter is the best season in Santashome town.Unit 2 testPart

45、 IKeys: 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.DPart II(1)chemicals(2)atmosphere(3)particles(4)trapped(5)lasts(6)human-based(7)progressed(8)Even in Ancient Rome people complained about smoke put into theatmosphere(9)Air pollution can have serious consequences for the health of humanbeings(10)Cities with large numbers of

46、 automobiles or those that use greatquantities of coal often suffer most severely from air pollutionproblems整理文本.Part III1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.BPart IV1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.CUint 3Culture makes me what I amTask 1:On the first dayCollectivism Individualism Individualism CollectivismII. B

47、asic Listening PracticeKeys: 1.c 2.A 3. D 4.B 5.AIII. Listening InTask 1:Competition in AmericaKeys:1.C 2.A 3. C 4.B 5.DTask 2:How to select elective courses?Keys:(1)roots(2)what(3)moral(4)diligence(5)sin(6)teachings(7)centuries(8)If its worth doing at all, its worth doing well(9)In English a new wo

48、rd has been created to describe people who workcompulsively(10)Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausethey are extremely productiveTask3: Cross-cultural tips on doing businessKeys:1.D 2.A 3. D 4.A 5.CIV. Speaking OutMODEL1MODEL2MODEL3V. Let?s Talk整理文本.Task 1:International Slavery

49、 MuseumKeys:1.(1)transatlantic slave trade(2)unknown lands(3)dignity or payment2.(1)rich(2)cotton and sugar3.(1)all over the world(2)family history(3)changed4.200th anniversary5.(1)banned(2)taking part in(3)slavery(4)freedTask 2:Whats your answer?VI. Further Listening and SpeakingListening Task:Task

50、1: Problems with our educational systemScript:ToAmericans,punctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeoplestime.Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for anapology and maybe an explanation.People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of thedelay.Of course,

51、 the less formal the situation, the less important it is to beexactly on time.At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as30 minutes past the appointed time.Buttheyusuallydonttrythatatwork.Americanlifestylesshowhowmuchpeople respect the time of others.Whenpeopleplananevent,

52、theyoftensetthetimedaysorweeksinadvance.Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to change it.Ifpeoplewanttocometoyourhouseforafriendlyvisit,theywillusuallycall first to make sure it is convenient.Only very close friends will just drop in unannounced.Also, people hesitate to call others

53、late at night for fear they might整理文本.already be in bed.The time may vary,butmostpeoplethink twice about calling p.m.To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in some Easterncultures value relationships more than schedules.In these societies, people dont try to control time, but to expe

54、rienceit.Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time as a cycle.The rhythm of the passing of seasons to the monthly cycleof the moonshapes their view of events.Iftheyhavewastedsometimeorletanopportunitypassby,theyarenotvery worried, knowing that more time and opportunities will come in thenext cyc

55、le.But Americans often want to jump at the first opportunity.They are unwilling to stand by idly and give up the opportunity.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFranklinexpressedthatviewoftimelikethis: Do you love life? Then do not waste time, for that is the stufflife is made of.Keys:1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.DTas

56、k 2: Our personal spaceScriptOurpersonalspace,thatpieceoftheuniverseweoccupyandcallourown,is contained within an invisible boundary surrounding our body. As theownersofthisarea,weusuallydecidewhomayenterandwhomaynot.Whenourspaceisinvaded,wereactinavarietyofways.Webackupandretreat,standourgroundasour

57、handsbecomemoistfromnervousness,orsometimesevenreactviolently.Ourresponseshowsnotonlyouruniquepersonality,but also our cultural background.For example, cultures that stress individualism such as England, theUnited States, Germany, and Australia, generally demand more space thancollective cultures do

58、, and tend to become aggressive when their spaceis invaded. This idea of space is quite different from the one found inthe Mexican and Arab cultures. In Mexico, the physical distance betweenpeople when engaged in conversation is closer than what is usual northoftheborder.AndforMiddleEasterners,typic

59、alArabconversationsareat close range. Closeness cannot be avoided.As is the case with most of our behavior, our use of space is directlylinked to the value system of our culture. In some Asian cultures, forexample,employeesdonotstandneartheirbosses;theextendeddistancedemonstrates respect. Extra inte

60、rpersonal distance is also part of thecultural experience of the people of Scotland and Sweden, for whom itreflects privacy. And in Germany, private space is sacred.Keys:1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.BTask3:We dont know what to do with them.整理文本.ScriptARussian,aCuban,anAmericanbusinessman,andanAmericanlawyerwer