住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theideathatboysandgirlshavedifferentlearningstylesseemstobelosingground，buttherearestillmany（）supportersofsingle-sexeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compulsory

B.pervasive

C.critical

D.passionate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制的”，B選項(xiàng)pervasive“遍布的，普遍的”，C選項(xiàng)critical“批判性的，關(guān)鍵的”，D選項(xiàng)passionate“狂熱的，熱情的”，句意：認(rèn)為男孩和女孩有不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式的觀點(diǎn)似乎正在失勢(shì)，但仍有許多普遍支持男女分校教育的人。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot（）theirprospectofpromotion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spur“鞭策，刺激”；B選項(xiàng)further“促進(jìn)，助長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)induce“誘導(dǎo)”；D選項(xiàng)reinforce“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”。根據(jù)句意：追求享樂對(duì)于雇員而言肯定不能促進(jìn)他們晉升。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman,he（）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)presided“主持”；B選項(xiàng)administered“管理”；C選項(xiàng)mastered“支配”；D選項(xiàng)executed“實(shí)行”。句意：雖然這是他第一次當(dāng)主席，但他還是嫻熟地主持了這次會(huì)議。本句表示主持會(huì)議，只有presided才能與over搭配。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心靈的窗戶”是有爭(zhēng)議的;它們?cè)谌穗H交往中非常重要，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“在表達(dá)感情和交換思想方面是極為重要的”，B選項(xiàng)“可以看到一個(gè)人內(nèi)心世界的東西”，C選項(xiàng)“在使談話變得有趣方面具有相當(dāng)重要的意義”，D選項(xiàng)“它的價(jià)值在很大程度上是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)論的問題”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一張有眼睛的真實(shí)的人臉可能不會(huì)讓人發(fā)笑，而只看到一只眼睛的側(cè)面也不會(huì)讓人發(fā)笑。A選項(xiàng)“正面被完全感知”，B選項(xiàng)“臉上戴著面具”，C選項(xiàng)“從側(cè)面看臉”，D選項(xiàng)“臉部沒有任何遮蓋物”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果對(duì)方?jīng)]看，說話者就會(huì)認(rèn)為對(duì)方不感興趣，就會(huì)停下來(lái)等對(duì)方繼續(xù)看他，或者終止談話。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人暫時(shí)把目光從另一個(gè)人身上移開”，B選項(xiàng)“眼神交流超過一秒”，C選項(xiàng)“不合時(shí)宜地停止眼神接觸”，D選項(xiàng)“不斷調(diào)整眼神接觸”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”當(dāng)兩個(gè)說話的人都戴著墨鏡時(shí)，就會(huì)清楚地看到這種眼動(dòng)對(duì)保持談話順暢有多么重要:談話中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)由于打斷、錯(cuò)誤的開始和不可預(yù)知的停頓而造成的語(yǔ)塞，A選項(xiàng)“不要戴黑眼鏡”，B選項(xiàng)“不要打岔”，C選項(xiàng)“不要把目光從對(duì)方身上移開”，D選項(xiàng)“不要出人意料地停頓”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（）

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（）

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（）

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.lawenforcement.

B.knowledge.

C.nonviolence.

D.moppinguptheviolentmess.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出有些國(guó)家種族偏見嚴(yán)重，而暴力卻是公認(rèn)的一種解決方法，我們?nèi)匀粵]有認(rèn)識(shí)到，暴力永遠(yuǎn)不能解決問題，而是使問題更加尖銳。第二段闡述了真正有理智的人在宣揚(yáng)法制，卻遭到輕視和迫害，作者認(rèn)為真正的解決方案不是暴力，而是法制。第三段進(jìn)一步說明“交流、對(duì)話”是了解雙方問題的前提，而暴力制造了它假裝要解決的罪惡。整篇文章都在闡述不能依靠暴力手段解決歧視問題。因此B選項(xiàng)“暴力無(wú)助于消除種族偏見”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“提倡暴力”，C選項(xiàng)“雙方的重要人物都認(rèn)為暴力是合法的解決方案”，D選項(xiàng)“人類的本能渴望暴力”，因?yàn)槲恼率遣恍麚P(yáng)暴力的，所以A，C，D都不適合作為標(biāo)題。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Recordedhistory”可以定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第四句“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.”（整個(gè)有記錄的人類歷史，那冗長(zhǎng)乏味的暴力記錄，沒有教會(huì)我們?nèi)魏螙|西。），說明人類歷史上的暴力記錄沒有教會(huì)我們?nèi)魏螙|西。因此B選項(xiàng)“什么也沒有”正確。A選項(xiàng)“暴力永遠(yuǎn)解決不了任何問題”和C選項(xiàng)“流血事件毫無(wú)意義”，文中說我們還沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到暴力不能解決問題、流血和痛苦毫無(wú)意義，所以歷史上的暴力記錄并沒有教會(huì)我們這兩點(diǎn)，A，C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“一切”和nothing是相反的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reasonablemen”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正理智的人知道解決辦法在哪里，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越難得到傾聽。他們被鄙視，不信任，甚至被他們的同類迫害，因?yàn)樗麄兲岢T如執(zhí)法這樣明顯無(wú)法容忍的事情。），說明理智的人倡導(dǎo)法制，卻遭到了許多困難。因此D選項(xiàng)“在提倡執(zhí)法方面遭到困難?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“不被聽見”，B選項(xiàng)“被輕視”，C選項(xiàng)“受到迫害”都只是遇到困難的某一個(gè)方面，本質(zhì)上是因?yàn)樗麄兲岢珗?zhí)法，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段中It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（這很像一個(gè)著名律師的故事，他煞費(fèi)苦心地向法官解釋他的案子。聽了他的長(zhǎng)篇辯論，法官抱怨說他并沒有因此而變得聰明些。），說明“Hewasnonethewiser”在這里的意思是他聽了之后什么也沒有得到。因此C選項(xiàng)“聽后無(wú)所得?！狈项}意。A選項(xiàng)“他根本不明智，聽不進(jìn)去”，B選項(xiàng)“他以前一點(diǎn)也不明智”，D選項(xiàng)“他對(duì)這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論毫無(wú)意義”都不能表示他聽后什么也沒有得到的意思，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我們?cè)诜煽蚣軆?nèi)工作，真正和持久的解決辦法總是可能的。），說明作者認(rèn)為解決種族歧視的最好方法是法制。因此A選項(xiàng)“法制”正確。B選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)“非暴力”，D選項(xiàng)“清理暴力的混亂”并不是作者認(rèn)為解決問題的最好方法，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookstore,willgiveyou（）youneed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。information是不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式后面不能加s，所以B、D錯(cuò)誤。allof后面接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前必須要有定冠詞the，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)alltheinformation正確。

7.單選題

Thetopmanagersarefullof（）towardthesalesvolumeofmobilephonesnextyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.curiosity

B.optimism

C.passion

D.attitude

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”，B選項(xiàng)optimism“樂觀，樂觀主義”，C選項(xiàng)passion“激情，熱情”，D選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度，看法”，句意：高級(jí)經(jīng)理們對(duì)明年的手機(jī)銷量非常樂觀。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanyculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.confine

C.confirm

D.confront

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“conform”，意為“相符合”，B選項(xiàng)“confine”，意為“監(jiān)禁，限制”，C選項(xiàng)“confirm”，意為“證明，確認(rèn)”，D選項(xiàng)“confront”，意為“面對(duì)，遭遇”。句意：任何文化中的大多數(shù)人都會(huì)和該文化的既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保持一致。A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism

(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:

BenefitstoResidents

(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.

BenefitstoBusinesses

(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.

(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.

BenefitstoMunicipalities

(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.

(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.

(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.

(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.

(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.

(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.

1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suitableforbicycling

B.suitableforwalking

C.designedforpedals

D.designedforscooters

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theexpansionofurbanareas

B.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildings

C.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironment

D.theenvironmentalpreservation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.

B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.

C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.

D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.

B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.

C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.

D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereductionoffactories

B.thesprawlofthecity

C.thelesseningoftrafficjams

D.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識(shí)鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說明pedestrianstreet是對(duì)行人友好的社區(qū)。因此B選項(xiàng)“適合行走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“適合騎自行車”，C選項(xiàng)“為腳踏車設(shè)計(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“為小型摩托車設(shè)計(jì)”都不是指步行，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.（它是一場(chǎng)改革建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)的國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)，是通過創(chuàng)造更好的居住場(chǎng)所來(lái)提高我們的生活質(zhì)量和生活水平。），說明新城市主義強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)居住環(huán)境的改善。因此C選項(xiàng)“改善建筑環(huán)境”正確。A選項(xiàng)“城市地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張”，B選項(xiàng)“新建筑的藝術(shù)裝飾”和D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境保護(hù)”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“residents”可以定位到文章第二段，healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress（更健康的生活方式，更多的步行和更少的壓力）說明新城市主義對(duì)居民健康生活方式的好處；pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識(shí)鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人）說明了新城市主義注重人的步行友好性；morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem（讓孩子、老人和窮人有更多的自由和獨(dú)立，他們有能力去工作、娛樂和服務(wù)，而不需要搭乘汽車或別人給他們開車）說明了新城市主義為居民帶來(lái)了更多的自由。因此D選項(xiàng)“適合步行，更健康的生活方式和更多的自由。”最能概括新城市主義為居民帶來(lái)的好處。A選項(xiàng)“城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊，生活的便利和經(jīng)濟(jì)”中城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊是對(duì)城市的好處，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“更好的人際關(guān)系和更友好的城市”，C選項(xiàng)“方便的購(gòu)物和更多的服務(wù)，減少巴士費(fèi)用”都只是對(duì)居民帶來(lái)好處的一部分，不能完整概括新城市主義為居民帶來(lái)的好處，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“railwaysystems”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment.（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是更多的道路——如果設(shè)計(jì)與區(qū)域土地規(guī)劃相協(xié)調(diào)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生最好的效果。），說明新城市主義注重于新的鐵路系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃。因此B選項(xiàng)“新城市主義用新的鐵路系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)交通。”正確。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“moreroads”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresults（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是修建更多的公路能帶來(lái)最好的結(jié)果），說明新城市主義不主張修建更多的公路。因此A選項(xiàng)“新城市主義喜歡設(shè)計(jì)更多的道路，以方便交通?！辈环显摹Ｓ蒀選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識(shí)鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說明新城市主義者注重行人友好性。因此C選項(xiàng)“新城市主義規(guī)劃師反對(duì)行人友好的設(shè)計(jì)?！辈环显摹Ｓ蒁選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“infilldevelopment”可以定位到第七段最后一句Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.（與此同時(shí)，城市地區(qū)的振興引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)對(duì)城市中心的填充式開發(fā)。），說明新城市主義者是支持“infilldevelopment”的。因此D選項(xiàng)“新城市主義規(guī)劃師不支持填充開發(fā)。”不符合原文。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“environment”可以定位到第八段第一句Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.（緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃，而不是讓它向外擴(kuò)張，有可能極大地提高環(huán)境質(zhì)量。），說明為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，新城市主義強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃。因此D選項(xiàng)“城市區(qū)域的緊湊發(fā)展”正確。A選項(xiàng)“工廠的減少”，B選項(xiàng)“城市的擴(kuò)張”和C選項(xiàng)“交通堵塞的減輕”都和保護(hù)環(huán)境無(wú)關(guān)，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

10.單選題

Thereisastandardmethod（）officersareselectedforpromotion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whereby

B.that

C.where

D.whereas

【答案】B

【解析】考查從句。A選項(xiàng)whereby“憑此，借以，由于”，B選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”，C選項(xiàng)where“哪里”，D選項(xiàng)whereas“然而，盡管”。句意：選拔軍官晉升有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

（）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Wereitnot

C.Beitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝。句意：要不是公眾及時(shí)投資，我們公司就不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣繁榮。由此可知，主句和從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，所以用would+動(dòng)詞原形；從句是對(duì)過去的虛擬，投資發(fā)生在公司繁榮之前，所以應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)，即had+過去分詞。虛擬條件句中如果含有助動(dòng)詞should、had和were，可以將if省略，將助動(dòng)詞提前。這里還原應(yīng)該是“Ifithadnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic…”，將助動(dòng)詞提前之后就是Haditnotbeen，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

12.單選題

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcaseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虛構(gòu)的)entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,theeffectoflegislationprohibitingagediscriminationisnoteasytoseeandmayactuallybepartofthereasonitissodifficultforolderworkerstofindemployment.Ifitismoredifficulttofireanolderworkerthanayoungerworker,afirmwillbelesslikelytowanttohireolderworkers.Indeed,myresearchfindsthatinstateswhereworkershavelongertimetobringalawsuitclaim,oldermenworkfewerweeksperyear,arelesslikelytobehired,andlesslikelytobefiredthanmeninstateswheretheydonothaveasmuch.

NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.However,legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanacea(萬(wàn)靈藥).Therecentproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.

1.Alotofcasesofagediscriminationarenotfoundbecause（）

2.ThelabormarketexperimentinBostonshowsthat（）

3.Whatmayleadtotheincreaseofdiscriminationlawsuitsduringtimesofhighunemployment?

4.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthat（）

5.Theauthoris（）whenheanalyzestheagediscriminationissue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently.

B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon’tsueexceptthewhites.

C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthem.

D.manydiscriminatedpeopledon’tsueandcostsofalawsuitoutweighpotentialbenefits.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.youngermaleapplicantsaremorelikelytobehiredthantheirfemalecounterparts.

B.agediscriminationisquitecommoninhiringprocess.

C.theauthorcollectedinformationbyinterviewingfemaleapplicants.

D.femaleapplicantswhoare50yearsoldwillneverhaveachancetogetajob.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theincreaseofagediscrimination.

B.Thedecreaseofagediscrimination.

C.Thedecreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

D.Theincreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepast.

B.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementinthepast.

C.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan’tfreeoldworkersfromagediscrimination.

D.therecentproposedcongressionallegislationisineffective.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.partial

C.objective

D.doubtful

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句caseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected（雇傭歧視的案例往往沒有被