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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-新疆大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare()(均衡的飲食對健康是必不可少的)。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which()(把美觀和功能完美地結合起來)。

3.我們必須培養(yǎng)分析問題和解決問題的能力。

4.認識落后,才能改變落后。學習先進,才有可能趕超先進。

5.一個不怕困難、百折不撓、堅持到底的科學工作者一定會在科研工作中取得光輝的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

2.單選題

Wewouldcontactyournearestrelative()anyaccidentoccurring.

問題1選項

A.onaccountof

B.inspiteof

C.intheeventof

D.inplaceof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項onaccountof“由于;因為”;B選項inspiteof“盡管;不管”;C選項intheeventof“萬一;倘若”;D選項inplaceof“代替”。句意:……任何意外發(fā)生,我們會與您最近的親人聯(lián)絡。根據(jù)句意可知,空中應填入一個表示假設的短語,因此選項C正確。

3.單選題

Ifastarseemstobemovinginawavyline,()ofbeingadoublestar.

問題1選項

A.wesuspect

B.thatwesuspect

C.wesuspectit

D.thesuspicion

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。分析題干可知,空格前面是if引導的條件狀語從句,空格這句為主句,因此排除B項跟D項。suspect懷疑,猜想(懷疑某事是否存在/某人有錯/某事物的真實性或可靠程度,但對所疑心的事情往往又缺乏或沒有證據(jù);其后除用名詞、代詞外,還用不定式復合結構、從句,有時可用of短語作復合結構),因此C項正確。句意:如果一顆恒星似乎在波浪線中移動,我們懷疑它是一顆雙星。

4.不定項選擇題

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

6.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto().

7.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterizedby().

8.Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow().

9.Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof().

10.WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

問題1選項

A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses

B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness

C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory

D.thefunctionsofagoodnight’ssleep

問題2選項

A.intenselyactivebrainwavetraces

B.subjects’quickerresponsetimes

C.complicatedmemorypatterns

D.revivalofeventsinthepreviousday

問題3選項

A.itssignificanceinthestudy

B.aninherentpatternbeinglearnt

C.itsresemblancetothelights

D.theimportanceofanight’ssleep

問題4選項

A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom

B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams

C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons

D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses

問題5選項

A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.

B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.

C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.

D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文中第一段Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.(但是這樣的行為研究并不能區(qū)分為什么睡眠對記憶力有好處的兩種相互矛盾的理論),所以他們對為什么睡眠對記憶力有好處持有不同的觀點,故應選C選項“為什么睡眠對記憶力很有好處”。A選項“夢是如何在課程中被修改的”,不符合題意,可排除。B選項“睡眠和清醒的區(qū)別”,不符合題意,可排除。D選項“一個好覺的作用”,過于片面,可排除。因此C選項正確。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第二段中指出“…whenbrainandbodyareactive”,大腦積極運轉是眼珠快速轉動的主要特征,且在第三、四段又再次說明。選項B“被研究者更快的反應速度”,選項C“復雜的記憶模式”和選項D“前一天事件的重現(xiàn)”都不是眼球快速運動的主要特征。故應選A“強烈活躍的腦電波痕跡”。因此A選項正確。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。原文的第三段最后Whattheydidnotknow…followedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthat…說明了這種內在模式,也就是“artificialgrantor”對于記憶的重要性。因此A選項正確。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。這個題考查的是對后面幾段的歸納。首先在第三段開始Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPET…theypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.這是一種對比性的研究方法。后來的第四段最后…theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep也采用了對比的分析研究,故應選C“對比與比較”。因此C選項正確。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。這是一個通篇的中心歸納的考查題。文章一開始就指出Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.意思是在晚上好好的睡覺對記憶是有好處的。最后作者又歸納了研究的結果,“…concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep…”也說明結構性知識在REM睡眠中是可以鞏固的。故應選D。

5.單選題

()thatitmightbeeasiertoprepareabettermapofthemoonthanoftheearth.

問題1選項

A.Tosay

B.Theysay

C.Thesaying

D.Itissaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查形式主語從句。it+be+形容詞、名詞或者過去分詞+從句,it指代的具體內容是從句。A,C選項代入題干不能構成一個完整的句子;B選項they的內容指代不明,因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

()pollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manyindustrieshesitatetoadoptthem.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.However

C.Because

D.Onaccountof

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關系。A選項Although“盡管,雖然;但是,然而”;B選項however“無論如何;不管怎樣;然而;可是”;C選項Because“因為,由于”;D選項Onaccountof“由于;因為;為了……的緣故”。句意:()污染控制措施是昂貴的,許多工業(yè)猶豫采取它們。根據(jù)句意可知前半句是表示原因,但是Onaccountof不接從句,因此C選項正確。

7.不定項選擇題

It’snotdifficulttounderstandourdesireforathletestobeheroes.Onthesurface,atleast,athletesdisplayavitalandindomitablespirit;theyaregloriouslyalive(1)theirbodies.Andsportsdoallowusto(2)actsthatcanlegitimatelybedescribedas(3),thrilling,beautiful,evennoble.In(a)an(4)complicatedanddisorderlyworld,sportsarestillanarenainwhichwecanregularlywitnessacertainkindof(5).

Yetthere’ssomethingofa(6)here,fortheveryqualitiesasociety(7)toseekinitsheroes-selflessness,(8)consciousness,andthelikearepreciselythe(9)ofthosewhichareneededto(10)atalentedbutotherwiseunremarkableneighborhoodkidintoaMichaelJordan.Tobecomeastarathlete,youhavetohaveanextremelycompetitive(11)andyouhavetobetotallyfocusedonthedevelopmentofyourownphysicalskills.Thesequalities(12)wellmakeagreatathlete,(13)theydon’tnecessarilymakeagreatperson.

Ontopofthis,oursocietyreinforcesthese(14)bythesystemithascreatedtoproduceathletes—asystemcharacterizedby(15)responsibilityandenormousprivilege.

Theathletesthemselvessufferthe(16)ofthissystem.Trainedtomeasurethemselvesperpetually(17)theachievementsofthosearoundthem,manyyoungathletesdevelopasenseofwhatsociologistWalterSchaferhas(18)“conditionalself-worth”.Theylearnveryquicklythattheywillbeacceptedbytheimportantfiguresintheirlives—parents,coachesandpeersaslongastheyare(19)as“winner”.Unfortunatelytheybecome(20)andbehaveasiftheirathleticsuccesswilllastforever.

問題1選項

A.outside

B.inside

C.besides

D.with

問題2選項

A.depict

B.witness

C.distinguish

D.concentrate

問題3選項

A.courageous

B.rigorous

C.conspicuous

D.gorgeous

問題4選項

A.increasingly

B.constantly

C.successively

D.respectively

問題5選項

A.glamour

B.greatness

C.ambition

D.charm

問題6選項

A.paradox

B.paradise

C.galaxy

D.shuttle

問題7選項

A.tries

B.risks

C.tends

D.endeavors

問題8選項

A.social

B.communal

C.huge

D.important

問題9選項

A.fabulous

B.intact

C.notorious

D.opposite

問題10選項

A.enforce

B.interact

C.transform

D.distract

問題11選項

A.enthusiasm

B.aspire

C.outlook

D.view

問題12選項

A.may

B.can

C.must

D.should

問題13選項

A.so

B.and

C.as

D.but

問題14選項

A.vogues

B.traits

C.insights

D.instincts

問題15選項

A.refrained

B.limited

C.avoided

D.prohibited

問題16選項

A.amends

B.surpluses

C.bonuses

D.costs

問題17選項

A.against

B.to

C.by

D.in

問題18選項

A.title

B.termed

C.suppressed

D.conceptualized

問題19選項

A.conceived

B.affected

C.perceived

D.effected

問題20選項

A.conceited

B.reckless

C.unanimous

D.spontaneous

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。insideone’sbody(在某人體內)。句意:他們在自己身體內光彩奪目地活著。因此B選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項depict“描述;描畫”;B選項witness“目擊;證明;為……作證”;C選項distinguish“區(qū)分;辨別;使杰出,使表現(xiàn)突出”;D選項concentrate“集中;濃縮;全神貫注;聚集”。句意:而體育確實讓我們目睹那些行為……。本句表示“目睹……的行為”。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項courageous“有膽量的,勇敢的”;B選項rigorous“嚴格的,嚴厲的;嚴密的;嚴酷的”;C選項conspicuous“顯著的;顯而易見的”;D選項gorgeous“華麗的(指衣服,顏色等),燦爛的;極好的”。句意:而體育確實讓我們目睹那些可以被合理地描述為勇敢、激動、美麗,甚至高尚的行為。本句填入的詞和thrilling,beautiful,evennoble(激動、美麗,甚至高尚的行為)并列,因此A選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項increasingly“越來越多地;漸增地”;B選項constantly“不斷地;時常地(側重于事件發(fā)生的穩(wěn)定性和持續(xù)性以及經(jīng)久不變的狀態(tài))”;C選項successively“相繼地;接連著地”;D選項respectively“分別地;各自地,獨自地”。句意:在一個日益復雜和無序的世界。本句表示“越來越復雜的世界”。因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項glamour“魅力(多因財富或地位所致),魔力;迷人的美”;B選項greatness“偉大;巨大”;C選項ambition“野心,雄心;抱負,志向”;D選項charm“魅力(通常指對人的魅力),吸引力;魔力”。句意:體育仍然是一個競技場,我們可以定期看到某種程度上的偉大。上文提到體育可以讓我們目睹被描述為勇敢、激動、美麗,甚至高尚的行為,因此B選項符合題意。

6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項paradox“悖論,反論;似是而非的論點;自相矛盾的人或事”;B選項paradise“天堂”;C選項galaxy“星系;銀河系;一群顯赫的人”;D選項shuttle“航天飛機;穿梭;梭子;穿梭班機、公共汽車等”。句意:然而,這里有一些矛盾之處。第二段第一句話fortheveryqualitiesasocietytendstoseekinitsheroesselflessness,socialconsciousness,andthelikearepreciselytheoppositeofthosewhichareneededtotransformatalentedbutotherwiseunremarkableneighborhoodkidintoaMichaelJordan.(社會傾向于從英雄身上尋找無私、社會意識之類的品質,這恰恰與把一個才華橫溢但不出眾的鄰居孩子變成邁克爾?喬丹所需要的品質相反。)因此A選項正確。

7.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項tries“嘗試”;B選項risks“冒……危險”;C選項tends“趨向,傾向;照料,照顧”;D選項endeavors“努力;盡力”。句意:因為社會傾向于在英雄身上尋找……。tendto固定搭配,傾向于。因此C選項正確。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項social“社會的,社交的;群居的”;B選項communal“公共的;公社的”;C選項huge“巨大的;龐大的;無限的”;D選項important“重要的,重大的;有地位的;有權力的”。句意:社會傾向于從英雄身上尋找無私、社會意識之類的品質。空格處表示社會意識和本句主語社會對應。因此A選項正確。

9.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查名詞以及形容詞辨析。A選項fabulous“極好的;絕妙的”;B選項intact“完好無損;完整”;C選項notorious“聲名狼藉的;臭名昭著的”;D選項opposite“對立面;反面”。由空格前冠詞the,以及空格后of可以確定此處應填寫一個名詞,A,B,C選項都是形容詞,故排除。因此D選項正確。

10.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項enforce“實施,執(zhí)行;強迫,強制”;B選項interact“互相影響;互相作用”;C選項transform“改變,使……變形;轉換”;D選項distract“轉移;分心”。句意:恰恰與把一個才華橫溢但不出眾的鄰居孩子變成邁克爾?喬丹所需要的品質相反。因此C選項符合題意。

11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項enthusiasm“熱情;熱心”;B選項aspire“渴望(成就);有志(成為)”;C選項outlook“展望;態(tài)度,觀點;景色(對事物形成的總體看法)”;D選項view“觀察;視野;意見(泛指看待問題的觀點或立場)”。句意:你必須擁有極具競爭力的視野。本句并不是說對什么問題的觀點或者是立場,排除D選項。因此C選項正確。

12.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項may“可以,能夠;可能,也許;祝,愿;會,能(語氣較委婉)”;B選項can“能;能夠;有機會;可能;被允許(有強烈的主觀色彩)”;C選項must“必須;一定(無商量余地,語氣最強硬)”;D選項should“應該(帶有濃厚的自我責備或悔恨的意思)”。句意:這些品質可能造就偉大的運動員。此處的可能應該語氣比較委婉,并且是客觀的推測,因此A選項正確。

13.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。句意:這些品質可能造就偉大的運動員,()不一定造就偉大的人。由空格后不一定造就偉大的人,可知D選項正確。

14.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項vogues“時尚;流行,時髦”;B選項traits“特性,特質,性格”;C選項insights“洞察力;眼力;深刻見解”;D選項instincts“[生物]本能;[心理]直覺”。句意:我們的社會通過它創(chuàng)造的培養(yǎng)運動員的系統(tǒng)來強化這些特征。根據(jù)下文asystemcharacterizedby...(一種以……為特征的制度)可知B選項正確。

15.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項refrained“節(jié)制,克制;避免;制止”;B選項limited“有限的”;C選項avoided“避免;避免了;回避;使無效”;D選項prohibited“被禁止的”。句意:一個以有限責任和巨大特權為特征的體制。由空格前的by和空格后的responsibility(責任,名詞)判斷出此處應填入一個形容詞詞性的單詞,排除A,C選項,D選項詞義不符合句意。因此B選項正確。

16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項amends“賠償;賠罪”;B選項surpluses“剩余”;C選項bonuses“獎金”;D選項costs“費用,代價,成本;損失;訴訟費用”。句意:運動員自己承受著這種制度的代價。本句表示“承受……的代價”。因此D選項正確。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。固定搭配measureagainst(對照……評價……)。句意:許多年輕運動員被訓練成總是拿周圍人的成就來衡量自己。因此A選項正確。

18.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項title“加標題于;賦予頭銜;把……稱為”;B選項termed“把……稱作”;C選項suppressed“鎮(zhèn)壓;阻礙發(fā)展;禁止(發(fā)表、傳播);封鎖;抑制;阻止”;D選項conceptualized“概念化”。句意:從而形成了一種被社會學家沃爾特?謝弗稱為“有條件的自我價值”的感覺。由空前has可知此處是現(xiàn)在完成時,動詞要用過去分詞,排除A選項。因此B選項正確。

19.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項conceived“構思;設想”;B選項affected“影響;假裝;使……感動”;C選項perceived“感知;認為;領會”;D選項effected“產生;造成;招致”。句意:他們很快就知道,只要他們被視為“贏家”。beperceivedas(被認為是)。因此C選項正確。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項conceited“自負的;狂想的;逞能的”;B選項reckless“魯莽的,不顧后果的;粗心大意的”;C選項unanimous“全體一致的;意見一致的;無異議的”;D選項spontaneous“自發(fā)的;自然的;無意識的”。句意:不幸的是,他們變得自負起來,表現(xiàn)得好像他們在運動上的成功會永遠持續(xù)下去。由Unfortunately和后文的asiftheirathleticsuccesswilllastforever(好像他們在運動上的成功會永遠持續(xù)下去)可知A選項正確。

8.單選題

Ourcommitteehaselectedanew().

問題1選項

A.chief

B.principal

C.head

D.chairman

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查名詞用法。A選項chief“首領,頭目”,B選項principal“校長”,C選項head“負責人,領導人”,D選項chairman“(會議的)主席,主持人,(委員會的)委員長,主席,(公司等的)董事長”。句意:我們委員會選出了一位新的委員長。因此,D選項符合句意。

9.單選題

Thestationerhasnotyetdeliveredtheyellowpaper,butwhen()Iwillgiveyousome.

問題1選項

A.theydo

B.theywill

C.hedoes

D.hewill

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)辨析。句意:文具店還沒有給你黃色的紙,但是……的時候我會給你一些。根據(jù)句意,可推測是一般現(xiàn)在時,因此排除B,D選項,選項A是they,不能指代stationer,因此選項C為正確答案。

10.翻譯題

Springdisplaysthenoisy,oftenshallowmoodsofadolescence.Autumnmoodsarethoseofmaturity,deeperandmoreintense.Agravemist-softenedmorningofreflectionisfollowedwithinhoursbyaValkyrieworldofscreamingtwilightwhenelementalwindstearwitheredleavesfrombranches,rockandstriptheshiveringforestandraiserollingmountainsondarkseas.Thewindpassesandthebillowingcloudscondenseintorain,whichfallswithquietpersistence,fillingthehardened,cart-rutsincountrylanes,floodingstreamsoversoddenmeadowsandemulsifyingthefallenleaves.Bluepatcheswidenbetweenthesun-lined,cloudsandsoontheglossybaretwigsarebrilliantinrain-washedsunshine.

【答案】【參考譯文】春天散布著嘈雜、淺淡的少年心情,秋天的心境是成熟、深沉而更為強烈的。一個靜穆的輕霧繚繞的早晨,幾小時之內便會被疾風驟雨的世界所取代,強勁的風吹打著枯枝敗葉,震顫著瑟瑟的森林,并使綿亙的山巒在黑色的海面上顯露出來。風平浪靜之后,驚濤駭浪般奔涌的云凝結成雨,安靜而耐心地落下,濕潤著鄉(xiāng)間小徑干硬的車轍,注滿了流經(jīng)草地的小溪,并促使地上的落葉化作泥土。鑲著金邊的云朵之間,藍天漸漸開闊,光禿禿的樹枝在雨后初晴的陽光中垂掛著晶瑩的水滴。

11.單選題

Barrymore(),buteachisrememberednotforhiswomenbutforhistalent.

問題1選項

A.hadmanywives.Garrickone

B.hadmanywives.Garrickhavingone

C.havingmanywives,Garrickjustone

D.hadmanywives.Garrickhadonlyonewife

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。分析題干可知前面為兩個獨立的分句,因此D項正確。句意:白瑞摩有許多妻子。加里克只有一個妻子,但每個人都不是因為他的女人而被銘記,而是因為他的才華。

12.單選題

However,thenewlaw,oncepassed,will()theBridlingtonagreementillegalbygivingworkerstherighttojoinunionsoftheirchoice.

問題1選項

A.convert

B.render

C.cancel

D.eliminate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項convert“轉換”;B選項render“致使”;C選項cancel“取消”;D選項eliminate“消除”。句意:然而,新法律一旦通過,將導致布里德靈頓協(xié)議非法,因為工人有權加入他們自己選擇的工會。本句表示導致協(xié)議非法。因此B選項正確。

13.單選題

(),thelionisamemberofthecatfamily.

問題1選項

A.Likethetiger

B.Aliketothetiger

C.Likingthetiger

D.Itislikethetiger

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。分析題干和選項可知,空格后面已經(jīng)是完整的句子,因此空格處應為形容詞短語做狀語,故選B。句意:和老虎一樣,獅子也是貓科動物中的一員。

14.翻譯題

Thetrampseemstohavebeenamanofgoodhumorandphilosophictemperament—asindeedvagrantsverycommonlyare.EveryoneelsewasenjoyingChristmas,sohesawnogoodreasonwhyheshouldnotdothesame.Hesubmitted,cheerfullyenough,tobeingtakenawaybythepolice.PerhapshehadhadabetterChristmasthanusual.Hewassenttoprisonforsevendays.Thejudgeawardednocompensationtothechainstoreforthefoodanddrinkourtramphadconsumed.Theyhad,inhisopinion,alreadyreceivedvaluablefreepublicityfromthecoveragethestoryreceivedinthenewspapersandontelevision.

【答案】流浪漢似乎是一個很有幽默感和哲學氣質的人——實際上流浪漢通常都是這樣的。其他人都在享受圣誕節(jié),所以他覺得沒有什么理由不讓自己也這么做。他很高興地讓警察把他帶走了。也許他圣誕節(jié)過得比平時好。他被關進監(jiān)獄7天。對于我們的流浪漢吃的食物和飲料,法官沒有判給連鎖店任何賠償。在他看來,他們已經(jīng)接受了從報紙和電視上的報道中獲得了寶貴的免費宣傳。

15.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.WritetheChineseversionontheanswersheet.

Wenowknowthatadvancedscientificortechnicaltrainingisnotatallincompatiblewithacareerinpracticalaffairs.Onthecontrary,itprovesadepthanddisciplinethatcanbeofgreatvalueinthecomplextechnicalworldoftoday.Buttherearestillthosewhosaythatahighlevelofscientifictrainingproducesonlyspecialistswithanarrowoutlook.Thechargewasnevertrue,andthisbookisamplerefutationofit.Theauthorofthebookislivingproofthatthereisasolutiontotheancientdebateoverwhetherweshouldbetrainingspecialistsorgeneralists.Therearethosewhoarguethatthemodernworldisbuiltonspecialization,thatthosewhoreachthepeaksofperformanceareusuallyspecialists,andthatyouwillunderstandeverythingbetterifyouknowonethingindepth.Otherssaythatinthisworldofspecialists,wegravelyneedpeoplewiththebreadthtoseelifewholeandtoknitthespecialiststogether.Thetruthisthatweneedboth.Weareapproachingthetimewhennoonewillbeabletoplayaroleofleadershipinourcomplexsocietywhoisnotbothspecialistandgeneralist.

【答案】【參考譯文】

我們現(xiàn)在知道,高級科學或技術培訓與從事實際工作一點也不矛盾。相反,它證明了一種在當今復雜的技術世界中具有巨大價值的深度和規(guī)律。但仍有人說,高水平的科學培訓只能培養(yǎng)出眼光狹隘的專家。這一指控從來都不是正確的,這本書充分駁斥了這一指控。這本書的作者就是活生生的證據(jù),證明我們應該培養(yǎng)專家還是通才的古老爭論是有解決辦法的。有人認為,現(xiàn)代世界是建立在專業(yè)化的基礎上的,那些達到業(yè)績頂峰的人通常是專家,如果你深入了解一件事,你就會更好地理解一切。還有人說,在這個專家云集的世界里,我們非常需要有廣度的人來看待整個生活,并把專家們聯(lián)系在一起。事實是,我們兩者都需要。我們正接近這樣一個時代:在我們這個復雜的社會中,沒有一個既不是專家又不是通才的人能夠發(fā)揮領導作用。

16.單選題

()ifheiswillingtofitinwiththeplansofthegroup.

問題1選項

A.Thereisnoobjectiontohimjoiningtheparty

B.Thereisnoobjectiononhimjoiningtheparty

C.Thereisnoobjectiontohisjoiningtheparty

D.Noobjectionwillberaiseduponhimjoiningtheparty

【答案】C

【解析】考查動名詞復合結構。此處的to是介詞,join加ing變成動名詞。形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞,后面一般要接名詞,不接動詞,但可以接動名詞,構成動名詞復合結構,格式為:形容詞性物主代詞+動名詞,此處的形容詞性物主代詞為動名詞的邏輯主語。C選項his為形容詞性物主代詞,也是joining的邏輯主語,因此C選項正確。

17.不定項選擇題

SincetheemergenceofWesterncapitalisminthe18thcentury,freemarketcapitalismhasbeenthereigningmodeintheworld’seconomy.Basedonmassproduction,externalmarkets,andregulationbysupplyanddemand,thissystempromoteseconomicgrowthand,intheory,wealthforallintheformofmaterialgoods.Proponentsofcapitalismbelievethatthesystembringsthegreatesthappinesstothegreatestnumberofpeople.Detractorsclaimthatcapitalismcreatesunnecessarygrowthattheexpenseofsocialinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation.

Withthepatentingofthesteamenginein1769,massproductionbecamemoreefficient,andlargefactorytownsproliferated,firstinEnglandandtheninEuropeandAmerica.Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.ThehugeprofitsofprivateindustryfueledthenationaleconomiesofEuropeancountries,andlaidthefoundationsofinternationaltrade.Thevirtuesofeconomicgrowthseemedunassailableatthetime;profitsfromsalesenrichedthefactoryinterestontheflowoftradecurrencybroughtprofittocapitalinvestors,andtheincreaseinfactory-producedconsumergoodsappearedasthoughitwouldleadtowell-beingfortherestofsociety.TheScottishsocialphilosopherproto-economistAdamSmith,writingin1776,expressedthis18th-centuryoptimisminhisWealthofNations,sayingthatan“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(onewithnogovernmentinterference),preservingchecksandbalancesinthesystemandofferingthefairestcompensationtotheworker,guaranteeingahappyandprosperoussociety.

Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,thedesirabilityofuncheckedeconomicgrowthwasbeginningtocomeintoquestion.Whileprovidingforthegrowthofgovernmentandindustry,thecapitalistsystemseemedtohavebroughtfewrealbenefitstotheworkingclasses,andtohavecreatedmoreproblemsthanithadsolved.CitiesinEuropeandnowAmericaboreanewandquiteuglyfeature:theslumsoftheurbanworkerswhoselaborwasessentialtothemachineryofcapitalism,butwhoserewardwasinadequatetoprovideadecentstandardofliving.Theseghettoeswerecentersofovercrowding,poverty,hungeranddesperation.Increasedfoodproductionbroughtacorrespondingriseinpopulation;GreatBritaingrewfromninemillionin1780to21millionin1850;thepopulationofEuropenearlydoubledinthesametimeframe,jumpingfrom140millionin1750to266millionin1850.Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.Theappallingworkandlivingconditionsfannedtheflamesofworkers’revolutionswhichbrokeoutacrossEuropein1848.

KarlMarxandHenryDavidThoreau,writinginthe1840’s,bothattackedthefree-marketsystem.[A]ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.[B]ItwasThoreau,whenheproposedanagrarian-basedeconomicmodelbasedonself-sufficiencyandreducedconsumption,whomostradicallydissentedwiththe“freemarket”.[C]ThoughfewatthetimetookThoreauseriously,hisobservationsprefiguremanyoftheecologicalconcernsofthe21stcentury—conservation,sustainableresources,recycling,andrealcost,forexample.[D]Thoreaualsoarguedthatlarge-scaleeconomicdevelopmentcannotexistwithoutslavery.Headvocatedaninternal-market“naturaleconomy”inwhichtheindividualwouldcultivateonlyenoughlandtoprovideforpersonalneeds,retaineconomicindependencealongwiththedignitythatentailed,andenjoygreaterleisuretime.

Today,theinterrelatednessoftheglobaleconomyisforcingustorecognizethateconomicgrowthdoesnottakeplaceinavacuum.Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.Noweconomistsandecologistsoftenfindthemselvesoccupyingcommonground.Indeeditmaynolongerbepossibletolookateconomicdevelopmentasanactivitydivorcedfromitsenvironmentalandhumanconsequences.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedinparagraph2?

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

7.Accordingtothepassage,itwasAdamSmith’sargumentthat().

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

8.Whichofthefollowingwasmentionedasaconsequenceofpeoplemovingfromthecountrysidetothecity?

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthecommonlyheldviewofKarlMarxironic?

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

10.Thewordrampantisclosestinmeaningto().

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitthathasresultedfromfreemarketcapitalism?

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

12.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

問題1選項

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

問題2選項

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

問題3選項

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsofthewor

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