書面表達(dá)系列訓(xùn)練

—圖表題的寫作方法高考書面表達(dá)題不僅考查考生寫的方面的微技能，而且考查考生觀察、分析、理解、解決問題的能力以及綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。縱觀歷年來的書面表達(dá)題可以看出，看圖作文作為一種較好的題型，得到了命題人員的青睞，但是圖表題類書面表達(dá)對(duì)于培養(yǎng)和考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用語言解決實(shí)際問題的能力，也不失為一種好題型。對(duì)于圖表題，考生只有具有扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，能夠靈活運(yùn)用語言的交際性、邏輯性和變通性才能組織出一篇優(yōu)秀的書面表達(dá)。圖表題不象文字表述題和看圖作文題形象直觀、要點(diǎn)明了，它需要考生通過觀察和分析圖表，提煉要點(diǎn)，然后組織表達(dá)材料。從審題的角度看，圖表題要難于另外兩種題型。那么怎樣做圖表題呢？現(xiàn)以一篇圖表題為例談?wù)劸毠P技巧。一、審題抓要點(diǎn)

1、

緊扣圖表中的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。2、

獲取提示中的說明點(diǎn)。(e.g.①In1959percapitaincomewasnomorethan300Yuan.②Thepeasantsearnedabout200Yuanin1969.③Greatchangeshavetakenplacesince1978.④In1989people’spercapitaincomereachedalmost1,000Yuan.⑤Percapitaincomewasmorethan2,000Yuanin1999.)(e.g.⑥It’sasmallvillagewithhighmountainsaroundit.⑦Thepeasantsplantappletreesandgrowwheat.⑧Therearesixtrucksinthevillage.⑨Allthepeasantsliveahappylifeintheirownnewbuildings.)二、擴(kuò)充連成文

It’sasmallvillagewithhighmountainsaroundit⑥.Itwaspoorfortyyearsagoin“RedFlagVillage”.Thereweremorethantwohundredpeoplethere.Percapitaincomewasnomorethan300Yuaninayear①.Butthepeasantsearnedlessin1969②.Theygotpoorer.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesince1978③.Thepeasantsbegantoplantappletreesandgrowwheat⑦ontheirownfarms.

Bytheyear1989people’spercapitaincomehadreachedalmost1,000Yuan④.Nowthey’remuchricherthanbefore.Percapitaincomewasmorethan2,000Yuanin1999⑤.Theyhavesixtrucks⑧andsometractors.Allthepeasantsliveahappylifeintheirownbuildings⑨.三、定篇細(xì)查看

一篇初步完成的語篇還要經(jīng)過修改和審閱，才能最后定稿。怎樣修改？一方面平時(shí)養(yǎng)成寫后復(fù)審自校的習(xí)慣，另一方面，還要掌握一些修改自校的方法。比如：1、詞法、句法有無問題；2、要點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)有無遺漏；3、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)有無錯(cuò)誤；4、字?jǐn)?shù)是否符合要求等等。這樣，臨考時(shí)才能真正做到沉著而不慌，冷靜而有序，應(yīng)考時(shí)才能應(yīng)付自如，落筆成文。柱狀圖表題

寫作方法與曲線形圖表題類似，分別將各柱所說明的信息作為要點(diǎn)逐一描述，若是新舊對(duì)比的柱狀圖表題，可將同一類型的放在一起對(duì)比闡述，也可按時(shí)間順序一塊一塊地闡述。請(qǐng)看以下一例：

【Onepossibleversion】Seniormiddleschoolstudentswereheavilyburdenedwithallkindsofhomework.Becauseofvariousexaminations,theyspentabout6.5hoursintheirclassroomsaday.Athome,about3.5hourswerespentontheirhomeworkandthereforemostofthemgotlessthansevenhours’sleepanight,withonlyaboutthreehours’freetimeforotherthings.Asaresult,theirhealthwasbadlydamaged.Nowthingsaregettingbetter.Aboutfivehoursarespentinclassandhoursforhomeworkareshortenedtoabouttwosothattheyhavetwomorehours’sleepandalsotwohours’freetimetodowhatevertheylike.(NO.17)ThetwographstellustherelationshipbetweenlungcancerandsmokinginChina.Ascanbeseenfromthegraphs,theyshowthatfrom1900to1980,thenumberofyoungsmokersincreasedfromaroundamillionto55million.Inthesameperiod,thecasesoflungcancerincreasedatanevengreaterrate.In1900,therewereabout40,000lungcancerpatientsaged20-30.Butby1980therewasabout110,000peoplewithlungcancer.Howterrible!Weallknowthatlungcancerisaterriblediseasewhichhasalsobeenprovedtobecloselyrelatedtosmoking.Therefore,topreventlungcanceranddecreasethepossibilityofsuchdiseases,pleasestopsmokingrightnow.2004年北京高考Chart1showsthedailyaverageamountoftimethestudentsoftheschoolspendondifferentafter-classactivities.Thestudentsputthemosttime－93minutes－intotheirhomework,andnextinlineiswatchingTV,whichtakesup46minutes.Theyputinaboutthesameamountoftimelisteningtomusicandworkingonthecomputer,34minutesand30minuteseach.While25minutesisspentonsports,only12minutesgoesintohousework.AsisshownonChart