高中牛津教材選修模塊11課本全文高中牛津教材選修模塊11課本全文高中牛津教材選修模塊11課本全文V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考高中牛津教材選修模塊11課本全文日期：20xx年X月BookⅪUnit1CareersandskillsReadingA.Readthearticlequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatdoestheauthordiscussinthearticle?2.Canyougivetwoexamplesoftheso-calledglamorousjobs?3.Whichjobslookdullbutareactuallyveryimportant?

B.YangMinisthinkingaboutherfuturecareer.Shehasfoundanarticleaboutjobsaroundtheworldinateenmagazine.Readthearticlewithher.SomanyjobstochoosefrombyDaiLinglingThelastyearofhighschoolisatimeforhardworkandalsoatimeforreflection.Atthistime,youhavetostartthinkingaboutthefutureandwhatouwanttodoaftergraduation.Inthisarticle,Iamgoingtodiscusssomeoftheoptionsavailabletoyouandwhetherpopularcareers,moreunusualjobsoreverydayjobsbettersuitedtoyou.Whenchoosingacareer,youshouldconsideralltheaspectsofajob.Somejobsmayseemverydullbutareveryimportanttosociety,whileotherscanappearveryexcitingbutareactingbutareactuallyverydifficultandboring.Oneexampleistheso-called‘glamorousjob’ofbeingamodeloranactor.Wouldyouliketobefamous,weardiamonds,gotopartiesandrelaxoncushionsinprivatejetsorhelicoptersInreality,thesepeoplehavetospendlonghourstravelling,withalltheirbaggagepackedinsuitcasesandtrunks,andonlyaverysmallnumberofthemaresuccessful.Manyactors,actressesandmodelsholdordinary,lessglamorousjobs,oftenworkingaswaitersandwaitresses,inordertosupportthemselves.Meanwhile,thosewhoaresuccessfulandfamoushavetodealwithconstantmediaattention.Theyhavetobeverythick-skinnedtodealwithallkindsofcriticism.Theyarealsounderhugepressuretoappearyoungandbeautiful.Mostactorsandmodelsarealwaysonadiet,andmanyhavepainfulsurgerytomaketheirfacesandbodieslookmoreattractive.Itdoesnotseemthatglamorousnow,doesitMaybeacareerasalocalgrocerofflour-coveredbakerwouldbeabetteroption.

Otherpopularprofessionsforyoungpeopleincludecareersinlaworbusiness.Manypeoplehaveambitionstobecomesuccessfulasalawyerorbusinessperson,buttheydonotconsiderthestressandpressurethatcomewiththesejobs.Thesecanbewell-paidandinterestingjobs,butyoualsohavetoworkverylonghours.Also,sometimesasabossinthebusinessworld,youhavetomakedifficultdecisionsthathurtpeople,andbeingalawyercaninvolvefacingtoughmoralissues.Incontrast,somepeoplefindmoreunusualjobsthatarebettersuitedtotheirtalentsandinterests.Afewyearsago,whenIwashikingintheGrandCanyonNationalParkintheUSA,Imetamanwhohadaveryunusaljob.Hewaslivingbyasteaminatentsurroundedbytechnicalequipment,andhisonlyneighbourswerethebirdsandsquirrelsinthenearbytrees.Hisjobwastochecknoisepollutionintheparkzones.Helovedcamping,andhisjobwaslikeaholidayforhim.Itwasveryeasytoseethatheenjoyeddoinghisjob.Therearemanyotherpeopledoingunusuljobs,suchasabeertasteratabrewery,whoprobablyconsumesonelitreofbeerperyear,apersonwhodesignsfireworksdisplaysandapersonwhotestsridesforamusementparks.Allthesepeoplelovetheirjobs,whichmightnotbepopular,butareinterestingregardless.Similarly,manyordinaryjobsmaylookdull,buttheyareasessentialaswatertooursociety.Aswegothroughourdailylives,wemeetmanydifferentkindsofpeople-shopassistants,whosellusthingsinshops;drivers,whodrivetramsanddbusestransportingusaroundthecity;babers,whocutourhairinbabershops,andcleaners,whoclearupourrubbish.Thesejobsmaynotseemveryattractive,buttheyareallimportant.Forexample,ifnoonewastocollecttherubbish,thesteetswouldsoonbecomeverydirtyandunpleasant,thenumberofratswouldincrease,anddiseasewouldspread.Thesepeople,whoperformsuchordinarybutvitaltasks,allowpeopletogoabouttheirdailylives.Whenyouthinkaboutyourfuturecareer,rememberthatsomeglamorousjobscanberatherdifficultandthatsomeordinaryjobscanbequiteimportant.Allofthemtogether,through,helpsocietyfunction.Readingstrategy:readingforopinioninatextAlmostveryarticlereflectstheopinionsorviewsofitsauthor.Inmanycases,articlesareaimedatpersuadingpeopleorexpressingpersonalview,suchasthoseinanewspapercolumn.Inthetextabove,theauthorusesquitenegativelanguagestodesvribesomevareers,e.g.‘Itdoesnotseemthatglamorousnow,doesit’andverypositivelanguagetodescribesomeothers,e.g.‘Thesejobsmaynotseemveryattractive,buttheyareallimportant’.Itisclearthattheauthorisbiasedinfavourofordinarycareersanddislikessomepopularcareers.anyarticleisbiasedtosomeextent,sowhenlookingatanarticle,readersshouldpayattentiontowhatkindoflanguageisusedtodiscussdifferentthings,findouttheauthor'sopinions,thinkcaredullyanddecidewhethertheyagreeornot.ProjectWritinganessayaboutcareersWhenchoosingacareer,itcanbehelpfultoaskyourselfquestionsaboutyourinterestsandskillstohelpyoudecidewhatjobswouldbemostsuitableforyou.A.ThefollowingisanInternetquiz.Itidentifiesyourskillsandinterests,andgivesyouscoretohelpyouevaluatedifferentcareeroptions.Completethequiz.Whatisyouridealjob?Readeachitemandcircletheone/oneswhichdescribes/describewhatyouthinkorliketodo.Foreachitem,youcanchoosemorethanoneanswer.Therearenorightorwronganwers.1.Iwouldrather_____afixormendthingsbsolvemathsproblemscdraworpaintdleadagroupdiscussionesellthingsorpromoteideasfsetupsystemsonacomputer2.Iam______apracticalbcuriousaboutmanythingsccreativedfriendlyeself-confidentfwellorganized3.Forahobby,Iprefer______aplayingsportbreadingbooksctakingphotographsdwatchingsportebeinginadebatingsocietyfcollectingthings4.Iliketo_____abuildthingsbdolabexperimentscdesignthingsdplayteamsportsemeetimportantandfamouspeopleforganizethings5.Ican______aoperatetoolsandmachineseasilybuseacomputereasilycsing,actordanceweilldworkwellwithothersegivegoodspeechesfkeepaccuraterecords6.Iliketo______abearoundanimalsbsolveproblemscusemyimaginationdworkwithpeopletohelpthemeworkwithpeopletomakemoneyfworkwithdataNowlookatyouranswerandfigureouthowmanytimesyouhavechosen.a=___b=___c=___d=___e=___f=___Thelettersrepresentdifferenttyesofpeople.Findtheletterwhichyouchosethemostoftenandlookatthedescriptionwhichcorrespondswithitbelow.Thiswilltellyouwhattypeofpersonyouareandwhatcareerswouldprobablysuityoubest.Iftherewasnooneletterclearlychosenmost,lookatthetwomostfrequentlychosen.Realistic(Thedoers)Thesepeoplehavepracticalorathleticabilitiesandprefertoworkwithobjects,machines,plantsandanimalsortobeoutdoors.Suitablejobsinclude:busdriver,butcher,carpenter,chef,electrician,firefighter,jeweller,machineoperator,plumber,sailorandtailor.Investigative(Thethinkers)Thesepeopleliketoobserve,learn,analyse,evaluateandsolveproblems.Suitablejobsincluade:biochemist,biologist,chemist,dentist,engineer,geologist,mathematicianandsoftwareengineer.Artistic(Thecreators)Thesepeoplehaveartistic,freethinkingorintuitiveabilitiesandliketoworkinfreeandopensituations(withoutregularofficehours)usingtheirimaginationandcreativity.Suitablejobsinclude:actor,architect,dancer,designer,hairdresser,fashiondesigner,photographer,theatrestudies/music/languageteacherandwriter.Social(Thehelpers)Thesepeopleliketoworkwithpeopleeducate,inform,help,trainorcurethem.Suitablejobsinclude:librarian,nurse,policeofficer,flightattendant,teacher,therapistandtrainer.Enterprising(Theleaders)Thesepeopletakegreatpleasureininfluencing,persuading,performing,leadingormanaginganorganization'ssuccesses.Suitablejobsinclude:computeroperator,financialmanager,hotelmanager,journalist,lawyer,saleperson,shopkeeper,travelagentandthepremierofacountry.Conventional(Theorganizers)Thesepeoplearetalentedatadministration,liketoworkwithdabaandcancarryouttasksindetailorfollowotherpeople'sinstructions.Suitablejobsinclude:accountant,cashier,clerk,customsinspector,secretaryandtelephoneoperator.B.Youaregoingtowriteanessayaboutwhatcareeryouwanttohaveandhowaccurateyouthinkthequizisandwhy.Answerthesequestionstohelpyouwriteyouressay.1.Whatideasdidyouhaveaboutyourcareerbeforeyoudidthequiz?2.Whatdidyouthinkaboutthequiz?3.Howdidyoufeelabouttheresultyougot?4.DoyouthinkapersoncouldbeamixtureofmorethanonetypeWhy

5.HowaccuratedoyouthinkthequizwasWhy

6.Whatelsecanyoudotofindoutthemostsuitablecareerforyou?7.Doyouneedadvicefromyourteachers,parentsandfriendsWhyorWhynot

8.Howwillyouorganizeandplantheinformationinyouressay?Unit2GettingajobReadingA.Readthefollowinglecturetranscriptquicklyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisthelecturetranscriptabout?2.Howmanypartsdoestheinterviewprocesshave?3.Whatshouldyoudotoincreaseyourchancesofsuccessinaninterview?B.Aprofessorisgivingadviceonhowtosucceedinaninterview.Readthetranscriptbelowandfindouthowtoimproveyourperformanceinajobinterview.TipsforjobinterviewsuccessGoodmorning,everyone.Today,I'llbetalkingabouthowtogetthejobyoureallywant.We'regoingtolookatwhatyoushoulddoifyourapplicationissuccessfulandwhattodoifyou'reaskedtogoforaninterview.Beforewegoanfurther,it'simportanttomakesureyouunderstandwhataninterviewisandwhyit'sarranged.Aninterviewisatalkbetweenanemployerandapotentialemployee.It'ssetupsothattheinterviewercanassesstheintervieweeandseeifheorsheissuitablefortheposition.However,thisisnotaninterview'sonlypuipose.Italsoprovidesanopportunityforthejobcandidatestofindoutmoreaboutthejobandcompany,andtoaskthemselves,‘Isitrightforme’Whenwelookattheinterviewprocess,wecansplititintothreeparts:first,preparation;second,theinterviewitself;andfinally,whatyoushoulddoaftertheinterview.Let'slookatthefirstpart-reparation.Thisisthekeytogettingthejobyouwant,evenifyou'rejustapplyingforapositionasatypist.Findoutasmuchasyoucanaboutthecompany.Mostcompanieshaveawebsitethattellsyoumostthingsyouneedtoknow.Agoodinterviewerisabletotellveryquicklyifyou'vedoneyourhomeworkaboutthecompany,somakesureyouhave!Next,thinkaboutwhattheyaregoingtoaskyou.Thinkaboutsomeofthequestionsyoumightbeaskedandhowtobestanswerthem.Orbetteryet,dopracticeinterviewswithafriend.Thisallowsyoutopreparegoodanswersandmeansyouwon'thavetoanswerquestionsoffthetopofyourheadduringtheinterview.SonowIwantyoutoimaginethatit'sthedayoftheinterview.Don'tworryaboutthehavingbutterfliesinyourstomachbeforetheinterview.Ifyou'vepreparedproperly,you'llfeelconfident.It'snotlikeapainfultriptothedentist,sothere'snoneedtoquakewithfear.Aninterviewisjustaconversationbetweenpeople,butfirstimpressionsareimportant,sogentlemen,makesureyou'veusedyourelectricshaverorrazortogiveyourselfagoodshavethatmorning.Bothmenandwomencouldputsomestylingwaxintheirhair,andwomencanputsomehairpinsintheirstokeeptheirhairneatandtidy.It'salsoveryimportantthatyouwearsmartclothesthatmakeyoufeelconfident.Yourinterviewmightlastforthirtyminutesormore,buttheinterviewerwillbegintojudgeyouassoonasheorsheseesyou.Wearingapairofshortsandavestisdefinitelynotacceptablewhenyou'regoingforaninterview!Whenyouarriveforyourinterview,makesureyouareontime,orevenalittlebitearly.Arrivinglateforaninterviewisoneoftheworstthingsyoucando.Theinterviewrwillnotlistentoyourexplanationabouthowhadthetrafficwasattheroundabout;there'sneveragoodexcuseforbeinglate.Ever.Youshouldalsousebodylanguagetoexpressyourself.Nodyourheadwhenyouagreewithsomethingorwagyourheadwhenyoudon't.Keepyourbackstraightanddon'tmovearoundtoomuch.Otherwise,theinterviewmightthinkthatyou'renervousoruncomfortable.Listencloselytothequestionstheinterviewerasksandanswerthemcarefully.Anddon'tforgetthataninterviewisachanceforyoutolearnmoreaboutthejob,thecompanyandthepeoplewhoworkthere.Askingquestionswillshowthatyou'reinterestedinthejob.We'realmostfinishednow,butdon'tthinkthatthere'snothingelseyoucandooncetheinterviewisover.Youshouldfollowitupbywritingtothecompanyandthankingthemforgivingyoutheinterview.Thisisnotonlyagestureopoliteness,butalsoafinalchancetosellyourselftothecompany.Itcanalsogiveyoutheedgeoverothercandidates,soremembertocheckyourspelling,punctuationandgrammar.IfyoufollowtheadviceI'vegivenyoutoday,landinganinterviewshouldbeaseasyaspie.Iwishyouallthebestingettingthejobyouwant.Goodluck!Readingstrategy:understandingincompletesentencesusedforemphasisIncompletesentencesarethosesentencesmissingasubject(noun),apredicate(verb)orboth,asisthecasewhenasentencebeginswithaconjunctionlikeand,or,soandbut.Ingeneral,incompletesentencesaretobeavoidedbecausetheyaregrammaticallyincorrect.However,sometimesanincompletesentencecanbeusedinapassagetoemphasizeanimportantpoint,e.g.‘Orbetteryet,dopracticeinterviewswithafriend.’Thetransitiontoanincompletesentenceisnotasmoothone,andthisalsohelpsbringreaders'attentiontoit:‘SohowIwantyoutoimaginethatit'sthedayoftheinterview.’Recognizingincompletesentencescanhelpusidentifytheimportantpointsofapassage,aswellastheorganizationofitasawhole.ProjectPlanningagapyearMostyoungpeoplewhowanttogouniversitywillgoassoonastheygraduatefromhighschool,butitthisthebestthingtodoIfyouhadthechancetotakeayearoffbetweenleavingschoolandgoingtouniversity,wouldyoudoitDoyouthinkthiswouldhelpyougetabetterjobonceyoufinishedyourstudiesA.ReadthefollowingmagazinearticleaboutBritishstudentswhotakeagapyear.Itwillhelpyouprepareforyourproject.MindthegapTraditionally,astudentleavingschoolateighteenwouldgostraighttouniversityandstudyforthreeorfouryearsbeforejoiningtheworldofworkandbeginningtheslowclimbupthecareerladder.However,thisyear,likelastyearandtheyearbefore,thousandsofyoungpeoplewilltraveltoeverypointofthecompassandworkonprojectsforuptoayearbeforereturningtotheUKtoenteruniversity.TheycouldworkasanEnglishteacherinVietnamorperhapsevenworkinanaturereserveprotectingkangaroosinAustraliaorzebrasinAfrica.Infact,theseyoungpeoplecannowbefoundnearlyeverywhereintheworldexcepttheAntarctic.Thisyearoffbetweenfinishingschoolandstartinguniversityisknownasagapyear.Itismorethenjustalongholiday.TheBritishgovernmentisnowprovidingfundstosomeyoungpeopletohelpthemtakeagapyear.Unitversitiesactivelyencouragestudentstotakeayearoffbeforeenteringuniversity,andmoreandmoreemployerssaytheyprefertohiregraduateswhohavetakenagapyearratherthanthosewhostayintheeducationsystemandgostraightfromschooltouniversity.Thereasonforthispreferenceissimple.Agapyeargivesyoungpeopleanopportunitytolearnskillsandgainlifeexperience,whichschooloruniversitycannotprovide.Ithelpsyoungpeopledevelopandgrow.Lastyear,CarolSmithwentfromtheUKtoBrazil,wheresheworkedonaprojecttohelpsavetheAmazonrainforest.Shesaid,‘MyfriendsalwaysthoughtIwastoodelicate,butlivingawayfromhomeinsucharemoteplacetaughtmetobemoreindependent.Ofcourse,Imissedhomeandonlygotlettersthroughairmail,butI'ddefinitelyrecommendit,IfeellikeIreallymadeadifferenceandhelpedconservetherainforest.’Anotherstudentwhochosetotakeagapyear,DanielJones,spentoneyearteachinginGhanabeforeretuningtotheUK.HetaughtEnglishandmathstopoorstudentsfromruralareas.Hefoundlivingamonglocalpeopletheretobechallengingbutrewarding.‘Familiestherearesopoorthattheydidn'tevenhavebasicthingslikerefrigeratorsorkettles.Infact,theydidn'thaveanyelectricity.Atnight,wecouldn'tjusthitalightswitch;wehadtouseaflashlightoranoldoillanterntogiveussomelight.Afterlivinginsuchconditions,nowIfeelI'mreadytofacechallengesinthefuture.’MartinJohnsonisfromtheUKandhelpedbuildaschoolinapoorpartofIndia.Hesaidhewantedtolearnhowtodealwithdifficultsituations.Explaininghowtheymademostoftheschool'sfurniture,hesaid,‘Wehadsomewood,nails,hammers,afewspadesandalotofhard-workingpeople.’Martinsaidhehadlearntalotbyworkingwiththelocalpeople,‘Ihelpedpeopleharvesttheircropsbeforetheyrotted,whichwassomethingIhadneverdonebefore.Itwasveryspecial,beingpartofanotherculture.’Formanystudents,agapyearteachesthemhowtoworkwithagroupofstrangersandhowtolookafterthemselveswithoutthehelpoffamilyorfriends.Theseareexactlythesortofskillsemployersarelookingfor.Nowadays,theyexpectyoungpeopletohavemorethanjustacademicqualifications.MrBiggins,theCEOofamajorfinancecompany,welcomestheextraexperiencethatagapyearcanbringtograduatetrainees.‘Weusuallyfindthatsutdentwhohavebeenonagapyeararemorecapableofworkingindependently,andtheytendtoworkbetterwithcolleaguesfromdifferentbackgrounds.’Itisnowwidelyacceptedthatagapyearismorethanjustayearawayfromstudying.Itisatimeforpersonalgrowthanddevelopment,learningnewskillsandseeinglifeinadifferentway.Whenstudentsstartuniversity,theyareenthusiasticandverymotivated.Aswellashavingagoodtimeandmakingnewfriends,doingagapyearmaygivestudentsanedgeinthejobmarket.B.Yourgroupisnowgoingtotalkaboutthebenefitsofagapyear.Youarethengoingtowriteanessayaboutwhatyouthinkofgoingonagapyear,whereyouwouldgoandwhatyouwoulddo.Thequestionsbelowwillhelpyouprepareforthisessay.1.DoyouthinktakingagapyearisagoodideaWhyorwhynot

2.DoyouthinkthereareanynegativeaspectstotakingagapyearIfso,whatarethey

3.Ifyoucouldgoonagapyear,wouldyoudoit?4.Whatwouldyouneedtodotoprapareforagapyear?

5.WhatsortofhelpwouldyouneedWherewouldyoufindthishelp6.WherewouldyouliketogoWhy

7.WhatsortofprojectwouldyouliketodoWhy

8.DoyouthinkthiswouldhaveapositiveeffectonyourfuturecareerWhyorwhynot

Unit3ThesecretofsuccessReadingA.Readtheradiotranscriptquicklyandanswerthefollowingquestions1.WhenwasCliveSinclairborn?2.WhatwasClive'sfirstjob?3.WhatsociteywasClivechairmanof?B.LiChengisdoingaprojectaboutthesecretofsuccess.Readthetranscriptofaradioprogrammehehasheardaboutasucceccfulperson.SirCliveSinclair-----themanwhobroughttechnologytothemaninstreetToday'sprogrammeisaboutSirCliveSinclair,thefamousBritishbusinessmanandinventor.SinclairwasborninSurrey,England,on30July1940.Hespentmuchofhischildhoodwithhisgrandfatherandfather,whowerebothengineers.Asaresult,hebegandesigningandmakingthingswhenhewasveryyoung.Asachild,Sinclairinventedthecalculatorandwassaddenedtodiscoverthatithadalrealdybeeninvented.Sinlairwasblessedwithbrainsandspentmuchofhistimeeducatinghimself.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,histeacherssaidthathewasalreadysogoodatgeometry,algebraandarithmeticthattheycouldnotteachhimanymoremaths.Hestudiedatseveralhighschoolsandcollegesandeventuallydecidedthatuniversitywouldteachhimnothingnew.Therefore,attheageof17,hegotajobasanassistanteditorforamagazinecalledPracticalWireless.In1961,Sinclairregisteredhisowncompany,whichwasgoingtoproducepocket-sizedradios.Unfortunately,hisfinancialparterwithdrewandthecompanyfolded,soSinclairquicklyfoundhimselfajobasatechnicaleditortosupporthimself.Ayearlater,herestartedhiscompanythathadearlierfolded.Sinclair'sbigpicturewastoproduceinbulkandtosellcheaplysothateveryonecoudaffordelectronicgoods.Assoonasheadvertised,thecompanywasfoodedwithdemandsforthelittle,cubic-shapedradios.Thepocket-sizedradiosarejustoneexamplethatshowshowtalentedSinclairwasatmakinglittlethings.Healsolaunchedtheworld'sfirstpocketcalculatorin1962,thefirstdigitalwatchin1976andthefirstpocketTVthefollowingyear.Anewyearslater,inJanuary1980,SinclairshowedofftheZX80computerataboothinanexhibitionatWembleyStadium.Thecomputercostlessthan￡100.Beforethis,onlyonecompanyhadlaunchedahomecomputerat￡700each,whichwasveryexpensiveatthattime.Bytheendofeightmonths,Sinclairhadsoldmorethan20,000ZX80computers,makingtiarealhit.Thecompanyexpandedrapidly,andheevenhadtoopenanewcentreintheUSAtocopewiththeincreaseddemand.SinclairthenintorducedtheZXSpectrumcomputerin1982.Althoughmarketedasacomputerthatcouldbeusedtohelpcomputerprogramming,themainadvantageofthiscomputerwasthatitwasgoodforplayingcomputergameson.Duringthe1980s,SinclairfirststudiedEconomicsatCambridgeUniversityandthentaughtElectronicEngineeringatdifferentuniversities.However,duringthattime,hiscareerunderwentadownwardslideafterhelaunchedtheSinclairC5car.Thissmallthree-wheeled,battery-poweredcardidnotneedatankfilledwithgallonsofpetrolforenergylikemostvehicles,andsotiwasbetterfortheenvironment.Unfortunately,itlookedabitunusual,beingverysmallandhavingastrangeovalfront.Sinclair'snewinventionwaslaughedatinthenewspaper,anditwasshowninpicturesnexttoacaptioncallingita‘washingmachineonwheels’.Sinclair'sreputationsufferedasaresult,butheisstillrespectedforhisearliersuccess.Sinclairhasbeenaninventorandabusinessman,andhewasalsochairmanofBritishMensa(theHighIQSociety)from1980to1997.Mensaisasocietyforbrightpeople,anditaimstocreateaplatformforthesepeopletosharetheirthoughtsandideas.WhenSinclairjoinedin1959,menbershipwasfalling,andthesociteywasonitslastlegs.SinclairuesedhisfametomakeMensaanorganizationpeoplerespectedandwantedtojoin.HeadvertisedwidelyandpersonallypaidforanannualMensaconferenceatCambridge.Mensa'smembershipfiguresboomedunderhisleadership.Hisleadershipskillsandstrengthofpersonalitymadethesocietyanincrediblywell-knownorganization.Sinclairhasbeensuccessfulbecausehepossessedacombinationofintelligenceanddeterminationthatallowedhimtorealizehisdreamofmakingelectronicgoodsavailabletoeveryone.Hewashonouredin1983withaknighthoodfromtheQueenofEnglandinrecognitionofhiseffortsandachievements.Sinclairhashadafullandinterestinglife,andIhopethatyouhaveenjoyedhisstoryintoday'sprogramme.Readingstrategy:understandingsub-topicsWhenreadinganarticleoranessay,itisimportanttorealizethatthetextfocusesononemaintopicontheme.However,withinthetext,thereareusuallymanydifferentparagraphsinwhichsub-topicsareexplored.Thesesub-topicsrelatetothemaintopic,buteachfocusesononespecificidea.Eachsub-topicissupportedbyexamplessuchasfacts,figures,datesandreasons.ThemaintopicofthearticleisSirCliveSinclair'slifeandinventions.Thesub-topicsdealwithdifferentaspectsofthismaintopic.Forexample,thethirdparagraphofthistexthasthetopicsentence‘Clivewasverytalentedatmakinglittlethings’,anditissupportedbyexamplesofhisinventionofminiaturethings:pocketcalculator,digitalwatchandpocketTV.Wesometimesdonotrealizewhatasub-topicisuntilwereadthesupportingexample.ProjectWritingandmakingaspeechBeingasuccessfulindividualdoesnotjustmeanyouhaveachievedfameandfortune.Youdonothavetoberichorfamoustobesuccessful.Therearemanysuccessfulpeopleintheworldwhohaveachievedadifferentkindofsuccess.A.ReadthefollowingtranscriptofaspeechwhichcamefirstataFahter'sDaySpeechCompetition.Itwillhelpyouwhenyouprepareyourspeechaboutasuccessfulpersonyouadmire.Myfather,myheroIconsidermyfathertobethemostimportantpersoninmylife.Thisisnotbecauseheisfamousorwealthy.Wedonothaveabigcar,andtherearenoold,expensivevasesorpaintingsinourhouse.Rather,whatIvalueaboutmyfatheristhecareandlovetheshowsformeandmyfamily.Whatmakesmyfatherhappyisbeingabletoputaloafofbreadonthetable,beddingandquiltsonourbedsandroofoverourheads.Myfathermightworkhard,butheisalwaysthereforus.WheneverItriponthematorcarpetorhurtmyselfplayingsports,he'stheretopickmeup.MybrotherandIgrewupwithhisconstantcareandthefunnynurseryrhymesandstorieshetoldus.Myfather'sfamilycametitheUSAfromChina,andtheywerequitepoorwhenhewasachild.Heoncetoldmehismomusedpinstoholdhisshirttogetherwhenhewenttoschool.Whenhewasonlyfourteenyearsold,hehadtoleaveschoolandstartworkingbecausemygrandfatherdied,leavingnomoneyandabigfamilybehind.Ifhehadnotworked,therewouldhavebeennoonetosupportthefamily.Whenmymotherandfathergotmarried,theydidnothavemuchmoney.Thesituationgotworsewhentheyhadchildren.Whenwewereveryyoung,myfatherhadanextrajobasaporter,andhealsomoppedthefloorofahoteleverynightsothathecouldgiveusaspecialtreatoravacation.Atthestartoflastyear,myfatherbeganputtingatleastfiftycentseverydayintoajaronashelfinhisbedroom.Weallwonderedwhathewassavingthemoneyfor,buttherefusedtotellus.Then,inDecember,Inoticedthatthejarwasempty.Thatevening,myfathercamehomewithsomegreatChristmaspresent,includingcandy,balloonsandahugehenforourChristmaspresents,includingcandy,balloonsandahugehenforourChristmasdinner.Itwasthebes