住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

人們要想得到工作的勝利即得到預(yù)想的結(jié)果，一定要使自己的思想符合于客觀外界的規(guī)律性，如果不符合，就會(huì)在實(shí)踐中失敗。人們經(jīng)過失敗之后，也就從失敗中取得教訓(xùn)，改正自己的思想使之符合外界的規(guī)律性，人們就能變失敗為勝利，所謂“失敗乃成功之母”，“吃一塹長(zhǎng)一智”，就是這個(gè)道理。

【答案】Ifyouwanttobesuccessfulinyourworkasyouexpected,youmustmakeyourthoughtsconformtoobjectiveobjectslawsoftheworld.Ifnot,youwouldbefailinpractice.Afterexperiencingfailure,youwouldlearnlessonsfromfailureandadjustyourthoughtstoobjectivelaws.Youcanturnfailureintovictory,whichiscalled“failureisthemotherofsuccess”and“afallintoapit,againinyourwit”.

2.問答題

Themost(A)acutechallenges(B)facingthefuturearelikelytobenotonlythosepittingmanagainsthisfellowman,butthose(C)involvedhumankind’sstruggletopreservetheenvironmentandensurethe(D)sustainabilityoflifeonearth.

【答案】C；“involved”改為“involving”。

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：未來(lái)面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)可能不僅是人與人之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且是涉及到人類努力保護(hù)環(huán)境和確保地球上生命的可持續(xù)性的挑戰(zhàn)。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”，“involved”過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)，而“those”和“involve”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以將“involved”改為“involving”。

3.單選題

（

）findoutwhothemurdererwas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyou’ll

B.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyouwon’t

C.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyouwill

D.Untilthelastpageofthebookwillyou

【答案】D

【解析】考查部分倒裝。當(dāng)until，notuntil位于句首時(shí)，主句要部分到賬，即將助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)前。

句意：直到讀到這本書的最后一頁(yè)，你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)誰(shuí)是兇手。

4.單選題

Forplayersofonlinerole-playinggamessuchasEverQuestandWorldofWarcraft,battlingmonstersandamassingtreasureisanenjoyableformofescapism.Yettherealandvirtualworldsareincreasinglyintertwined.Formanyyears,gameitemssuchasswordsorgoldhavebeentradedonline:virtualobjectsaresoldforrealmoneytothetuneofatleast$100millionayear.Butthelinksbetweenrealandvirtualeconomiesarenowbecomingfarmoreelaborate.

Lastmonth,aProjectEntropiaplayerpaidthegame’screators$26,500foranislandinthegame’svirtualworld.(Hehopestorecoupthemoneythroughtheminingandsellingplotstootherplayers.)Thismonth,anUltimaOnlineplayersetupaschemetoletplayasdonateitemsandcurrencyfortsunamirelief.Currencyexchangesevenallowgamerstomovefundsfromonegametoanother.

Noteveryoneapproves:somegamesbanthesaleofgameitems,afewencourageit,butmostturnablindeye.ButthesaleoftheProjectEntropiaisland,andthepopularityofWorldofWarcraft,agamewhichbansthesaleofin-gameitems,highlightanemergingsplit,saysEdwardCastronova,anexpertonvirtualeconomiesatIndianaUniversity.ProjectEntropiaanditssortareintendedtobealternativerealities,oftenwithastronglibertarianandfree-tradebent.WorldofWarcraftandothersimilargames,incontrast,arefantasieswithastrongsenseoffairplayinwhichstatusmustbeearnedaspartofrags-to-richesstoryline—sotradeingameitemsisdeemedtobeagainsttherules.

Suchbansareimpossibletoenforce.ButWorldofWarcraftisdesignedtomaketradinglessappealing,intwoways.Thefirstisbyimprovingthegamedesign.Iftheearlystagesofagamearetedious,playersaremoreinclinedtoskipthembybuyingratherthanearningin-gameitems.WorldofWarcraftisfunrightfromthestart,whichseemstohavereduceddemandforin-gameitemsoneBay.Tradingcanalsobeasymptomofmismanagementofthein-game’seconomy.Inflationisrampantinmostgames,duetotheconventionthatkillingamonsteryieldsamonetaryreward;risingpricesthenfuelreal-worldtrading.Hutnewergameshavemorecontroloverthemoneysupply,whichseemstoreducesuchtrading.

Normally,thisnewspaper’sdevotiontofreetradeisunwavering.Yet,curbingthetradeofin-gameitemsisdefensible,sincegameeconomiesarcruntomaximizefun,notefficiency.Whilewritinghisforthcomingbook,SyntheticWorlds,Mr.C'astronovahasbeenponderingwhetherrealeconomiescouldberunforfuntoo.“Wouldn'tthattiptheeconomicstextsontheirbeads?”hemuses.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossibilityinonlinegaming?

2.Aplayerboughtanislandinanonlinegame（）.

3.AccordingtoPara.3,mostoftheonlinegameswhichhaveaneconomicaspect（）.

4.AccordingtoPara.4,howcanimprovedonlinegamedesignreducethetradeinonlinegame

items?

5.Whichofthefollowingcomesclosesttothenewspaper’sattitudetotradingonlinegameitems?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sellingonlinegamingitemsforrealmoney.

B.Exchangingthecurrencyusedinoneonlinegameforthatusedinanother

C.Donatingmoneytocharity.

D.Payingotheronlinegameplayerstokillmonstersforyou.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sothathecouldhavehisownprivateplacetoenjoyonlinegamingwithoutinterferencefromotherplayers

B.sothathecouldconductonlinebusinessusingtheresourcesavailableontheisland

C.sothathecouldcreatehisownalternativeonlinereality

D.becausehewantedtomaximizehisonlineentertainment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aresimilartoProjectEntropia

B.aresimilartoWorldofWarcraft

C.placeineffectualbansonthetradingofonlinegameitems

D.neitherencouragenorbanthetradingofonlinegameitems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thedesignerscanpreventonlinetransactions,suchasthoseateBay.

B.Thedesignerscanmakeitinterestingtoplaythegame’slowerlevels.

C.Thedesignerscanhireeconomiststoadviseonmanagingthegame’seconomy.

D.Thedesignerscanincreasethesupplyoftheonlinecurrencyusedinthegame.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thenewspaperconsidersittobeeconomicallycorrect.

B.Thenewspaperbelievesthatitwouldbegoodtoapplythesystemtotherealworld.

C.Thenewspaperthinksthatonlinegamesareprimarilyforfun,sothereshouldberestrictionsonit.

D.Thenewspaperbelievesthatonlinegamesshouldbefreetomaketheirowndecisionsontheissue.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Lastmonth,aProjectEntropiaplayerpaidthegame’screators$26,500foranislandinthegame’svirtualworld.(Hehopestorecoupthemoneythroughtheminingandsellingplotstootherplayers.)Thismonth,anUltimaOnlineplayersetupaschemetoletplayasdonateitemsandcurrencyfortsunamirelief.Currencyexchangesevenallowgamerstomovefundsfromonegametoanother.上個(gè)月，ProjectEntropia的一名玩家向游戲開發(fā)者支付了2.65萬(wàn)美元，購(gòu)買了虛擬世界中的一座島嶼。(他希望通過開礦和賣地給其他玩家來(lái)收回這筆錢。)本月，一位名叫Ultima的在線玩家設(shè)立了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，讓playas為海嘯救災(zāi)捐贈(zèng)物品和貨幣。貨幣兌換甚至允許玩家將資金從一個(gè)游戲轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)游戲。”可知在線游戲能夠捐獻(xiàn)資金給慈善事業(yè)，還可以賣掉游戲中的物品來(lái)?yè)Q取錢，還可以兌換貨幣。故ABC三項(xiàng)在文中都有提及。答案D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Lastmonth,aProjectEntropiaplayerpaidthegame’screators$26,500foranislandinthegame’svirtualworld.(Hehopestorecoupthemoneythroughtheminingandsellingplotstootherplayers.)上個(gè)月，ProjectEntropia的一名玩家向游戲開發(fā)者支付了2.65萬(wàn)美元，購(gòu)買了虛擬世界中的一座島嶼。(他希望通過開礦和賣地給其他玩家來(lái)收回這筆錢。)可知這名玩家想通過他買到的島嶼上的物品在網(wǎng)上做生意。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Noteveryoneapproves:somegamesbanthesaleofgameitems,afewencourageit,butmostturnablindeye.并不是所有人都贊成:一些游戲禁止銷售游戲產(chǎn)品，一些鼓勵(lì)銷售，但大多數(shù)都視而不見。”可知大多數(shù)游戲在銷售游戲產(chǎn)品問題上持中立態(tài)度，故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Iftheearlystagesofagamearetedious,playersaremoreinclinedtoskipthembybuyingratherthanearningin-gameitems.WorldofWarcraftisfunrightfromthestart,whichseemstohavereduceddemandforin-gameitemsoneBay.如果游戲的早期階段很乏味，玩家會(huì)更傾向于通過購(gòu)買而不是賺取游戲中的物品來(lái)跳過這些階段?！赌ЙF世界》從一開始就很有趣，這似乎降低了eBay上對(duì)游戲內(nèi)置物品的需求?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)師可以讓游戲的低級(jí)別變得有趣。”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Yet,curbingthetradeofin-gameitemsisdefensible,sincegameeconomiesarcruntomaximizefun,notefficiency.然而，限制游戲內(nèi)物品的交易是有道理的，因?yàn)橛螒蚪?jīng)濟(jì)是為了最大化樂趣，而不是效率?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

Monetarypolicy

Itiswellknownthattherehasneverbeenaboomthatisnotlinkedwithexcessivemoneysupply.Easymonetarypoliciesconsistentlyleadtoboomsandthentobustssimplybecausetheyreduceinterestrates,thecostofborrowing,forboth(naive/noisy)investorsandgovernmentsthat,inrum,raiseprivate(i.e.durablegoods,realestate)andgovernmentspendingbeyondtheirabilitytomeettheirdebtobligations.

Thepracticeofexpansionarymonetarypolicyleadstocapitalmisallocationasitfavorsshort-termspendingattheexpenseoflong-termspending(investinglessinlong-termprojects).Thatis,itcreatesasavings-investmentgapthatreducesthecapitalformationrequiredfortheeconomytogrow,whichrendersahighfractionofitsexistingcapitalstockobsolete.Thislowinterestratepolicy,anoutcomeofquantitativeeasing,inTurn,hasanadverse,effectonproductivityforcingcapitaltomigrateinforeign/emergingmarketsinordertorealizehigherreturns.Inotherwords,excessivemoneysupplyfailstoincreaserealeconomicactivitybecauseitraisesthelaborcostwhileitlowersthecostofcapital.Depressingyieldsathome,asaresultofquantitativeeasing,inanopeneconomysetting,leadsyield-seekinginvestorsintohigher-riskinvestmentssuchasemergingmarkets.

【答案】貨幣政策

眾所周知，從來(lái)沒有一次經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮不與過渡發(fā)行貨幣有關(guān)。寬松的貨幣政策總是會(huì)先促使經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，但最后導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退——因?yàn)槔式档停蜑椋ㄌ煺?聒噪）投資者和政府節(jié)省了借貸的成本，而反過來(lái)促進(jìn)他們會(huì)以超出能力之外的水平來(lái)擴(kuò)大個(gè)人（比如耐用品、房地產(chǎn)）和政府的消費(fèi)，以此滿足債券的發(fā)行。

擴(kuò)張性的貨幣政策會(huì)導(dǎo)致資本的配置不當(dāng)，因?yàn)樗鼉A向于短期支出，而犧牲長(zhǎng)期支出(減少對(duì)長(zhǎng)期項(xiàng)目的投資)。也就是說(shuō)，擴(kuò)張性的貨幣政策會(huì)產(chǎn)生儲(chǔ)蓄-投資之間的鴻溝，繼而減少經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)所需要的資本積累，這呈現(xiàn)出既有的資本存放過時(shí)的信息。作為量化寬松的結(jié)果，低利率政策反過來(lái)對(duì)生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生反作用力，迫使資本遷入國(guó)外/新興市場(chǎng)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的回報(bào)。換句話說(shuō)，過度發(fā)行貨幣不能增加真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)活力，因?yàn)樗鲩L(zhǎng)了勞動(dòng)力成本而降低了資本成本。在一個(gè)開放的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，量化寬松的另一結(jié)果是國(guó)內(nèi)的效益不佳，導(dǎo)致尋求效益投資者進(jìn)入高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，比如新興市場(chǎng)。

6.問答題

FromitsorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthroughtheeighteenthand

A

B

nineteenthcentury,becomingenormouslypopularintheUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.In

C

D

1920sand1930sespecially,thislivelyformofillustrationappearedinnewspapersandmagazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thecaricaturistsinthiseradrewtheirportraitsofimportantfiguresprimarilytoentertain.

【答案】試題答案：C;countries

【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。由“theeighteenthandnineteenth（十八世紀(jì)和十九世紀(jì)）可知此處對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式”，country的復(fù)數(shù)形式為countries。

7.單選題

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketwhich

A

B

C

dealersinbills,notesandotherformsofshort-termcreditcanbuyandsell.

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofitsown

B.somekind

C.which

D.short-termcredit

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞搭配。原句應(yīng)為dealerscanbuyandsellin，需要將介詞in提前，由“in+which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

試題答案：C;inwhich

8.單選題

Nowonderthatman’sgreatdreamhasbeensomedaytocontroltheweather.Thefirststep

A

B

towardcontrolis,ofcourse,knowledge,andscientistshavebeenhardatworkforyearstrying

C

tokeeptrackfortheweather.

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nowonder

B.man’s

C.hardatwork

D.keeptrackfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeptrackof意為“了解，記錄，保持聯(lián)系”。

試題答案：D;keeptrackof

9.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingproblems,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-to-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Iscnberg'srecentresearchonseniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontoby-passin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isindispensablefromacting.Sincemangersoften“know”whatrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actioncycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

GiventhegreatUncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/issuecyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theclassicalmodelofdecisionanalysisincludesallofthefollowing

EXCEPT（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

to（）.

3.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabout“writersonmanagement"mentionedinthe

Para.2?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifies“an‘Aha’experience"asitispresentedinthePara.2?

5.Thepassageprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.creationofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

B.establishmentofcleargoalstobereachedbythedecision

C.comparisonoftheprobableeffectsofdifferentsolutionstoaproblem

D.actionundertakeninordertodiscovermoreinformationaboutaproblem

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.identifyaproblem

B.stipulatecleargoals

C.evaluatepossiblesolutionstoaproblem

D.speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusiononwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.?

C.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

D.Theyhavenotacknowledgedtheroleofintuitioninmanagerialpractice.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Amanagerperformswell-learnedandfamiliarbehaviorpatternsincreativeanduncharacteristicwaystosolveaproblem.

B.Amanagerriskstakinganactionwhoseoutcomeisunpredictabletodiscoverwhethertheactionchangestheproblemathand.

C.Amanagerswiftlydecideswhichofseveralsetsoftacticstoimplementinordertodealwiththecontingenciessuggestedbyaproblem.

D.Amanagersuddenlyconnectsseeminglyunrelatedfactsandexperiencestocreateapatternrelevanttotheproblemathand.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Managerssometimescannotjustifytheirintuitiveactions.

B.Logicalanalysisofaproblemincreasesthenumberofpossiblesolutions.

C.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

D.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingproblems,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.多數(shù)成功的高級(jí)管理人員并沒有嚴(yán)格遵循經(jīng)典的決策分析模型，即首先明確目標(biāo)，評(píng)估問題，制定選擇，估計(jì)成功的可能性，做出決定，然后采取行動(dòng)執(zhí)行決定?！笨芍狝BC三項(xiàng)均為經(jīng)典決策分析法，D項(xiàng)“為發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)問題的更多信息而采取的行動(dòng)”屬于高級(jí)管理人員運(yùn)用直覺分析的方法。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Rather,intheirday-to-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.相反，在他們?nèi)粘５膽?zhàn)術(shù)演習(xí)中，這些高級(jí)管理人員依靠被模糊地稱為“直覺”的東西來(lái)管理一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的問題網(wǎng)絡(luò)，要求他們處理模棱兩可、不一致、新奇和驚奇;并將行動(dòng)融入到思考的過程中?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“制定清晰的目標(biāo)”不是高級(jí)管理人員運(yùn)用直覺的目的。”正確。ACD三項(xiàng)在文中都有體現(xiàn)。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.幾代管理方面的作家都認(rèn)識(shí)到，一些實(shí)踐中的管理者嚴(yán)重依賴直覺。然而，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這些作家對(duì)直覺的理解很差?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“他們誤解了管理者在做商業(yè)決策時(shí)是如何使用直覺的?！闭_。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.直覺的第三個(gè)功能是將孤立的數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)踐整合成一個(gè)完整的畫面，通常是“啊哈!”經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！笨芍狝ha經(jīng)驗(yàn)就是將孤立的數(shù)據(jù)整合成一個(gè)完整的畫面。故D項(xiàng)“一位經(jīng)理突然將看似不相關(guān)的事實(shí)和經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來(lái)，從而創(chuàng)造出與手頭問題相關(guān)的模式?！闭_。

5.推理判斷題。由第二段“First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.首先，他們直覺地感覺到問題的存在。第二，管理者依靠直覺快速地執(zhí)行經(jīng)過良好學(xué)習(xí)的行為模式。這種直覺不是武斷的或非理性的，而是建立在多年艱苦的實(shí)踐和建立技能的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上。”可知C項(xiàng)“直覺使管理者更有效地運(yùn)用他們的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！闭_。

10.單選題

Threecenturiesago,aDutchmathematiciannamedChristianHuygensinventedanewreligion.Hedidn’tmeanto.Allhedidwastobuildapendulumclockthatallowedpeople,forthefirsttimeinhistory,tokeeptrackofhoursandminutesaccurately.Yes,itwillgetalotofattentionaroundtheglobeonNewYear’sEve,butthatistheexception.Manyculturesstillmarchtodifferentdrummers.TimeseemstomovefasterinFrankfurtthaninSanSalvador.MonksinBurmaknowitistimetogetupwhenthereisenoughlighttoseetheveinsintheirhands,andshowingupontimeiscauseforridiculeinMexico.

RobertLevineandhisresearchersvisitedcitiesaroundtheworldtomeasuretheaccuracyofpublicclocksandtotimehowlongittakesdowntownpedestrianstowalk60feetandpostalclerkstosellastamp.

InSwitzerland,clocksaresloworfastbyanaverageofjust19seconds.InBrazil,onemanwasmorethanthreehoursoffwhenhetoldLevineitwas“exactly2:14.”AtthecentralpostofficeinJakarta,Levinewassentoutsidetostreetvendors.

MuchoftheworldlivesonwhatLevinecallseventtime.InParis,youmightsetabusinessmeetingfor3p.m,butinBurundi,youmightagreetomeetwhenthecowsreturnfromthewateringhole.InMadagascar,ifyouaskhowlongittakestogettothenearestmarket,yougetananswerlikethetimeittakestocookrice.

Ifthatsoundsappealing,don’tbetoohastytomoveabroad.Clockaddictionistoughtobreak.Learninganewpaceoflifeislikemasteringaforeignlanguage.Andtherearedrawbackstotimelessliving.Youmightbeabletoshowupforworkatyourconvenience.Butyoucouldspendadayormorewaitingtomakeatelephonecall.YoufeelslightedintheUnitedStatesifyourlunchdatenevershows,butinKenya,aperfectlyreasonableexcuseisthatonthewaytomeetyou,heranintoafriendanddecidedtojoinhimforlunchinstead.

LevineseemstothinkthattheWestisbecomingmoredevotedtotheclockwitheachpassingminute.

Anewatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwon’tbeoffbymorethanasecondamillionyearsfromnow.Andclockworshipappearstobespreadingtothedevelopingworld，wherevendorshawkwatchesoncitystreets.

Butoftentheyaresellingprestigeratherthanpunctuality.Onsomeoftheirwatches,thehandsdon’tmove.

1.Whichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutclockisexpressedinthepassage?

2.TheauthorquotestheexamplethatclocksinSwitzerlandaresloworfastbyanaverageofjust19secondswhileinBrazil,onemanwasmorethanthreehoursoffinordertoimply（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.IntheWest,peopletendtodothings（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasinventedinthesixteenthcentury.

B.Inmoderntimes,clockisindispensabletopeople’slives.

C.Theprevalenceoftheclockwasbeyondtheexpectationoftheinventor.

D.Whilemovingabroad,peoplewillgiveupclockandadaptthemselvestotimelessliving.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.clocksaremoreaccurateinSwitzerlandthaninBrazil

B.clocksmadeinSwitzerlandaremuchbetterinqualitythanthoseinBrazil

C.timemovesfasterinSwitzerlandthaninBrazil

D.peopleinSwitzerlandhavestrongersenseoftimethanBrazilians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplefromthedevelopingworldbegintoregardbeingontimeasveryimportant.

B.ThepaceoflifeinJakartaiscomparativelyslow.

C.InMexico,peoplewillbelaughedatiftheyareontime.

D.PeopleinBurmadothingsaccordingtotheeventtime.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.accordingtoclocktime

B.accordingtoeventtime

C.attheirconvenience

D.withnoregardtotime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“assumptionsaboutclock”定位到文章第一段“Allhedidwastobuildapendulumclockthatallowedpeople,forthefirsttimeinhistory,tokeeptrackofhoursandminutesaccurately.Yes,itwillgetalotofattentionaroundtheglobeonNewYear’sEve,butthatistheexception.”可知他只是建造了一個(gè)鐘擺鐘，使人們有史以來(lái)第一次能夠準(zhǔn)確地記錄小時(shí)和分鐘。在除夕夜，它會(huì)得到全世界的關(guān)注，但這是一件異常的事?？膳袛喑鰰r(shí)鐘的普及和被關(guān)注是發(fā)明者未能預(yù)料的事情，故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Switzerland，Brazil”定位到文章第二段“InSwitzerland,clocksaresloworfastbyanaverageofjust19seconds.InBrazil,onemanwasmorethanthreehoursoffwhenhetoldLevineitwas‘exactly2:14.’”，可知在瑞士，時(shí)鐘的平均快慢只有19秒，而在巴西，有個(gè)人休息了三個(gè)多小時(shí)，但他卻告訴萊文時(shí)間是2:14。下文繼續(xù)列舉了一系列一些例子，體現(xiàn)出不同國(guó)家的時(shí)間觀念?？膳袛喑鲎髡吡信e瑞士和巴西的例子，是為了說(shuō)明瑞士人相比巴西人有更強(qiáng)的時(shí)間觀念。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由A項(xiàng)“developingworld”定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Andclockworshipappearstobespreadingtothedevelopingworld，wherevendorshawkwatchesoncitystreets.”可知，對(duì)鐘表的崇拜似乎正在向發(fā)展中國(guó)家蔓延，在那里，小販們?cè)诔鞘薪值郎隙凳凼直??？膳袛喑霭l(fā)展中國(guó)家的人越來(lái)越崇拜鐘表，時(shí)間觀念也越來(lái)越強(qiáng)。故選項(xiàng)A符合文意，可排除。B項(xiàng)文章沒有提及，可排除。由C項(xiàng)“Mexico”定位到文章第一段“...showingupontimeiscauseforridiculeinMexico.”，可知在墨西哥，準(zhǔn)時(shí)赴約會(huì)遭到人們的嘲笑。故選項(xiàng)C符合文意，可排除。由C項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞“Burma”定位到原文第一段“MonksinBurmaknowitistimetogetupwhenthereisenoughlighttoseetheveinsintheirhands…”可知，對(duì)于緬甸的僧侶們來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)有足夠的光線看到他們手上的血管時(shí)，就該起床了?？膳袛喑鼍挼榈臅r(shí)間觀念并不強(qiáng)，也不是按照某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的時(shí)間來(lái)衡量時(shí)間的。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“West”定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段“LevineseemstothinkthattheWestisbecomingmoredevotedtotheclockwitheachpassingminute.”可知Levine似乎認(rèn)為，隨著時(shí)間的流逝，西方國(guó)家對(duì)時(shí)鐘的關(guān)注越來(lái)越多。第四段中也提及“InParis,youmightsetabusinessmeetingfor3p.m…”在法國(guó)巴黎，你可以把商務(wù)會(huì)議安排在下午三點(diǎn)。可判斷出西方人是非常守時(shí)的，會(huì)按鐘表的時(shí)間來(lái)辦事。故選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectsonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)iscreatinga“greenhouseeffect”—holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.

Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticularmatterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen(thoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely).Perhaps,ifweareverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.

1.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution（

）.

2.Asfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcerned,theauthor

（

）.

3.Theword“offset”inthesecondparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagetha

（

）.

5.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountryside

B.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates

C.haddamagingeffectsonhealth

D.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists

B.isuncertainofitsoccurrence

C.rejectsitasbeingungrounded

D.thinksthatitwilldestroytheworldsoon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.slipinto

B.makeupfor

C.setup

D.catchupwith

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.raisingtheworld’stemperatureonlyafewdegreeswouldnotdomuchharmtolifeonearth.

B.loweringtheworld’stemperaturemerelyafewdegreeswouldleadmanymajorfarmingareastodisaster.

C.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecade.

D.theworld’stemperaturewillremainconstantintheyearstocome.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.greenhouseeffect

B.heburningoffossilfuel

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectsonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.”人們?cè)?jīng)認(rèn)為，空氣污染只會(huì)影響那些有工廠和/或交通嚴(yán)重的大城市周圍的地區(qū)。因此D選項(xiàng)“只存在于城市和工業(yè)區(qū)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Atpresentwedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen.”目前，我們不確定這兩種情況是否會(huì)發(fā)生，可知作者對(duì)溫室效應(yīng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生哪種情況是不確定的，因此選B。

3.詞義題。slipinto意為“滑進(jìn)”；makeupfor意為“補(bǔ)償”；setup意為“建立”；catchupwith意為“追上”。單詞“offset”位于文章第二段最后一句中“Perhaps,ifweareverylucky,thetwotendencieswill（也許，如果我們幸運(yùn)的話，這兩種趨勢(shì)將相互）offseteachotherandtheworl