住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesChinashouldbeincludedinthealliance.

B.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesthejointnavalexercisesin2008posedathreatandthusirritatedChina.

C.BecauseinObama’sAsianpolicy,BeijingoutweighsIndia.

D.BecausetheObamaAdministrationdoesnottakeIndiaasaregionalpowerbutratheranelementinthepursuitofregionalpeace.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.IndiawilllosesupportfromtheU.S.inmanyissuesofitsmajorconcern.

B.Thelong-standingborderdisputesbetweenIndiaandChinawouldnotbesolvedinthenearfuture.

C.IndiawouldfacemoreproblemscrackingdownterrorismsupportedbyPakistan.

D.IndiawouldfeelpowerlessincontainingChina.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AColdWarwouldbreakoutbetweenIndiaandChina.

B.ChinawouldexertherinfluencetoSouthAsiancountries,includingIndia.

C.TheU.S.andChinawouldjointlycontainIndiawhichisanemergingpower.

D.PakistanwouldgetmoresupportfromChinaandtheU.S.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.SomeIndiananalystsareoptimisticabouttheIndian-USrelations.

B.LiketheBushAdministration,theObamaAdministrationtakesbothChinaandIndiaasrisingpowers.

C.TheObamaAdministrationprioritizesAfghanistanandPakistaninitsAsianpolicy.

D.Singh’svisitisto,amongothers,expandtrade,boostintelligenceandcounterterrorismeffortsandnegotiatewiththeObamaAdministrationaboutthefutureroleofIndiainAmericanAsianpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句話“AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.（他們還認(rèn)為，印度在奧巴馬白宮的經(jīng)濟(jì)和地緣政治計(jì)算中的作用正在減弱，至少與它在布什政府的亞洲政策中所享有的中心地位相比是如此。）”，由此可推斷出印度人擔(dān)心被美國(guó)輕視。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬政府意識(shí)到北京正在變得更加大膽”；B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為印度在布什政府中失去了中心地位，奧巴馬進(jìn)一步削弱了它的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬是在試圖進(jìn)一步加劇中國(guó)和印度這兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的地區(qū)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之間的關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)“他們擔(dān)心印度被奧巴馬政府輕視”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“theObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative（奧巴馬政府取消了所謂的四方倡議）”和“Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.（中國(guó)認(rèn)為這一舉措旨在建立一個(gè)安全集團(tuán)來遏制中國(guó)，為了改善與北京的關(guān)系，奧巴馬拒絕推行這一舉措。）”，由此可推斷出奧巴馬放棄四方倡議是因?yàn)榧づ酥袊?guó)。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為，中國(guó)應(yīng)該加入該聯(lián)盟”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為2008年的聯(lián)合海軍演習(xí)對(duì)中國(guó)構(gòu)成了威脅，因此激怒了中國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵趭W巴馬的亞洲政策中，北京比印度重要”；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府不把印度當(dāng)作一個(gè)地區(qū)大國(guó)，而是在追求地區(qū)和平的一個(gè)因素”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.（但是，盡管奧巴馬和他的阿富汗特使理查德?霍爾布魯克敦促印度在克什米爾爭(zhēng)端問題上做出讓步，以幫助華盛頓說服巴基斯坦將更多資源集中在打擊塔利班上，在迫使巴基斯坦打擊以其領(lǐng)土為基地以印度為目標(biāo)的極端組織方面，幾乎沒有采取什么行動(dòng)。）”，由此可推斷出印度和巴基斯坦之間將面臨更多問題。A選項(xiàng)“印度將在其主要關(guān)注的許多問題上失去美國(guó)的支持”；B選項(xiàng)“印度和中國(guó)之間長(zhǎng)期存在的邊界爭(zhēng)端不會(huì)在近期得到解決”；C選項(xiàng)“印度打擊巴基斯坦支持的恐怖主義將面臨更多問題”；D選項(xiàng)“印度將感到無力遏制中國(guó)”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.（這被解讀為美國(guó)接受中國(guó)將南亞和印度的鄰國(guó)視為自己勢(shì)力范圍的一部分。）”，由此可推斷出中國(guó)將會(huì)對(duì)南亞國(guó)家施加影響。A選項(xiàng)“印度和中國(guó)之間將爆發(fā)冷戰(zhàn)”；B選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)將對(duì)南亞國(guó)家施加影響，包括印度”；C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)和中國(guó)將聯(lián)合遏制印度這個(gè)新興大國(guó)”；D選項(xiàng)“巴基斯坦將從中國(guó)和美國(guó)獲得更多支持”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow…butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.（印度現(xiàn)在可能不是最優(yōu)先考慮的國(guó)家……但沒有理由未來不會(huì)。）”，由此可知印度人對(duì)印美未來的關(guān)系仍持樂觀態(tài)度。因此A選項(xiàng)“一些印度分析人士對(duì)印美關(guān)系持樂觀態(tài)度”正確。B選項(xiàng)“和布什政府一樣，奧巴馬政府把中國(guó)和印度都視為正在崛起的大國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“奧巴馬政府在其亞洲政策中優(yōu)先考慮阿富汗和巴基斯坦”；D選項(xiàng)“辛格此行的目的包括擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易、加強(qiáng)情報(bào)工作和反恐努力，以及與奧巴馬政府就印度未來在美國(guó)亞洲政策中所扮演的角色進(jìn)行談判”說法都有誤，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Histrialisfixedfornextweek,buthehasbeenallowedouton（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parole

B.leave

C.bail

D.perjury

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)onparole“被假釋；假釋”；B選項(xiàng)onleave“休假；在休假中；放假”；C選項(xiàng)onbail“保釋；保釋中”；D選項(xiàng)perjury“偽證；偽證罪；背信棄義”，沒有onperjury這個(gè)說法。bail與parole的區(qū)別：在歐美，被告如果沒有逃亡或串供之虞，法官常常裁定保釋，類似于我國(guó)的取保候?qū)?；假釋是指已?jīng)在服刑的犯人，如果服完了最低刑期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)在獄中表現(xiàn)良好，經(jīng)假釋審查委員會(huì)評(píng)估通過，就可以提早出獄。句意：他的審判定在下周，但他已獲準(zhǔn)保釋。

3.單選題

IhadadoptedtwoEuropeanclubsasmyown,watchedtheirgameseveryweekend,wastedworkhoursreadingblogsaboutthem,emotionallyinvestedmyselfintheirtravails.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exertions

B.gritties

C.emulations

D.stretches

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exertion“發(fā)揮；運(yùn)用；努力”；B選項(xiàng)gritty“堅(jiān)韌不拔；多沙”；C選項(xiàng)emulation“仿真（效）（技術(shù)）；模仿（擬）；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；效法”；D選項(xiàng)stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（連續(xù)的）一段時(shí)間；服刑期”。句意：我接納了兩家歐洲俱樂部，每個(gè)周末都觀看他們的比賽，把工作時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在閱讀有關(guān)他們的博客上，全身心地投入到他們的苦戰(zhàn)中。travail“艱苦勞動(dòng)；煎熬，痛苦，艱辛”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ididn’tcalltomakemyairlinereservation,butI（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhave

B.mayhave

C.musthave

D.shallhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。A選項(xiàng)shouldhave“本該做卻沒有做”；B選項(xiàng)mayhave通常接過去分詞，用于虛擬語氣，表示“過去可能”；C選項(xiàng)musthavedone表示對(duì)過去的肯定的邏輯推測(cè)，推定某件事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能在過去發(fā)生過（存在過），如果musthavedone與bynow連用，還可以表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的肯定推測(cè)，但實(shí)質(zhì)上還是指所推測(cè)的過去的動(dòng)作；D選項(xiàng)shallhavedone通常用來表示將來完成時(shí)。句意：我沒有打電話訂機(jī)票，但我應(yīng)該打電話訂的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

WhenSecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRice（1）herpost,shewillhave（2）adramaticallydifferentforeignpolicyfortheUnitedStates.Thestiletto-heeledsupporteroftheRiceDoctrineisfondofpinninginterestinglyartfulsobriquets（3）herideas.Forexample,thepolicyofU.S.agents（4）thestreetsinforeigncountriesandtakingthemtothirdcountriesthatsometimes（5）torturetoforcerevelationofinformationiscalled“rendition”.SecretaryRicestaunchlydefendsit.

Thepolicyofstartingwarswithtroublesomeenemiesiscalled“preemptiveaction”.

She’sabigproponentwhentheadministration（6）itnecessary.Nowshehascome（7）with“transformationaldiplomacy”.Theideaisnotjusttohavediplomats（8）inforeignpostsreporttotheUnitedStateswhatisgoingonaroundthem,butto（9）themacttoinfluencewhatgoes（10）inhostnationstospurtheemergenceofdemocracy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leaves

B.leave

C.hasleft

D.willleave

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.constructed

B.diverted

C.forged

D.deconstructed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.on

C.downon

D.upon

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.snatchingsuspectsoff

B.snatchingsuspectsdown

C.seizingsuspectsoff

D.seizingsuspectsdown

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.practice

B.accomplish

C.achieve

D.consummate

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.considers

B.counts

C.assumes

D.deems

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.around

C.forth

D.forward

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.located

B.stated

C.stationed

D.appointed

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.force

B.let

C.have

D.charter

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.on

C.up

D.down

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:B

【解析】1.考查時(shí)態(tài)?？崭窈蟮闹骶溆脤頃r(shí)，則條件句一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。句意：當(dāng)康多莉扎?賴斯離開美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿這一職位時(shí)，她將會(huì)鑄就美國(guó)大不相同的外交政策。A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A選項(xiàng)用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constructed“構(gòu)造，建造；構(gòu)筑；搭建”，主要指房屋搭建與構(gòu)造；B選項(xiàng)diverted“轉(zhuǎn)移；使……分心；使……轉(zhuǎn)向”；C選項(xiàng)forged“鍛造，鑄造；締造，艱苦做成；偽造；穩(wěn)步前進(jìn)，勻速移動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)deconstructed“解構(gòu)；拆析”。聯(lián)系第56題可知句意為：當(dāng)康多莉扎?賴斯離開美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿這一職位時(shí)，她將會(huì)鑄就美國(guó)大不相同的外交政策。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查固定搭配。pin...on歸罪于，把某事歸咎于某人，釘住。句意：這位穿著細(xì)高跟鞋的賴斯教義的支持者饒有興趣地將自己巧妙的綽號(hào)歸于自己的思想。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查詞組辨析。snatch“一把抓起；奪去；搶奪”；seize“抓住；奪??；理解；逮捕”，文中提到是在別國(guó)而非美國(guó)本土，且所帶走的只是其所謂有嫌疑的人，所以不用seize，排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。snatchoff為固定搭配，意為“搶奪；使勁抽開；急忙脫下”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)practice“練習(xí)；實(shí)習(xí)；實(shí)行”；B選項(xiàng)accomplish“完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到”；C選項(xiàng)achieve“取得；獲得；實(shí)現(xiàn)；成功”；D選項(xiàng)consummate“完成；作成；使達(dá)到極點(diǎn)”。聯(lián)系59題可知句意為：例如，美國(guó)特工將犯罪嫌疑人從外國(guó)的街道上抓起來，然后將他們帶到有時(shí)使用酷刑迫使他們透露信息的第三國(guó)，這一政策被稱為“引渡”。

國(guó)務(wù)卿賴斯堅(jiān)定地為它辯護(hù)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consider“考慮；認(rèn)為；考慮到；細(xì)想”；B選項(xiàng)count“數(shù)數(shù)；計(jì)算總數(shù)；把……算入，包括；重要；正式接納；認(rèn)為，看作”；C選項(xiàng)assume“設(shè)想；承擔(dān)；采取；假定；奪??；擅用；侵占”；D選項(xiàng)deem“認(rèn)為，視作；相信”。句意：政府認(rèn)為有必要時(shí)，她會(huì)大力支持。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)comeout“出現(xiàn)；出版；結(jié)果是”；B選項(xiàng)comearound“來；蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺”；C選項(xiàng)comeforth“出來；涌現(xiàn)；被公布”，comeforthwith“提供信息”；D選項(xiàng)comeforward“涌現(xiàn)；自告奮勇；被提出來討論”。句意：現(xiàn)在她提出了“轉(zhuǎn)型外交”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)located“處于，位于；坐落的”；B選項(xiàng)stated“規(guī)定；聲明；陳述”；C選項(xiàng)station“配置；安置；駐扎”；D選項(xiàng)appointed“任命（工作、角色）；約定（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)）；命令；受權(quán)處置（財(cái)產(chǎn)）”。句意：這個(gè)想法不僅僅是讓駐外外交官向美國(guó)報(bào)告他們周圍發(fā)生的事情……。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)前文中的“notjusttohave...”可知“butto...”是與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的，因此句式上應(yīng)該保持一致，所以應(yīng)為“buttohave...”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)gooff“離開；進(jìn)行；變質(zhì)；睡去；斷掉；爆炸”；B選項(xiàng)goon“繼續(xù)；過去；繼續(xù)下去；發(fā)生”；C選項(xiàng)goup“增長(zhǎng)；上升；被興建起來”；D選項(xiàng)godown“下降；平靜下來；傳下去；被接受”。句意：這個(gè)想法不僅僅是讓駐外外交官向美國(guó)報(bào)告他們周圍發(fā)生的事情，還讓他們采取行動(dòng)影響東道國(guó)發(fā)生的事情，以促進(jìn)民主的出現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Allhisplanforstartinghisownbusinessfell（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.through

C.down

D.away

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellin“塌陷，跌入，集合，到期”；B選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空，失敗”；C選項(xiàng)felldown“跌倒，倒塌”；D選項(xiàng)fellaway“消失，背離，離開，疏失”。句意：他所有的創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃全落空（告吹）了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

17世紀(jì)后期至18世紀(jì)末，是中國(guó)清代的鼎盛時(shí)期，史稱“康乾盛世”。那個(gè)時(shí)期，中國(guó)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)量位居世界前列。但正是在這個(gè)時(shí)候，歐洲諸國(guó)先后開始了近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)革命，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力迅速發(fā)展，后來居上。而中國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的政治者對(duì)這一歷史性大變革卻茫然無知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，視西方科學(xué)技術(shù)為“奇技淫巧”。“康乾盛世”之后的100多年，中國(guó)的發(fā)展大大落后了，國(guó)際地位急劇衰落，淪為半殖民地，備受外強(qiáng)欺辱。

中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，中國(guó)人民掌握了自己的命運(yùn)，民族的獨(dú)立和解放使中國(guó)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。但在20世紀(jì)60、70年代世界經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展和新科技革命浪潮興起的時(shí)代，中國(guó)搞了長(zhǎng)達(dá)10年的“文化大革命”，錯(cuò)失了又一次發(fā)展良機(jī)。值得欣慰的是，從70年代末開始，我們糾正了過去的錯(cuò)誤，選擇了改革開放的正確道路，對(duì)內(nèi)實(shí)行改革，對(duì)外實(shí)行開放，開放也是改革。改革開放使我們抓住了新的歷史機(jī)遇，實(shí)現(xiàn)了近30年的高速發(fā)展，綜合國(guó)力顯著增強(qiáng)，人民生活得到很大改善，國(guó)際地位不斷上升。

【答案】Inthelate17centurytotheendof18thCentury,ChineseQingDynastywasinitsheyday,knownastheGoldenAgeof“KangxiandQianlong”.Duringthisperiod,China’sindustrialproductionhasbeenattheforefrontontheworldstage.ButitwasatthistimethatEuropeancountriesbeganthemodernbourgeoisrevolutionandindustrialrevolution,whichrockettherapiddevelopmentofsocialproductivityinthewesternworld,leavingtherestoftheworldoutofsightbehind.However,Chinesepoliticiansatthattimewerecompletelyignorantofthishistoricchange,andstillindulgedinblindarrogance,regardingwesternscienceandtechnologyas“diabolictricksandwickedcraft”.Duringthepast100yearsfromthattimeonward,Chinafellfarbehindindevelopment,sufferedasharpdeclineinitsinternationalstatus,wasreducedtoasemi-colonyandsubjectedtobullyingandhumiliationfromforeignpowers.

SincethefundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,accompanyingwiththenationalindependenceandliberation,Chinesepeoplehavebecomethemasteroftheirowndestiny.AllthishasbroughttremendouschangestoChina.However,inthe1960sand1970s,whentheworldeconomywasboomingandthenewwaveofscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionwasemerging,Chinaconductedthedecade-long“CulturalRevolution”andmissedanothergoodopportunityfordevelopment.Thegoodnewsisthatsincetheendof1970s,withtheimplementationofreformingdomesticallyandopening-uptotheworldwehavecorrectedthemistakesofthepast,directingthewholenationtotherightwayofreformandopening-up.Undertheguidanceofreformandopening-uppolicy,weseizedthenewhistoricalopportunitytopromotearapidsocialdevelopmentinthelast30years.Thispolicynotonlyheightenchina’scomprehensivepowersandpeople’slivingstandards,butalsothegrowinginternationalclout.

8.單選題

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pit“礦井，深坑，陷阱”；B選項(xiàng)trouble“麻煩，煩惱，故障，動(dòng)亂”；C選項(xiàng)pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，誘惑”；D選項(xiàng)storm“暴風(fēng)雨，大動(dòng)蕩”。句意：如果我們默許，那么我們將在未來陷入到借貸麻煩中。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thesealaylikeanunbrokenmirrorallaroundthepine-girl,lonelyshoresofOrr’sIsland.Tall,kinglysprucesworetheirregalcrownsofconeshighinair,sparklingwithdiamondsofclearexudedgum;vastoldhemlocksofprimevalgrowthstooddarklingintheirforestshadows,theirbrancheshungwithlonghoarymoss;whilefeatherylarches,turnedtobrilliantgoldbyautumnfrosts,lightedupthedarkershadowsoftheevergreens.Itwasoneofthosehazy,calm,dissolvingdaysofIndiansummer,wheneverythingissoquietthatthefaintestkissoftheWaveonthebeachcanbeheard,andwhitecloudsseemtofaintintotheblueofthesky,andsoftswathingbandsofvioletvapormakeallearthlookdreamy,andgivetothesharp,clear-cutoutlinesofthenorthernlandscapeallthosemysteriesoflightandshadewhichimpartsuchtendernesstoItalianscenery.

Thefuneralwasover,thetreadofmanyfeet,bearingtheheavyburdenoftwobrokenlives,hadbeentothelonelygraveyard,andhadcomebackagain,eachfootsteplighterandmoreunconstrainedaseachonewenthiswayfromthegreatoldtragedyofDeathtothecommoncheerfulwalksoflife.

Thesolemnblackclockstoodswayingwithitseternal“tick-tock,tick-tock”inthekitchenofthebrownhouseonOrr’sIsland.Therewastherethatsenseofastillnessthatcanbefelt,suchassettlersdownonadwellingwhenanyofitsinmateshavepassedthroughitsdoorforthelasttime,togowhencetheyshallnotreturn.Thebestroomwasshutupanddarkened,withonlysomuchlightascouldfallthroughalittleheart-shapedholeinthewidow-shutter,forexceptonsolemnvisits,orprayer-meetings,orweddings,orfunerals,thatroomformednopartofthedailyfamilyscenery.

Thekitchenwascleanandample,withagreatopenfireplaceandwidestonehearth,andovenononeside,androwsofold-fashionedsplint-bottomedchairsagainstthewall.Atablescouredtosnowywhiteness,andalittlework-standwhereonlaytheBible,theMissionaryHerald,andtheWeeklyChristianMirror,beforenamed,formedtheprincipalfurniture.Onefeature,however,mustnotbeforgotten,agreatsea-chest,whichhadbeenthecompanionofZephaniahthroughallthecountriesoftheearth.Old,andbattered,andunsightlyityetreportsaidthattherewasgoodstorewithinofthatwhichmenforthemostpartrespectmorethananythingelse;andindeed,itprovedoftenwhenadeedofgracewastobedone,whenawomanwassuddenlymadeawidowinacoastgale,orafishing-smackwasrundowninthefrogsoffthebanks,leavinginsomeneighboringcottageafamilyoforphans,inallsuchcases,theopeningthissea-chestwasaneventofgoodomentothebereaved;forZephaniahhadalargeheartandalargehand,andwasapttotakeitoutfullofsilverdollarswhenonceitwentin.SotheArkoftheCovenantcouldnothavebeenlookedonwithmorereverencethantheneighborsusuallyshowedtoCaptainPennell’ssea-chest.

1.ThewriterdescribesOrr’sIslandina（）manner.

2.Accordingtothepassage,the“bestroom”（）

3.Fromthedescriptionofthekitchenwecaninferthatthehousebelongstopeoplewho（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

5.FromthedescriptionofZephaniahwecantellthathe（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionallyappealing,imaginative

B.rational,logicallyprecise

C.factuallydetailed,objective

D.vague,uncertain

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasitsmanywindowsboardedup.

B.hashadthefurnitureremoved.

C.isusedonlyonformalandceremoniousoccasions.

D.isthebusiestroominthehouse.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.neverhaveguests

B.likemodernreligious

C.probablyreligious

D.dislikehousework

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fewpeopleattendedthefuneral

B.fishingisasecurevocation

C.theIslandisdenselypopulated

D.thehousebelongedtothedeceased

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasphysicallyaverybigman.

B.preferredthelonelylifeofasailor.

C.alwaysstayedathome.

D.wasfrugalandsavedalotofmoney.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段作者在描寫奧爾島及周圍環(huán)境時(shí)，用了大量關(guān)乎情感色彩的形容詞和動(dòng)詞加以述說，充分調(diào)動(dòng)讀者的想象，引起感官上的共鳴。A選項(xiàng)“情感上有吸引力，富有想象力”；B選項(xiàng)“理性的，邏輯上精確的”；C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)詳細(xì)的，客觀的”；D選項(xiàng)“模糊不清的”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Thebestroomwasshutupanddarkened,withonlysomuchlightascouldfallthroughalittleheart-shapedholeinthewidow-shutter,forexceptonsolemnvisits,orprayer-meetings,orweddings,orfunerals,thatroomformednopartofthedailyfamilyscenery.（最好的一間屋子關(guān)得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)的，昏暗的，只有從百葉窗上一個(gè)心形的小洞透進(jìn)來的光線，因?yàn)槌嗽谇f嚴(yán)的拜訪、祈禱會(huì)、婚禮或葬禮上，這間屋子是不構(gòu)成家庭日常生活的一部分的。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“它的許多窗戶都用木板封住了”；B選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)把家具搬走了”以及D選項(xiàng)“是家里最忙的房間”都不正確，C選項(xiàng)“只在正式和隆重的場(chǎng)合使用”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Atablescouredtosnowywhiteness,andalittlework-standwhereonlaytheBible,theMissionaryHerald,andtheWeeklyChristianMirror,beforenamed,formedtheprincipalfurniture.（一張擦得雪白的桌子，一個(gè)小針線架，上面放著事先提到的《圣經(jīng)》《傳教士傳令報(bào)》和《基督教鏡報(bào)》，構(gòu)成了這里的主要陳設(shè)。）”，由此可推斷出房子的主人可能是位宗教信徒。A選項(xiàng)“很少有客人”；B選項(xiàng)“喜歡現(xiàn)代宗教”；D選項(xiàng)“不喜歡做家務(wù)”說法都不夠確切，C選項(xiàng)“可能是宗教信徒”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。聯(lián)系全文，隨處可見筆墨眾多的環(huán)境靜態(tài)描寫，而描寫房子時(shí)并未提到有人物活動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)描寫。因此可推斷出該房子是死者的。A選項(xiàng)“很少有人參加葬禮”；B選項(xiàng)“捕魚是一份有保障的職業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)島人口密集”都不準(zhǔn)確，只有D選項(xiàng)“該房子屬于死者”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Onefeature,however,mustnotbeforgotten,agreatsea-chest,whichhadbeenthecompanionofZephaniahthroughallthecountriesoftheearth.（然而，有一件事不能忘記，那就是一個(gè)航海用的大箱子，這是西番雅周游世界的伙伴。）”，由此可推斷出Zephaniah可能是個(gè)水手，且游歷全球時(shí)只有一個(gè)從海底撈起來的箱子做伴，略顯孤獨(dú)。A選項(xiàng)“他身材魁梧”；C選項(xiàng)“總是待在家里”；D選項(xiàng)“他很節(jié)儉，省了很多錢”說法都不準(zhǔn)確，B選項(xiàng)“寧愿過水手的孤獨(dú)生活”準(zhǔn)確，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（）oferrorsismorelikelytobe（）thanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulation,permitted

B.correction,ignored

C.detection,useful

D.accumulation,agreeable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞與形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)formulation，permitted“制訂，規(guī)劃；系統(tǒng)闡述；表達(dá)方式；制劑，配方”，“被允許的，可能的”；B選項(xiàng)correction，ignored“改正，修正”，“被忽視的；被忽略的”；C選項(xiàng)detection，useful“偵查，探測(cè)；發(fā)覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；察覺”，“有用的，有益的；有幫助的”；D選項(xiàng)accumulation，agreeable“積聚，累積；堆積物”，“令人愉快的；適合的；和藹可親的”。句意：在科學(xué)研究中，報(bào)告支持的證據(jù)比不可信的假設(shè)更令人滿意，但事實(shí)上，錯(cuò)誤的積累比可能真理的建立更容易令人滿意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Wearemakinglittle（）inpollutioncontrol.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.headway

B.sideway

C.edgeways

D.leeway

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)headway“前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步；航行速度；間隔時(shí)間”；B選項(xiàng)sideway“人行道；小巷”；C選項(xiàng)edgeways“側(cè)著；邊對(duì)邊地；在邊上的”；D選項(xiàng)leeway“退路；留有余地；風(fēng)壓差；余地”。根據(jù)固定搭配makelittleheadway“前進(jìn)的步伐很?。粵]什么進(jìn)展”可知該題選headway。句意：我們?cè)诳刂莆廴痉矫娉煽?jī)甚微。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Newphilanthropistsalsotendtostaycloselyinvolvedinthefoundationstheysetupratherthanjustbankrollinganorganization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsidizing

B.formenting

C.cruciforming

D.ideating

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)subsidizing“資助；給予獎(jiǎng)助金；向……行賄”；B選項(xiàng)formenting不存在；C選項(xiàng)cruciform/cruciforming“（adj.）十字形的；十字架狀的”；D選項(xiàng)ideating“形成概念；想象，設(shè)想”。句意：新的慈善家也傾向于密切參與他們建立的基金會(huì)，而不僅僅是資助一個(gè)組織。bankroll“提供資金；提供財(cái)務(wù)上的資助”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theybelievedthatthiswasnotthe（）oftheircampaignforequalitybutmerelythebeginning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.climax

B.pitch

C.summit

D.maximum

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)climax“高潮，頂點(diǎn)，層進(jìn)法，極點(diǎn)”，多指戲劇等的高潮，也指事物發(fā)展中的極點(diǎn)，多含其后由盛而衰的意味；B選項(xiàng)pitch“運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地，程度，音高，瀝青，投球”；C選項(xiàng)summit“頂點(diǎn)，最高級(jí)會(huì)議，最高階層”，書面用詞，指山的最頂部分，也指通過努力可以達(dá)到的最高水平，還指最重要的、國(guó)家間的首腦最高級(jí)會(huì)談；D選項(xiàng)maximum“極大，最大限度，最大量”。句意：他們認(rèn)為這并不是他們爭(zhēng)取平等運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰，而僅僅是一個(gè)開始。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

ArapidmeansoflongdistancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatessettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.

Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860stherewerethousandsofmilesorrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.ActualworkonthisprojectfromCaliforniausedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadeandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemid-19thcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackoftranscontinentalrailroad

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfanninginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstruction