書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川文理學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Weofferawidevarietyofservicestofityourrequest,（）webdesign,graphicdesign,webdevelopment,oranythingelse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whethertheybe

B.whetheritbe

C.wouldtheybe

D.woulditbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我們提供各種各樣的服務(wù)，以滿足您的要求，無(wú)論是網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，圖形設(shè)計(jì)，網(wǎng)頁(yè)開發(fā)，或任何其他。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示的是“無(wú)論….”，可首先排除選項(xiàng)C和選項(xiàng)D；其次，原句中并列的幾個(gè)選擇性詞組都是單數(shù)形式，所以這里的代詞也應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

2.單選題

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(彈夾)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一個(gè)社會(huì)化新聞網(wǎng)站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美國(guó)司法部長(zhǎng)，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)獲得者),orJohnLennon(約翰?列儂——披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)成員)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段提到兩個(gè)例子，第一是主播大衛(wèi)?格雷戈里在直播中有非法舉動(dòng)，但是檢察官?zèng)Q定不起訴他，第二個(gè)例子是Reddit創(chuàng)始人艾倫?斯沃茨，他從一個(gè)封閉的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中下載學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章，檢察官?zèng)Q定起訴他，艾倫?斯沃茨在面臨可能50年監(jiān)禁的情況下自殺了，結(jié)合第二段所提到的內(nèi)容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事實(shí)上，只要檢察官認(rèn)定，任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知第一段所舉的兩個(gè)例子是想表明檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選B選項(xiàng)“檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的自由裁量權(quán)”；A選項(xiàng)“炫耀雜志并不像下載成千上萬(wàn)的學(xué)術(shù)文章那么嚴(yán)肅”和C選項(xiàng)“不同地方的檢察官有不同的起訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”原文未提及；D選項(xiàng)“艾倫?斯沃茨自殺了，因?yàn)樗幌氪诒O(jiān)獄里”雖然原文提及，但是只是一個(gè)例子中的一個(gè)方面，并不能概括作者舉兩個(gè)例子的意圖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鑒于目前存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果檢察官認(rèn)定，幾乎任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知作者在這里想表明的問(wèn)題是檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選D選項(xiàng)“檢察官對(duì)被大量法律放大的犯罪指控個(gè)人的自由裁量權(quán)”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“缺乏違反網(wǎng)站條款的法律”錯(cuò)誤，原文提到了“存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，A選項(xiàng)和原文相悖；B選項(xiàng)“任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”以及C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在有太多的立法和法規(guī)”并不是第二段提出的主要問(wèn)題，第二段主要想強(qiáng)調(diào)檢察官的權(quán)利。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆?吳2007年所述，在紐約南區(qū)的美國(guó)檢察官辦公室里，一個(gè)流行的游戲是給一個(gè)名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者約翰?列儂并決定如何起訴他們：“然后由初級(jí)檢察官找出一個(gè)合理的罪名來(lái)起訴他或她。這些罪行通常不是強(qiáng)奸、謀殺或你在電視節(jié)目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美國(guó)法典中的令人難以置信的廣泛而模糊的罪行，就像一個(gè)法學(xué)雷區(qū)）可知這個(gè)小游戲是決定如何用不尋常的罪行起訴名人，選D選項(xiàng)“普通犯罪不適合特蕾莎修女或約翰列儂”；A選項(xiàng)“在一些地方用來(lái)培訓(xùn)初級(jí)檢察官”原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C選項(xiàng)“找出約翰列儂可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

66.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是劇烈的和令人不安的）可知作者對(duì)于美國(guó)該情況是十分擔(dān)心的，選C選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心”；A選項(xiàng)“滿意”，B選項(xiàng)“虧本”以及D選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)”都不符合原文作者的態(tài)度。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theywanttostimulateeconomicgrowthintheregionbyoffering（）toforeigninvestors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incentives

B.abundances

C.warriors

D.outnumbers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。incentives刺激，鼓勵(lì);abundances大量，充足；warriors武士，勇士；outnumbers數(shù)量多于，比...多。句意:他們希望通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)外國(guó)投資者來(lái)該地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointofhisfascinateingocampaign—toabolishtelevision.Hismanifest“FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision”isanAmericanbestseller,andaftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawareofhowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertisingandmoneymaking.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisadeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.Perceptionisdulledandflattened,saysMander,whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.“Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,”saysMander,“andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment”Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandwithitoffbeforetheharmisdone—theymightalsobecomebrain-washed,orwhoknows.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTedlevisionisabookwhich（

）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（

）

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviorsarechangedbecause（

）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（

）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.becameaverypopularbooktoread

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainisabletomakeconsciousdecisions

B.theconsciousmindisaffectedbyTVimages

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimagesitsees

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewouldlosetheirothersenses

B.peoplewouldbeveiyimaginative

C.peoplewillbecomeverypassive

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlywatching

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段：…aftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA：這本書自從幾年前出版以來(lái)已經(jīng)出了八版。并且還在引起廣泛的關(guān)注和激烈的爭(zhēng)論。由此可知，C項(xiàng)(成為了很受歡迎的書)為正確答案。A:給美國(guó)人帶來(lái)了痛苦。與原文不符。B:在海外取得很大成功。文章只提到在美國(guó)引起人們的關(guān)注與爭(zhēng)議，故與原文不符。D:介紹一個(gè)有魅力者的觀點(diǎn)。與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段：...howmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising

andmoneymaking...；Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.杰里反對(duì)電視中的廣告并不是因?yàn)殡娨晱V告帶來(lái)的利潤(rùn)太少。而是他認(rèn)為對(duì)于以利益為導(dǎo)向的價(jià)值觀的灌輸是少數(shù)人對(duì)于公眾的不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為。

3.推斷題。第二段：...itcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave（電視使人們的腦子里充斥著大量的畫面和形象）。故選B項(xiàng)(意識(shí)受到電視畫面的影響)。

4.推斷題。第三段指出:Perceptionisdulledandflattened,...whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound(感覺會(huì)變得遲鈍，人也變得沒精打彩，也就不能感受與體會(huì)到整個(gè)事件的過(guò)程。這樣人們就只能被動(dòng)的一個(gè)晚上坐在那達(dá)四個(gè)小時(shí)，看著電視屏幕，聽著人工的聲音),因此選C項(xiàng)(人會(huì)變得很被動(dòng))。

5.推斷題。最后一段指出：...prolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment(長(zhǎng)期暴露在人造光下會(huì)改變?nèi)梭w細(xì)胞，這就是為什么它被用于某種醫(yī)學(xué)治療的原因),不難看出長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露在電視人工的光線也有可能威脅人們的健康。

5.翻譯題

“培根-OfStudy(論讀書)”Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivateersandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebookaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;petswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

【答案】選自培根《論讀書》，王佐良先生譯

讀書足以怡情，足以博彩，足以長(zhǎng)才。其怡情也，最見于獨(dú)處幽居之時(shí)；其博彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長(zhǎng)才也，最見于處世判事之際。書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。換言之，有只須讀其部分者，有只須大體涉獵者，少數(shù)則須全讀，讀時(shí)須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。

讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人準(zhǔn)確。因此不常作筆記者須記憶特強(qiáng)，不常討論者須天生聰穎，不常讀書者須欺世有術(shù)，始能無(wú)知而顯有知。讀史使人明智，讀詩(shī)使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯。

6.翻譯題

國(guó)際間的禮品贈(zèng)予已經(jīng)成了文化的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域。各種文化中的禁忌都有所不同。要贈(zèng)送他人得當(dāng)?shù)亩Y品就必須了解對(duì)方的文化。

在某些文化中，適時(shí)贈(zèng)予符合時(shí)尚的合適的禮品，不僅會(huì)增進(jìn)個(gè)人之間的關(guān)系，也能提高公司和個(gè)人的形象。合適的禮品可以表達(dá)對(duì)他人的尊重，同樣也表現(xiàn)出公司和個(gè)人的形象，以及實(shí)現(xiàn)全球化的技能和實(shí)力。在人際關(guān)系十分重要的文化中，禮品反映公司的形象和意圖。同時(shí)，潛在的合作伙伴可以進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)會(huì)你以及你公司的想法和未來(lái)可能采取的行動(dòng)。然而，贈(zèng)予禮品的主要目的是，向接受者表示敬意，讓他們感到愉快。如果把這一點(diǎn)牢記在心，你就不可能贈(zèng)送他人不合適的禮品。你的禮品就更不可能會(huì)侮辱對(duì)方。

國(guó)際間禮品贈(zèng)予的基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)是：你贈(zèng)送的禮品最好是本國(guó)生產(chǎn)的。要特別細(xì)心，弄清禮品的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)地，以避免對(duì)接受禮品的人造成任何無(wú)禮的后果。

【答案】Internationalgift-givinghasbecomeadangerouszoneofculture,andeachculturehasitsowntaboos.Togivepropergiftstoothers,onemustunderstandthecultureofthereceivers.

Insomecultures,givingtheappropriateandfashionablegifttimely,notonlyadvancespersonalrelationships,butcanenhancetheimageofthecompanyandtheindividual.Therightgiftcanshowrespectforothers,andindicatetheimageofacompanyoranindividual,aswellastheskillsandstrengthtoachieveglobalization.Inaculturewhererelationshipsareimportant,giftsreflectacompany’simageandintentions.Atthesametime,potentialpartnerscangaininsightintowhatyouandyourcompanyarethinkingandwhatyoumightdointhefuture.However,themainpurposeofgift-givingistoshowyourhonortotherecipientsandmakethemfeelhappy.Ifyoukeepthisinmind,itwillbeimpossibleforyoutogiveothersinappropriategifts,letaloneinsultinggifts.

Thebasicexperienceininternationalgift-givingis:yourgifthadbettertobemanufacturedinyourhomecountry.Takespecialcaretomakesurewherethegiftwasmadesoasnottocauseanyrudenesstotherecipient.

7.單選題

"DidHannasayanythingaboutmeinherletter?”

“Onlythatshe'dappreciate（）fromyou?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohear

B.hearing

C.tohearing

D.tohaveheard

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“Hana在信中有提及我嗎？”

“只說(shuō)她很感謝收到你的信嗎？”

考查固定搭配。appreciatedoingsth.感謝（某人）做某事。

8.單選題

Youarelikelytogetapromotionbecauseoftheprofitable()youmadeforthecompanylastmonth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transition

B.transfusion

C.transfer

D.transaction

【答案】D

【解析】transition過(guò)渡，轉(zhuǎn)變；transfusion輸血，輸液；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)讓；transaction交易。句意：你有可能得到提升，因?yàn)槟闵蟼€(gè)月為公司做了一筆賺錢的交易。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】9.詞義推測(cè)題。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（來(lái)自倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的安德魯?普倫蒂斯教授說(shuō)，高脂肪的快餐飲食加上以電視和電腦為主的……的生活方式可能意味著孩子會(huì)悲劇性地在年輕時(shí)死去。）降低體重的方式一是要控制飲食，二就是需要鍛煉運(yùn)動(dòng)。而現(xiàn)在的人們吃著高脂肪的快餐做著以電視和電腦為主的工作，由此可知這樣的生活方式是宅的，缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)的。因此A選項(xiàng)“大部分時(shí)間坐著”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“吃得太多”，C選項(xiàng)“非常努力的學(xué)習(xí)”，D選項(xiàng)“消極地思考”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（僅僅在英國(guó)，就有100多萬(wàn)16歲以下的兒童被歸為超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英國(guó)16歲以下兒童被歸于肥胖的人數(shù)大大地增加了。因此C選項(xiàng)“在80年代中期，超過(guò)50萬(wàn)16歲以下的英國(guó)兒童被歸類為超重。”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“男人的平均腰圍是36-38英寸”，B選項(xiàng)“女人的平均腰圍是30英寸”并未指出這只是存在于英國(guó)的現(xiàn)象，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“肥胖現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖問(wèn)題，可排除。故選C。

11.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普倫蒂斯教授說(shuō)，導(dǎo)致我們體形變化的原因是現(xiàn)代生活中高熱量食物隨處可見，隨手可得，而科技的發(fā)展使得人們每天消耗的熱量卻大大減少。），由此可知，在教授看來(lái)引起肥胖的原因與吃高熱量的食物和人們每天消耗的熱量減少有關(guān)。高熱量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D選項(xiàng)“高能量的食物很容易得到，我們消耗的能量更少”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“我們吃得太多，拒絕做體育鍛煉”，B選項(xiàng)“高能量食物很容易獲得，科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展很快”，C選項(xiàng)“高能量食物是主要的飲食而且我們使用科技”均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

12.推理判斷題。最后一段先提出問(wèn)題Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子們的壽命，會(huì)像最近的美國(guó)肥胖的專家聲稱的那樣，比他們的父母還短嗎？）并且回答到答案不確定yes-andno（既是又不是），隨后說(shuō)明是的情況whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（當(dāng)后代變得非常肥胖時(shí)）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就讓我們向甜甜圈和漢堡包說(shuō)不。）這里不是回答開始的問(wèn)題，而是呼吁人們要有健康的生活方式遠(yuǎn)離肥胖，不是要禁止油膩食物，也不是要人們一起減肥。因此C選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)健康的生活”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“回答父母會(huì)比孩子長(zhǎng)壽嗎？這個(gè)問(wèn)題”，B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該禁止甜甜圈和漢堡包”，D選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該開始節(jié)食”均不符合題意，故選C。

10.單選題

ASurveyhasfoundthatthreequartersofmenquiteenjoytheirfoodshoppingexperienceandarehappyto______theirwayaroundtheaislessearchingoutproducts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drive

B.steer

C.navigate

D.voyage

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析與搭配。drive“推動(dòng)；駕駛；驅(qū)趕”；steer“控制；引導(dǎo)；駕駛”；navigate“操縱；導(dǎo)航；航行”；voyage“航行；渡過(guò)”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)雖都與駕駛、航行有關(guān)，但其中只有navigate可與one’swayaround搭配。句意：一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，四分之三的男性非常享受他們的食品購(gòu)物體驗(yàn)，他們很樂(lè)意推車購(gòu)物車來(lái)回尋找商品。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”從傳統(tǒng)教育家的立場(chǎng)來(lái)看，這一結(jié)果表明，學(xué)校教育未能幫助學(xué)生思考生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和滅絕，這是主要的科學(xué)思想。也就是說(shuō)，教育未能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考主要的科學(xué)思想。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)分年輕人和兒童的不在于他們是否能夠記住事實(shí)或?qū)⒅暗闹R(shí)應(yīng)用到新環(huán)境中，而在于他們稱之為為未來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備的素質(zhì)?！痹俑鶕?jù)第二段最后一句“