書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theroadoutsidetheschoolisamenacetothechildren’ssafety.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

問題1選項

A.trouble

B.headache

C.barrier

D.threat

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項trouble“麻煩；煩惱”；B選項headache“頭痛；麻煩”；C選項barrier“障礙物，屏障；界線”；D選項threat“威脅”。句意：學(xué)校外面的道路對孩子們的安全是個（

）。根據(jù)邏輯可知，對學(xué)生而言，校外的道路是有交通安全隱患的，即“威脅”，因此D選項正確。

2.不定項選擇題

(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.Further,emergingscarcityofsometechnologicalresourcemayignitearesearchfor,andgradualtransitionto,anewtechnologyusingresourcespresentintheenvironmentingreaterabundance,as,forexample,inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.

(2)InmodernWesternsociety,environmenthasbeguntoconditiontechnologyinnewways,althoughadmittedlymoreindirectly.Thesafetyandqualityoftheenvironmentandpublicperceptionsofithavebeguntotranslateintopresidentialpoliticsandcongressionalmandatestoregulatoryagenciestoprotectorenhanceenvironmentalqualityorsafety,occasionallyevenatthecostofsomeperturbationofthetech-economicstatus-quo.InFrance,Italy,andrecentlytheUnitedStates,politicalpartieshavebeenformed,organizedaroundacomplexoftechnology/environmentissues.Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.Bothresearchadevelopmentprioritiesandcapitalinvestmentprogramsofthecorporationshavebeenaffectedbythis.

41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

42.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatinthe1800sEnglandwasprobablyrichin（）.

43.InmodernWesternsociety,theenvironmentalproblemhas（）.

44.Theunderlinedword“heed”inthelastbutonesentenceofthepassagemeans（）.

45.Whatisthebesttopicforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Environmentenablesmantoadaptsuccessfullytonewtechnology.

B.Technologiesenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytohisenvironment.

C.Thedevelopmentofthetechnologiesdependssolelyonthenaturalenvironment.

D.Lackoftechnologiestocopewiththeenvironmentiscausedbylackofnaturalresources.

問題2選項

A.woodresources

B.technologicalresources

C.naturalresources

D.coalresource

問題3選項

A.receivedgreatattentionfromthegovernments

B.causedsomeseriousdisordersintechnologyandeconomy

C.affectedmoderntechnologiesmoredirectlythanbefore

D.becomemoreimportantbutreceivedlessandlessattention

問題4選項

A.lawsuit

B.interest

C.attention

D.expense

問題5選項

A.Whatcannaturecontributetotechnology?

B.Environmentcansometimesblocktheprogressoftechnology.

C.Technologiesofallkindsshouldservethenaturalenvironment.

D.Environmentdeservesthemostattentioninthedevelopmentoftechnology.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】41.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“下列哪一項是正確的？”。根據(jù)第一段第二句thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.（一個環(huán)境（極地、沙漠、叢林）的本質(zhì)導(dǎo)致了適合該環(huán)境的技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使人們能夠成功地適應(yīng)環(huán)境。）可知，技術(shù)可以使人成功適應(yīng)環(huán)境，所以B項“技術(shù)使人能夠成功地適應(yīng)環(huán)境”正確。A項“環(huán)境使人能夠成功地適應(yīng)新技術(shù)”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項“技術(shù)的發(fā)展完全依賴于自然環(huán)境”，沒有過分強調(diào)技術(shù)的發(fā)展依賴與環(huán)境，C選項太絕對；D項“缺乏應(yīng)對環(huán)境問題的技術(shù)是由于缺乏自然資源造成的”偷換概念，D項錯誤。故該題選B。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“從這篇文章中我們可以推斷出，在19世紀(jì)，英國可能在……是富有的”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.（英國從以木材為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)到以煤為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)的逐步轉(zhuǎn)變始于伊麗莎白時代，一直持續(xù)到18世紀(jì)末。）可知，18世紀(jì)的煤炭資源很豐富，才能進行基于煤炭的科技。因此D項“煤炭資源”正確。A項“木材資源”，文中提到英國已經(jīng)從木材為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱嗣禾繛榛A(chǔ)的技術(shù)，所以A項不選；B項“技術(shù)資源”過于籠統(tǒng)；C項“自然資源”文章沒有提到。故該題選D。

43.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在現(xiàn)代西方社會，環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)……”。第二段第四句提到Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.（總的來說，近15年來，廣泛的環(huán)境意識的逐漸發(fā)展，環(huán)境利益集團的游說和訴訟活動和環(huán)境保護署為了響應(yīng)國會的授權(quán)而發(fā)布和加強的指導(dǎo)方針顯著地增加了許多公司在從事其技術(shù)活動時對環(huán)境的重視。）由此可知，政府，機構(gòu)和企業(yè)對環(huán)境越來越重視，所以A項“受到政府的高度重視”符合題意。B項“在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟上造成了嚴(yán)重的混亂”和C項“比以前更直接地影響了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)”沒有提到；D項“變得越來越重要，但得到的關(guān)注卻越來越少”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。故該題選A。

44.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。題干意思是“文章最后一個句子中劃線的單詞‘heed’的意思是……”。A項“訴訟”，B項“利益”，C項“注意”，D項“損失，代價”。根據(jù)heed可以定位到第二段havemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.（顯著地增加了許多公司在從事其技術(shù)活動時對環(huán)境的重視）可知，heed在原文中的意思是“注意”，選項中只有attention符合，故該題選C。

45.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么”。根據(jù)文章的中心句Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.（當(dāng)然，自然環(huán)境總是制約著技術(shù)。）和后文論述的環(huán)境與科技的關(guān)系，可知科技發(fā)展的同時要重視環(huán)境，所以D項“在技術(shù)的發(fā)展中，環(huán)境是最值得重視的”符合題意。A項“自然能對技術(shù)做出什么貢獻？”，B項“環(huán)境有時會阻礙技術(shù)的進步”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；C項“各種技術(shù)都應(yīng)該為自然環(huán)境服務(wù)”，該項太絕對。故該題選D。

3.寫作題

WriteanessayontheAnswerSheetinabout200wordswiththetitle“OpenMind”

【答案】Openmind

Nowadays,havinganopenmindisveryindispensable.Ifsomebodyisopen-minded,thatmeanshe/sheiswillingtoacceptdifferentideasornewthings.Inoursociety,newthingskeeppumpingout,whichrequiresustohaveanopenmind.Onlyinthisway,wecanfollowthestepofthetimeandbenefitfromdevelopment.Ifweareconfinedourselvesinasmallworldandrefusetoacceptdifferentideas,thenoneday,wewillbecameverystubbornandhardtocommunicatewith.Andalso,ifwecan’tbeopen-minded,wewillneverhavecreativethinking,whichservesasthekeyofourdevelopment.Asanemployee,onlyifwehaveanopenmind,ononehand,wecanmakeachievementsandprogressbyrealizingourownweekpointsandappreciatingothers’strongones.Ontheotherhand,withanopenmind,wecanworkwithothercolleagueswonderfullythroughmutualunderstandingandappreciation.Asaboss,anopenmindisequallyessential,forhavingit,wearewillingtolistentosomedifferentopinionsandencourageouremployeestopresenttheirnewideas,whichcanbringhugesometimes.Tosumup,anopenmindistolifewhatbrothistosoup.

4.單選題

Theacceptedcriteriaofadequatediethavebeenchallengedbynewdiscoveriesinnutrition.

問題1選項

A.formations

B.components

C.standards

D.ingredients

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。criteria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，條件”；A選項formation“形成；組成，（軍）隊形”；B選項component“成分；組件”；C選項standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；水準(zhǔn)”；D選項ingredient“原料；要素；組成部分”。句意：公認(rèn)的充足飲食的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)受到營養(yǎng)學(xué)上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)的挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)句中“adequatediet適當(dāng)飲食”與“nutrition營養(yǎng)學(xué)”可知criteria在這里的意思為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Accordingtodoctors,ifonecan

thebottleandcigarettes,onecanusuallybemuchhealthier.

問題1選項

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.leaveoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。takeoff“起飛；離開”；keepoff“讓開；不接近”；getoff“動身”；leaveoff“停止”。句意：根據(jù)醫(yī)生的說法，如果一個人能遠離煙酒，他會更健康。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

問題1選項

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:所有航班因暴風(fēng)雪都被取消，我們不得不改乘火車。

語法題。考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。題干后半句已經(jīng)完整,所以前半句是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),排除A,B。由于動作發(fā)生在“改乘火車”之前,而且是“被取消”,所以用havingbeencanceled。

7.單選題

Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit（）.

4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.

問題2選項

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

問題3選項

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

問題4選項

A.surelybecomemusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeateacher

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

問題5選項

A.RoleofInheritance.

B.AnUnbornChild.

C.Functionofinstincts.

D.InheritedTalents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:以下哪項不正確？A:孕期媽媽通過學(xué)習(xí)詩歌、藝術(shù)或者數(shù)學(xué)，以影響寶寶的某種品質(zhì)。B:完全不能從產(chǎn)前發(fā)育中學(xué)到什么。C:母親的血管和孩子沒有直接連接。D:母親和寶寶之間的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)沒有連接。文章第一句指出:Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible(孕期媽媽通過學(xué)習(xí)詩歌、藝術(shù)或者數(shù)學(xué)，以影響寶寶的某種品質(zhì)，以期獲得眾所周知的“產(chǎn)前發(fā)展”，但是，這似乎是不可能的)。因此A項正確,B項錯誤。第一段還指出:Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly(母親和寶寶之間的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)沒有連接。甚至，母親的血管和孩子沒有直接連接),因此C和D項正確。答案選B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干意為:在什么情況下，母親影響未出生的寶寶？第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse(媽媽情緒上的波動會影響到寶寶，因為這能改變她腺體的活性和血液中的化學(xué)成分。媽媽血液中化學(xué)成分的任何改變都會或好或壞的影響到寶寶)。因此，A項“她的情緒波動”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干意為:根據(jù)文章，孩子會遺傳什么？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞child和inherit定位至第二段:Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence(然而，可能是孩子或多或少遺傳了相當(dāng)普通的能力,我們把它稱之為智力)。因此，C項“我們稱之為智力的一種相當(dāng)普通的能力”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干意為:如果孩子從母親那遺傳了一些東西，如特別靈敏的耳朵、構(gòu)造獨特的雙手和特別的發(fā)音器官，那么，他會怎么樣？第三段指出:Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician(對于音樂才能，寶寶可能遺傳的可能是特別靈敏的耳朵、構(gòu)造獨特的雙手、由神經(jīng)和肌肉相互連接的發(fā)音器官，而上述條件能讓一個人相對容易地習(xí)得音樂家的動作和特別飽滿的感情。如果這些因素都圍繞音樂而被組織起來，那么，孩子可能成為音樂家)。因此選D項“在所有因素都圍繞著音樂而組織的時候，他會成為音樂家”。

5.主旨大意題。題干意為:最適合文章的標(biāo)題是…文章主要是通過介紹孕期媽媽與未出生的寶寶相關(guān)品質(zhì)的關(guān)系，進而分析在寶寶的天賦形成過程中，遺傳起到什么樣的作用。因此A項“遺傳的角色”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

8.單選題

_____wearehavingthesedays!

問題1選項

A.Whatalovelyweather

B.Whatlovelyweathers

C.Whatlovelyweather

D.Whatlovelyaweather

【答案】C

【解析】考查what感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)。What的用法有：What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語，What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語，weather為不可數(shù)名詞，所以選項C用法正確，其余均表述有誤。

9.單選題

Althoughsports（）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管體育運動在Joe的家庭中占主導(dǎo)地位，但是當(dāng)這些運動影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時，他會放棄體育運動。

考查動詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒，受打擊，覆蓋；affect影響，感染;dominate控制，支配：influence影響。根據(jù)后半句句意“當(dāng)這些運動影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時，他會放棄體育運動”以及轉(zhuǎn)折連詞although可知，C符合句意。

10.單選題

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn(沉默的)malespeakersandgossipygarrulous(饒舌)femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkinginmid-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.

問題1選項

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

問題2選項

A.Unfeminine.

B.Powerful.

C.Obedient.

D.Unmasculine.

問題3選項

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

問題4選項

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.1.這篇文章暗示了作者對女性話語和男性話語劃分的態(tài)度是______。

A.assertiveA.肯定的，獨斷的

B.snobbishB.勢利的

C.approvingC.贊成的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“要保持這種劃分，需要堅定的信念和相當(dāng)大的努力（considerableeffort）。它也會讓我們做出一些相當(dāng)愚蠢（fairlyfoolish）的判斷，尤其是在語言方面。”，從considerable和fairlyfoolish可以看出，作者對于男性和女性語言上的劃分是批判的態(tài)度。因此，D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“肯定的，獨斷的”、B選項“勢利的”曲解原文；

C選項“贊成的”與原文相反，反向干擾。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?2.第二段中的effeminate是什么意思？

A.Unfeminine.A.不像女性的。

B.Powerful.B.強大的。

C.Obedient.C.順從的。

D.Unmasculine.D.無男子漢氣概的。

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)effeminate定位至第二段最后一句“我們會說自信的女孩是非女性化的（unfeminine），能給予支持和幫助的男孩是effeminate，并試圖改變他們，同時仍然保留我們的男性和女性談話的刻板印象”，從中可知，effeminate與unfeminine是相對應(yīng)的，自信的女生被認(rèn)為是非女性化，那么能給予支持和幫助的男孩會被認(rèn)為非男性化，所以推測effeminate表示“非男性化”的意思。D項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“不像女性的”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“強大的”、C選項“順從的”屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.3.作者以音高為例來表示______。

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguageA.這個音高并不能很好地解釋語言中的性別差異

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoicesB.男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說話，女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說話

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustratedC.語言中的性別差異無法很好地說明

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguageD.性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是語言

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pitch定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段講述了以pitch為例的內(nèi)容：我們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為男性是低音調(diào)，女性是高音調(diào)，但是解剖學(xué)也無法解釋這種音高差異；也就是說音高中的性別差異無法很好地說明。然后看到上一段講到“這些女性語言特征都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。即使已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了性別差異，問題還是出在觀察者的眼睛上或者耳朵上，而不是語言上。”，可知即使知道了性別差異，也是我們的眼睛或者耳朵發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并不能從語言上來很好區(qū)分，作者以pitch為例就是做一個類比，所以同樣地，語言中的性別差異也無法很好地說明。C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“這個音高并不能很好地解釋語言中的性別差異”并不是作者以音高為例的目的，張冠李戴；

B選項“男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說話，女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說話”并不是使用音高作為例子的目的，屬于曲解原文；

D選項“性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是語言”也與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

4.【選項釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?4.以下哪一項不屬于女性談話的刻板印象？

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.A.總是使用瑣碎的詞匯。

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.B.一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情。

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.C.句子還沒說完就停止說話。

D.Noneoftheabove.D.以上都不是。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“如果女性確實比男性使用更多的瑣碎詞匯，或者在句子中間停止說話，或者一遍又一遍地談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?，?dāng)調(diào)查人員在場時，她們就不會這樣做”，以及第四段第一句“這些女性語言特征（characteristicsoffemale）都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)”，綜合理解可知，女性語言特征是使用更多的瑣碎詞匯、話沒說完就停止說話和不斷談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?，這是我們對女性談話的刻板印象。只有D項“以上都不是”明顯和原文相悖，但符合題意，故選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A選項“總是使用瑣碎的詞匯”、B選項“一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情”、C選項“句子還沒說完就停止說話”均符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.5.男性不大聲說話是因為______。

A.malesareunabletodosoA.男性不能這樣做

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedatB.男性害怕被嘲笑

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeechC.高音是女性說話的特點，而不是男性說話的特點

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemalesD.解剖學(xué)證明，男性的音高往往比女性低

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段“如果男性沒有高聲說話，通常并不是因為他們不能這樣做。原因更有可能是處罰（penalties）。嗓音尖的男性常成為嘲笑（ridicule）的對象。”，綜合理解可知，男性不會高聲說話的原因是他們怕被別人嘲笑，B項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“男性不能這樣做”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“高音是女性說話的特點，而不是男性說話的特點”是男性被嘲笑的原因，而不是不能高聲說話的原因，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項“解剖學(xué)證明，男性的音高往往比女性低”定位至倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種差異無法用解剖學(xué)來解釋”，其中差異指的是音高差異，可知該項屬于反向干擾。

11.單選題

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

問題1選項

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contagious在句中是“傳染性的，會感染的”；A選項spreading“擴散的”；B選項contemptible“可鄙的”；C選項contented“滿足的，心安的”；D選項depressing“沉悶的，陰沉的”。句意：問題是士兵們失去信心可能會傳染。因此只有A項符合。

12.單選題

Glassthathasbeentemperedmaybeupto（）.

問題1選項

A.fivetimesashardasordinaryglass

B.ashardasordinaryglassfivetimes

C.hardasordinaryglassasfivetimes

D.asfivetimeshardordinaryglass

【答案】A

【解析】語法題?？疾楸稊?shù)表達：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as+其它。句意：鋼化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A項正確。

13.單選題

Thepeoplestood___atthebeautifulpicture.

問題1選項

A.glaring

B.gazing

C.peeping

D.gasping

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項glaring“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；B選項gazing“凝望，凝視”；C選項peeping“唧唧叫；窺探”；D選項gasping“喘氣；渴望”。句意：人們站在那里，___這幅美麗的畫。本句表達“凝視美麗的畫”。因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

Allthatdaymyfatherwasin____ashehadlosthiswallet.

問題1選項

A.greatanxiety

B.ambition

C.illhumor

D.hospitality

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項greatanxiety“非常焦慮”；B選項ambition“雄心；野心”；C選項illhumor“怒氣；不悅”；D選項hospitality“熱情；好客”。句意：那一整天，我父親都____好像他丟了錢包一樣。根據(jù)句意，丟了錢包的人應(yīng)該是焦慮，著急的，A選項greatanxiety最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

15.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,