Unit5TextITheRealTruthaboutLiesTheRealTruthaboutLiesRevisionLeadinginBackgroundInformationGlobalReadingDetailedReadingConclusionAssignmentUnit5RevisionTranslatethefollowingsentences:大約三年前，我和妻子對大城市嘈雜生活感到厭倦，所以決定在一個小鎮(zhèn)落戶，那里平靜宜人。現(xiàn)在我們生活很好，因為這地方方便，辦點事步行去就行。我經(jīng)常四處走走，心情好時候，在咖啡店歇一下，喝杯飲料，或在洲際戲院停住腳步，看一場戲。不過有些人似乎不了解我怪癖行為。我喜歡盡可能地多走路，這是大部分人所不能了解，因為他們太過于依賴車子了。有時，幾乎到了荒謬滑稽程度，即便只是10分鐘步行旅程，他們依然喜歡駕車。Revision7.有時，我在獨自散步，他們會問我是否需要搭車。8.但我認為，車子使腿腳功效退化。9.在這個社會里，多數(shù)人占據(jù)主導地位。10.我意識到，我或許是唯一主張短距離步行人，這也就是我不時地碰到麻煩原因。11.比如：許多商店把門前清理出來，只容用戶停車，店家關心只是商業(yè)成功。LeadinginQuestion：Whatcanyoulearnfromtheplaylet?ProverbsTranslation—LieAnecessarylieisharmless.必要謊言無妨。Lieshaveshortlegs.謊言總是站不住腳。Aboasterandaliararecousins-german(親堂兄、弟、姐、妹).吹牛與說謊本是同宗。Agreattalkerisagreatliar.最會夸夸其談人也最會說謊.Aliarisnotbelievedwhenhespeaksthetruth.騙子說真話,也沒人相信。

BR1-wordwebFourColorsofLiesLIEWhiteliesgreyliesRedliesBlackliesBackgroundCulturalBackgroundTokeepyourfingerscrossedsecretlywhenyoutellalieabsolvesyoufromanyresponsibilityforthatlie.Ifyourlieisdiscovered,youcanclaimtohavehadyourfingerscrossedatthetime.(Ifyou'reunabletocrossyourfingerswhiletellingthelie,youcancrossanyotherpartofyourbody–legs,feet,etc.)CulturalBackgroundTosay'fingerscrossed!'(andsometimesholdupyourcrossedfingers)means'Ihopethissucceeds!'.TheUniversityofVirginia

TheUniversityofVirginiaisdistinctiveamonginstitutionsofhighereducation.FoundedbyThomasJeffersonin1819,theUniversityispublicandremainstheNo.2best,accordingtotheUSNews&WorldReport.Numerousdistinguishedalumnigraduatedfromtheuniversityandnowdominatevariousareas,afewofwhomarethe28thpresidentWilson,SenatorRobertKennedyandEdwardKennedy;andworld-famousdirectorMarkJohnson.BellaDePauloBellaDePauloProfessorBellaM.DePauloisspecializedin

SocialPsychology.Formorethan20years,Shehasstudiedthecommunicationofdeception.Morerecently,shehasalsobeenstudyingthesocialpsychologyofsingles.ShereceivedherPh.D.fromHarvardUniversityin1979.Sheistheauthorofmorethan100publications,andherworkhasbeenfundedbyNSF(國家科學基金會),NIMH(國家精神衛(wèi)生研究院),andtheNationalAcademyofEducation.JosephsonInstituteofEthics

TheJoseph&EdnaJosephsonInstituteofEthicsisapublic-benefit,nonprofit,nonpartisan無黨派andnonsectarian無宗派membershiporganizationfoundedbyMichaelJosephsoninhonorofhisparents.GlobalReadingStructuralAnalysisPartI(Paras.)introducesthetopicbyreportingtwosurveyresults.PartII(Paras.)showsthatpeopleoftentellwhiteliessoasnottohurtothers.PartIII(Paras.)dealswiththeconsequencesoftellinglies.PartIV(Paras.)discusseswhetherliesshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.1-67-1112-1516-18DetailedReadingPartI(Paragraphs1-6)Questions:WhatistheresultofProfessorBellaDePaulo’ssurvey?Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromtheresult?(Paragraphs1-2)WhatistheresultofthesurveyconductedbyJosephsonInstituteofEthics?Whatcanwelearnfromit?(Paragraph5)WhatistheresultofProfessorBellaDePaulo’ssurvey?Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromtheresult?(Paragraphs1-2)AccordingtothesurveydonebyprofessorDepaulo,140outof147peopleadmittedhavingtoldlies.Thisresultshowsthattellingliesiscommon.2.WhatistheresultofthesurveyconductedbyJosephsonInstituteofEthics?Whatcanwelearnfromit?(Paragraph5)Accordingtothissurvey,among20,000studentssurveyed,92percentprofessedtohavetoldliesandmeanwhile,91percentneverdoubtedabouttheirownethicsorcharacter.Againthisresultshowsthattellingliesiscommonandpeopleseldomrelatetellingliestomorality.1AttheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,psychologyprofessorBellaDePaulogot77studentsand70townspeopletovolunteerforanunusualproject.Allkeptdiariesforaweek,recordingthenumbersanddetailsoftheliestheytold.freelyoffertodosth.thepeoplelivinginaparticulartownorcity2OnestudentandsixCharlottesvilleresidentsprofessedtohavetoldnofalsehoods.Theother140participantstold1535.makeaclaimoforaboutsth.lies3Theliesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswouldcallearth-shattering.Someonewouldpretendtobemorepositiveorsupportiveofaspouseorfriendthanheorshereallywas,orfeignagreementwitharelative’sopinion.AccordingtoDePaulo,womenintheirinteractionswithotherwomenliedmostlytosparetheother’sfeelings.Menliedtoothermengenerallyforself-promotingreasons.veryimportant;shockingpretendtohaveorbeavoiddoingsth.thatwouldupsetsb.makingpeoplenoticeyouandyourability4Moststrikingly,thesetellers-of-a-thousand-liesreportedthattheirdeceptionscausedthem“l(fā)ittlepreoccupationorregret.”Mightthat,too,bealie?Perhaps.Butthereisevidencethatthisattitudetowardscasualuseofprevaricationiscommon.surprisinglyabsorptionorworrymadeordonewithoutmuchthoughtThestateoftryingtohidethetruthbynotansweringthequestionsdirectly5Forexample,20,000middleandhigh-schoolersweresurveyedbytheJosephsonInstituteofEthics–anonprofitorganizationinMarinadelRey,California,devotedtocharactereducation.Ninety-twopercentoftheteenagersadmittedhavingliedtotheirparentsinthepreviousyear,and73percentcharacterizedthemselvesas“serialliars,”meaningtheytoldliesweekly.Despitetheseadmissions,91percentofallrespondentssaidtheywere“satisfiedwithmyownethicsandcharacter.”studentsfromjuniorhighschoolsandseniorhighschoolsinvestigatetheopinionsorbehaviorofagroupofpeoplebyaskingthemaseriesofquestions;interviewthebranchofphilosophythatdealswithmoralprinciples;moralprinciplesthatcontrolorInfluenceaperson’sbehaviortodescribeorshowthequalitiesofsb.orsth.doingthesamethinginthesamewayseveraltimesastatementinwhichsb.admitsthatsth.istrue6Thinkhowoftenweheartheexpressions“I’llcallyou”or“Thecheckisinthemail”or“I’msorry,buthesteppedout.”Andthenthereareprofessions—lawyers,pundits,publicrelationsconsultants—whosemembersseemtospecializeinshapingorspinningthetruthtosuitclients’needs.apersonwhoknowsalotaboutaparticularsubjectandwhooftentalksaboutitinpublic;expertexpertswhogiveadvicetootherpeopleconcentrateonandbecomeexpertinaparticularsubjectorskillmodifyingthetruthWordsandExpressionsinPartIprofess

v.

claimopenlybutoftenfalselythatonehas(aqualityorfeeling)e.g.Sheprofessedtotalignoranceofthematter.她自稱對此事一無所知。Heprofessedthatheknewnothingabouttheplot.他聲稱對該陰謀毫不知情。earth-shatteringa.veryimportant,shocking,ortraumatic(極其重大，驚天動地，極具震撼力)e.g.Afteryearsofhardwork,theyfinallymadeanearth-shatteringdiscovery.Thenewinventionisofearth-shatteringimportance.feign

v.pretendtohaveorbe,putonafalseairofe.g.Shefeignedtobeillinordernottodotheexercises.Hefeignedsurpriseandtheyallbelievedhim.Collocations:feigninterest/surprise/ignorance/illness(formal)pretendthatyouareinterested,surprised,etc.e.g.“Ohreally!”hesaid,tryingtofeigninterest.Sometimesit’sbestjusttofeignignorance(=pretendthatyoudonotknowanything).Synonym:pretendv.deliberatelybehaveasthoughsomethingistruewhenyouknowitisnot,eitherforfunortodeceivepeoplee.g.Markclosedhiseyesandpretendedtobeasleep.Sheshoutedbuthepretendedthathehadn’theardher.spareone’sfeelings

avoiddoingsth.thatwouldupsetsb.e.g.Hesimplywishedtominimizethefuss(大驚小怪，小題大作）

andtospareherfeelings.他希望盡可能不要大驚小怪，以免使她難受。

Wecarefullyavoidedmentioningthenewstosparehisfeelings.preoccupationn.

astronginterestinsth.,usuallybecauseyouareworriedaboutit,withtheresultthatyoudonotpayattentiontootherthings全神貫注，入神，專注e.g.Becauseofhispreoccupationwithhisbooks,hedidn’trealizewewerealreadyback. Suchpreoccupationwithyourworkisn’thealthy.prevarication

n.thestateofavoidinggivingadirectanswerormakingafirmdecision支吾；搪塞；推諉；閃爍其詞e.g.Aftermonthsofprevarication,adecisionwasfinallymade.在推諉了幾個月后，終于做出了決定。Allmyattemptstoquestiontheauthoritiesonthesubjectweremetbyevasionandprevarication.我就這個問題責問權威一切努力均被回避和搪塞。devote…togivealloralargepartofone’stimeorresourcesto(aperson,activi