IntroductionThankyouverymuch.Mr.Jiao,foryourkindintroduction.Ladiesandgentlemen,Goodafternoon!MynameisLijia,camefromHarbinEngineeringUniversity.Iamhonoredtohavebeeninvitedtospeakatthisconference.BeforeIstartmyspeech,letmeaskaquestion.Doyouknowwhatcanaffectthepropertiesoffoamconcrete?Doyouthinkhowtoreinforcedthepropertiesoffoamconcrete?Mostoftheinvestigationsonfoamconcreteinthepasthavebeenconfined（被限于）toneatcementpaste,cementpastewithpartialreplacementwithadmixturesandtocement-sandmixes.Today,mytopicisaboutInfluenceoffillertypeonthepropertiesoffoamconcrete.Iwanttoshareourinterestingresearchresultonreinforcedconcreteframewithyou.Thecontentofthispresentationisdividedinto4parts:Insection1,Iwillintroducewhatisthefoamconcrete.Insection2,IwilltalkaboutParametersinvestigatedandmixcompositions.Insection3,IwillgiveEectofwater-solidsratioondesigndensity.Andfinally,Iwillmakeaconclusion.BodythefoamconcreteNow,Iwillintroducethefoamconcrete.Pre-formed（成型的）foamconcreteismanufactured（力口工）byaddingfoam,preparedbyaerating（充氣）afoamingagentsolution,tocementpasteorcementmortar（灰漿）.Thecomposition（合成物），physicalproperties（性能）andusesoffoamconcretewerediscussedindetail（詳細(xì)的）byValore,ShortandKinniburgh,RudnaiandTaylor.Althoughseveralinvestigationshavebeenconductedonthepropertiesoffoamconcrete,mostofthemdealwithcement-sandmixes,neatcementpastewithorwithoutpartialreplacement（局部替換）usingadmixtures（摻合料）.Fewstudiesreportontheinfluenceoffillertypeonthepropertiesoffoamconcrete.Byusingflyash（粉煤灰）asfiller（fineaggregate細(xì)骨料）insteadofsand,thehighvolume（體積）utilization（利用）offlyashbecomespossible可能,thusprovidingameansofeco-nomic（經(jīng)濟(jì)）andsafedisposal（處理）ofthiswasteproduct.Comparison（比較）ofstrengthofair-curedfoamconcretemadewithcement-sandandcement-flyashformasonry（砌體結(jié)構(gòu)）byDurackandWeiqingshowthatforproductsofcomparabledensity（比較密度）,mixeswithflyashasfineaggregateinplaceofsandgaverelativelyhigherstrength.Parameters（參數(shù)）investigatedandmixcompositions（組成成分）Somuchforthefoamconcrete,nowIwillmoveontoParameters（參數(shù)）investigatedandmixcompositions.Astheexperimentalprogramme（實(shí)驗(yàn)程序）wasaimedatstudyingtheeectofthefillersonthepropertieslikedensity（密度），flowbehaviour（流動(dòng)特性），waterabsorption（吸水率）andstrengthoffoamconcrete,thefollowingmixeswereinvestigatedbykeepingthebasicfiller-cementratioconstant（恒定不變）at1:1byweight.Thefoamrequiredforthreedensities（密度）offoamconcreteviz.1000,1250,1500kg/m3werearrivedatasperASTMC796-97.Inthecement-sand-flyashmixes50%ofthesandisreplacedwithflyashandinthecement-flyashmixesallthesandisreplacedwithflyash.Effectofwatersolidsratio（水砂比率）ondesigndensityThatbringmetoEffectofwater-solidsratio（水砂比率）ondesigndensity.Ithinkthispartisthemostimportantinmypresentation,Iwillexplainindetail.Asthefoamisaddedtothewetfoamconcretemix,theconsistency（稠度）ofthewetmixisveryimportanttogetthedesigndensity.Fig.2（a）and（b）showthevariationofdensityratio （密度變化率）（measuredfreshdensitydivided（分離）bydesigndensity）withwater-solidsratioformixeswithdifferentfillertypeforeachofthedesigndensities,viz.,1000and1500kg/m3,respectively（分別地）.Itisobservedthatatlowerwater-solidsratios,i.e.,atlowerconsistency,thedensityratioishigherthanunity（個(gè)體）.Themixistoostiff（嚴(yán)格地）tomixproperlythuscausingthebubbles（氣泡）tobreakduringmixingresultinginincreaseddensity.Athigherwater-solidsratiosthereisalsoanincreaseindensityratioashigherwatercontentsmaketheslurry（泥漿）toothintoholdthebubblesresultinginsegregation（分離）ofthefoamfromthemixalongwithsegregationofthemixitselfthuscausinganincreaseinmeasureddensity.Therefore,asshowninFig.2(a)and(b),adensityratioofunityornearlyunityisachievedonlyataparticularconsistency.Thisconsistencyrequirementforthemixbeforeaddingfoamtoitcanbeexpressedintermsofwater-solidsratio.Itisalsoobservedthatthewater-solidsratiorequiredtoobtainadensityratiovalueofone,dependsonthefillertype.,2@,2@皂ConclusionTheconclusionsdrawnfromthisstudyandsummarizedbelowareapplicable（合適的）tothecharacteristicsofthematerials（材料特性）usedandtherangeofparameters（參數(shù)范圍）investigated:（i）theconsistencyofpre-formedfoamconcretemixtures（definedasthewater-solidsratioforachievingthetarget（目標(biāo)）density）mainlydependsonthefillertype,i.e.,relativelyhigherformixeswithflyashasfillercomparedtomixeswithsand;（ii）theflowbehaviourmainlydependsonthefoamvolumeandasthefoamvolumeincreasestheflowdecreases.Foragivendensity,foamconcretewithflyashasfillershowedrelatively（相當(dāng)?shù)模﹉igherflowvalues;（iii）foragivendensity,anincreaseinflyashcontentofthemixresultsinincreasedstrength.Incomparison（比較）tocement-sandmixes,cement-flyashmixesshowedrelativelyhigherwaterabsorption（吸收）.That,sall.Thankyou!Arethereanyquestions?ThepictureonthisslideisSomuchfor ,nowIwillmoveonto ThisslideshowsthecalculationresultAsweknow,thetargetuserusuallyhastakenalistofcoursesratherthanacourse,soweneedtoextentourprobabilitycalculationformulars.Forexample,supposeT={a,b},Pr[x「T]theprobabilityxoccurswithouteitheranaorbprecedingit;Pr[xT]theprobabilityxoccurswithouteitheranaorbfollowingit.Thisprobabili