書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京師范大學(xué)珠海分?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything（

）goingonintheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itis

B.asis

C.thereis

D.whatis

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知“……goingonintheworld”為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞everything，且關(guān)系代詞that可省，所以選用therebe句型，表示“世界上正在發(fā)生的”。句意：沒(méi)有人有時(shí)間去讀或去聽(tīng)關(guān)于這個(gè)世界正在發(fā)生的所有事情

2.單選題

Thegoals（）hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afterwhich

B.withwhich

C.forwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。這是一個(gè)介詞+代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介詞搭配，fightafter“在……之后戰(zhàn)斗”；fightwith“與……一起戰(zhàn)斗”；fightfor“為……而戰(zhàn)，而奮斗”。句意：他為之奮斗終生的目標(biāo)對(duì)他不再重要了。forwhichhehadfought做goals的定語(yǔ)，將fightfor搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借給他一些錢(qián)，我答應(yīng)了，但條件是他下星期還錢(qián)。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。onoccasion偶爾，有時(shí)；onpurpose故意；oncondition在……條件下，如果；onlyif只要，只有?？崭袼诰湔f(shuō)的是借錢(qián)的條件，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Traditionally,thewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriagepartnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthisway,shehadtowash,stitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewoman,whichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.

Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseeofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdaily,year-longcohabitation.Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterests(andfriendship)aswellasmutuallysharedones,iftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities.

Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests—beingamusing,discussingwithpassionandpoint—andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.

Asinallfriendship,ahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachother,andtospendsufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogivethemcontinuingcommoninterests.Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh.

Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomen,homerepresentschoreobligations,becausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipateinhouseholdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmen,homerepresentsdullnessandcomplaints—fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnotgathercouragetomakeherownlife.

Insuchanatmosphere,thepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapart,bothloveandlikingdisappearing.Fortoomanycoupleswithchildren,thechildrenareallowedtocommandalltimeandattention,allowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingandfriendship,aswellaslove,allottingthemexclusiveparentalroles.

41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?

42.Thepassagesuggeststhatmarriedcouplesbecome（）.

43.Thepassageseemstoindicateattheendthatchildren（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Friendshipinmarriagemeansdaily,year-longcohabitation.

B.Friendshipcanbekeptfreshbybothseparateandsharedinterests.

C.Friendshipinmarriageisbasedondevelopingsimilarinterests.

D.Friendshipinmarriageisbasedondevelopingseparateinterests.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unfriendlywithguests

B.uninterestedinguests

C.hostilewhenguestshaveleft

D.quietwhenguesthaveleft

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpcouplesreinforcetheirfriendship

B.makenoimpactonthequalityoffriendship

C.mayposeobstaclesinmaritalfriendship

D.commandlesstimeandcarethanexpected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】41.判斷推理題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到第四段Asinallfriendship,ahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachother,erestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh.（就像所有的友誼一樣，丈夫和妻子必須努力使對(duì)方感興趣，并花足夠的時(shí)間分享有趣的活動(dòng)，以使他們保持共同的興趣。但同時(shí)，他們必須花足夠的時(shí)間和不同的人在不同的興趣上，以保持和發(fā)展他們不同的個(gè)性，保持他們的關(guān)系新鮮。）而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)“無(wú)論是單獨(dú)的還是共同的興趣愛(ài)好都能使友誼保持新鮮感”與文段最相符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“婚姻中的友誼意味著每天、一年的同居生活”，與原文并不符；C選項(xiàng)“婚姻中的友誼是建立在發(fā)展相似的興趣上的”；D選項(xiàng)“婚姻中的友誼是建立在發(fā)展各自的興趣上的”，文章認(rèn)為應(yīng)該是要兩者結(jié)合才是最好。

42.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests—beingamusing,discussingwithpassionandpoint—andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.（已婚夫婦很可能會(huì)為客人竭盡全力——逗樂(lè)，激情而有意義地討論——然后當(dāng)客人走后陷入沉悶而疲憊的沉默。）也就是說(shuō)客人在的時(shí)候他們會(huì)盡力去交談，而客人走后卻無(wú)話可說(shuō)，因此D選項(xiàng)“客人走后他們會(huì)保持安靜”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)待客人并不友好”，與原文不符；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)客人不感興趣”，原文完全沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“在客人離開(kāi)后，雙方變得敵對(duì)”，無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。

43.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到最后一段Insuchanatmosphere,thepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapart,bothlove...allowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingandfriendship,aswellaslove,allottingthemexclusiveparentalroles.（在這樣的氛圍中，伴侶之間的距離越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)，愛(ài)和喜歡都消失了。對(duì)于太多有孩子的夫婦來(lái)說(shuō)，孩子被允許支配所有的時(shí)間和注意力，讓夫婦沒(méi)有時(shí)間去發(fā)展喜歡、友誼和愛(ài)，給他們分配了唯一的父母角色。）通過(guò)這句話可以得出，孩子占用了夫婦大部分的時(shí)間，成了婚姻關(guān)系中的障礙，因此C信息“可能對(duì)婚姻友誼造成障礙”正確；A選項(xiàng)“幫助夫婦鞏固他們的友誼”；B選項(xiàng)“不影響夫妻關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)“比預(yù)期要求更少的時(shí)間和照顧”都與文章不符。

5.填空題

Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Butbecausethetwobigcolacompanies—Coca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively,we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreference

A

B

C

actuallyplaysforbrandloyalty.

D

【答案】Dfor改為in

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】playaroleinsth.為固定搭配，其意思為“在……中起作用”，howbigarole到句尾的部分還原成一般陳述語(yǔ)序?yàn)閠astepreferenceactuallyplaysabigroleinbrandloyalty，所以D部分應(yīng)為in。

【句意】因?yàn)榭谖妒侵饔^問(wèn)題，所以一般不會(huì)對(duì)食物進(jìn)行偏好測(cè)試。但由于兩大可樂(lè)公司——可口可樂(lè)和百事可樂(lè)的營(yíng)銷非常激進(jìn)，我們想知道口味偏好在品牌忠誠(chéng)度中到底起到了多大作用。

6.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

中國(guó)人的住宅

從前中國(guó)人在蓋房子的時(shí)候，都要先請(qǐng)人看風(fēng)水，看似迷信，也并非沒(méi)有道理。按照中國(guó)人的想法，任何建筑物都不應(yīng)該破壞大自然的和諧，而且要讓建筑物和大自然融為一體。住在這種房子里的人，會(huì)覺(jué)得自己不是關(guān)在籠子里，而是生活在寧?kù)o的大自然里面。所以，中國(guó)人蓋房子，通常都坐北朝南，以便接受冬天的陽(yáng)光和夏日的清風(fēng)。這種房子冬暖夏涼，住在里面非常舒服。

【答案】Chinesepeopleusedtoinviteexpertstoadvisetheminfengshuiprinciplesbeforebuildingahouse.Itseemstobesuperstitious,butsomehowmakessense.AccordingtotheChinesepeople,nobuildingshouldmartheharmonyofnature,butinsteadblendintonature.Thoselivinginsuchhouseswouldnotfeelconfinedincages,butasiftheywerelivinginserenenature.Thus,Chinesehousesusuallyfacethesouthsoastohavewarmsunshineinwinterandcoolbreezesinsummer.Thehouse,warminwinterandcoolinsummer,iscomfortableforaccommodation.

7.單選題

TheChinagovernmenthasannounceditsintentiontodoublethecountry’sinvestmentinresearchonsolarpoweroverthenextthreeyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheChinagovernment

B.itsintentiontodouble

C.inresearchon

D.overthenext

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】A

【解析】theChinagovernment應(yīng)改為theChinesegovernment或thegovernmentofChina.

8.單選題

（）bythesuperstarsontelevision,theyoungathletestrainedhardandplayedintensely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Imitated

B.Imposed

C.Insured

D.Inspired

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。imitate“模仿，仿效”；impose“強(qiáng)加，征稅”；insure“確保，保證”；inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞”。句意：被電視上的超級(jí)明星所激勵(lì)，年輕的運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練刻苦，比賽激烈。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Withourmagnificentnewcollegesoffurthereducation,thesuper-polytechnicsspringinguplikemushrooms,andourmuchvauntedincreaseofstudentsinfull-timeeducation,onevitalpointisbeinglefttousofeducationalthinking.Whatwillitearn?Because—sadasitmayseemtothosewhobelieveinits-mind-broadening,horizon-wideningandstaminatestingqualities—youcan'teateducation.Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillallreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?

OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwiththeaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolscanonlyfindplacesforhalforthosewhoapply.

ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandProductivityandtheDepartmentofEducationandSciencetogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.Theymightmakeastartbyreintroducingagenuine“General”CertificateofEducation.Inthedayswhenitmeantsomething,thiswascalledtheSchoolCertificate.Employerslikedit,becauseitindicatedproficiencyinEnglish,Arithmetic,ScienceandHumanities—inotherwords,thatyouhadanall-roundeducation.Youcoulduseitasaspringboardtohighereducation,butitactuallymeantsomethinginitself,ineveryindustryforchemicaltoclothing.

1.TheusefulnessofGeographycoursesisrestrictedmainlybecause（

）.

2.Incontrastwiththeaircraftindustry,hospitals

（

）.

3.“Industry”(Line4,Para3)means

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“noonewantstoknowabout”(Line5,Para.3)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.therearenogoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised

B.Geographygraduatescanonlybeteachers

C.GeographygraduatesarenotallowedtodothejobsrelatedtoGeography

D.Geographygraduatesarenotqualifiedformanyjobsduetothepoortrainingtheyreceivedinschool

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arefullofqualifiedpersonnel

B.havemorequalifiedpersonnelthanschools

C.needmorequalifiedpersonnelthantheycanget

D.needfewerpersonnelthanotherorganizations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.business

B.hardwork

C.trade

D.educationalsystem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneknowsaboutthem.

B.Noonehastheideaoftheuseofthem

C.Thereisnointerestinordemandforthem

D.Thereisnouseinknowingaboutthem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“教育思想留給我們一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題。它能掙多少錢(qián)?對(duì)于那些相信教育能使人開(kāi)闊思維、開(kāi)闊視野、具備吃苦耐勞品質(zhì)的人來(lái)說(shuō)這似乎很悲哀，因?yàn)榻逃⒉荒茏屇闾铒柖亲??！苯酉聛?lái)以地理專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生為例來(lái)說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以由此可以推斷，地理課程的實(shí)用性收到限制是因?yàn)榻逃膯?wèn)題，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.由于缺少醫(yī)生，全國(guó)各地的醫(yī)院急診室都不得不關(guān)閉?！庇纱丝芍t(yī)院需要比他們所能得到的還要更多的合格人員，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)下文的描述“industrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.目前，‘industry’正在提供沒(méi)有人想知道的證書(shū)、文憑和學(xué)位?！弊C書(shū)，文憑和學(xué)位都是涉及教育的，由此可推測(cè)“industry”指的是教育體系。

4.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)上一題可知，這里沒(méi)人想知道的是教育體系所提供的證書(shū)，文憑和學(xué)位。再根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，作者呼吁各部門(mén)一起改變現(xiàn)有的教育體系，并建議引進(jìn)真正通用的教育證書(shū)。說(shuō)明人們對(duì)現(xiàn)在的教育體系所提供的證書(shū)，文憑和學(xué)位不感興趣而且也不需要。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

10.單選題

Fromthehistory,wecansee,eventhesmallestdiplomaticincidentcan（

）amajorinternationalconflict.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.animate

B.energize

C.trigger

D.prompt

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。animate使有生氣；energize激勵(lì)；使活躍；trigger觸發(fā)；prompt鼓勵(lì)，促進(jìn)。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容可猜測(cè)：小小的外交事故可能會(huì)誘發(fā)重大的國(guó)際沖突。句意：從歷史上我們可以看到，即使是最小的外交事件也可能誘發(fā)重大的國(guó)際沖突。

11.翻譯題

過(guò)去，人們并沒(méi)有充分認(rèn)識(shí)到污染給環(huán)境造成的影響。只是把它看成一種會(huì)熏黑房屋，弄臟河流的令人討厭的東西。

【答案】

Inthepast,peoplewerenotfullyawareoftheimpactofpollutionontheenvironment.Weregarditasanobnoxiousthingwhichcanblackenhouseanddirtyriver.

12.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepriceofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

3.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodsinamarketeconomy?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatareeconomistsconcernedaboutwithregardtoresources?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepriceofthematerial,laborandotherelementsconsumedinmanufacturingit.

B.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

C.Thevalueofalltheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

D.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Productionreducestheamountofavailableresources.

B.Productionhasnothingtodowithresources.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionisstimulatedbyavailableresources.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofallelementsinvolvedinproduction.

B.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thecostoflabor.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

B.Thecostofaproductdependsonitsquality.

C.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

D.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsopportunitycosts.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howtotapnaturalresources.

B.Howtocopewithabsolutescarcityofresources.

C.Howtouseavailableresourcesappropriately.

D.Howtoconvertabsolutescarcityofresourcesintorelativeone.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，一個(gè)商品的機(jī)會(huì)成本是什么？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.（比如說(shuō)，建造一架超音速飛機(jī)的真正成本是因此造成學(xué)校和冰箱永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被建立。每一種生產(chǎn)行為都會(huì)消耗一些社會(huì)可用資源；它意味著放棄一個(gè)生產(chǎn)其他東西的機(jī)會(huì)。在決定如何最有效地利用資源以滿足社會(huì)需求時(shí)，必須考慮到這種機(jī)會(huì)成本。）可知，機(jī)會(huì)成本是指一種生產(chǎn)行為導(dǎo)致了另外一種生產(chǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)的喪失，即生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會(huì)成本可能是生產(chǎn)其他產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值，D項(xiàng)“本可以生產(chǎn)的東西的價(jià)值”正確；A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中所消耗的材料、勞動(dòng)力和其他要素的價(jià)格”、B項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)它所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中使用的所有資源的價(jià)值”都是包括在“生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品是生產(chǎn)其他產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值”內(nèi)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“生產(chǎn)與資源的關(guān)系是什么？”。根據(jù)第一段Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity…Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無(wú)論在絕對(duì)意義上還是相對(duì)意義上，資源都可以說(shuō)是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對(duì)稀缺……為一種目的使用的材料不得同時(shí)為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的增加使用必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）可以推知，如果資源投入的數(shù)量有限，生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的增加使用會(huì)減少可用資源的數(shù)量，A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)減少了可用資源的數(shù)量”正確；由此也可知B項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)與資源無(wú)關(guān)”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)隨著資源的增加而增加”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)是由可用資源刺激的”不能推斷出來(lái)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，什么決定了一件商品的價(jià)格？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.（在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種商品的價(jià)格和供給量取決于生產(chǎn)該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本。）可知，A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)中涉及的所有要素的成本”正確；由此也可知B項(xiàng)“提供材料的數(shù)量”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的效率”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)力成本”是包括在成本之內(nèi)的，除了勞動(dòng)力成本還有其他要素的成本。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？”。由第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere…（在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種商品的價(jià)格和供給量取決于生產(chǎn)該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本。比方說(shuō)，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中所消耗的其他元素的價(jià)格。但反過(guò)來(lái)，這些原料的價(jià)格取決于它們?cè)谄渌胤侥苌a(chǎn)什么……）可知，產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格取決于生產(chǎn)中涉及的所有要素的成本，反過(guò)來(lái)，投入的材料的價(jià)格由能夠生產(chǎn)的其他產(chǎn)品決定，即機(jī)會(huì)成本，所以可以推斷，產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了機(jī)會(huì)成本，D項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了它的機(jī)會(huì)成本”正確；由此也可知C項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了它在社會(huì)中的實(shí)用性”錯(cuò)誤；A項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品成本反映了它在社會(huì)中的實(shí)用性”表述不正確，產(chǎn)品的成本有很多要素，其中的原料要素成本才是反映它在社會(huì)中的實(shí)用性；B項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的成本取決于它的質(zhì)量”錯(cuò)誤，產(chǎn)品的成本包括很多要素，而其中的原料成本取決于能夠生產(chǎn)的其他產(chǎn)品是什么。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“在資源方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)心什么？”。第一段講了資源的相對(duì)稀缺性：Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無(wú)論在絕對(duì)意義上還是相對(duì)意義上，資源都可以說(shuō)是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對(duì)稀缺；但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的稀缺性是不同用途資源的相對(duì)稀缺性。為一種目的使用的材料不得同時(shí)為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的增加使用必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）然后第二段主要闡述產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會(huì)成本，綜合推理可知，在資源方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)心的是如何利用現(xiàn)有的資源，C項(xiàng)“如何合理利用現(xiàn)有資源”正確；A項(xiàng)“如何開(kāi)發(fā)自然資源”文中沒(méi)有提及；B項(xiàng)“如何應(yīng)對(duì)資源的絕對(duì)稀缺”不正確，在第一段就提到了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的是相對(duì)稀缺性；D項(xiàng)“如何將資源的絕對(duì)稀缺轉(zhuǎn)化為相對(duì)稀缺”與文意不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

TheAmericandreamismost（）duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語(yǔ)的”；B選項(xiàng)patriotic“愛(ài)國(guó)的”；C選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，粗糙的”；D選項(xiàng)partial“偏愛(ài)的，不公平的”，這里要考慮句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系，美國(guó)資本主義帶來(lái)發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力，創(chuàng)造了巨大的財(cái)富，因此一時(shí)之間美國(guó)夢(mèng)看起來(lái)似乎是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其它三項(xiàng)均不能使句子句意通順。句意：在美國(guó)資本主義帶來(lái)高度的生產(chǎn)力和巨大的財(cái)富期間，美國(guó)夢(mèng)似乎是最能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

AmidthenationwidefurorovertheSenatedrafthealth-carebill,apublic-healthvictoryhasgonemostlyunnoticed.AccordingtoanewreportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,theestimatednumberofmiddleandhighschoolstudentswhoaretobaccousersdroppedfrom4.7millionin2015to3.9millionin2016.Thiswaslargelydrivenbyareductioninthenumberofteenagersusinge-cigarettes,whicharelessharmfulthanregularcigarettesbutstillcontainnicotine.Thedownturnisasuccessforadvocatesandofficialswhohaveworkedtocurbteentobaccouse—butitshouldnotbeheraldedastheendoftheroad.

Teenagesmokinghaslongbeenoneofthemostseriouspublichealthissues.SmokingistheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathintheUnitedStates,and9in10Americansmokershadtheirfirsttasteoftobaccobeforetheageof18,althoughpoliciestocurbteensmokingshowedsignsofsuccessforatime,youthtobaccoratesremainedstagnantbetween2011and2015.Duringthisperiod,theuseofe-cigarettesamonghighschoolstudentsincreasedbyastaggering900percent.

Withthesestatisticsinmind,therecentdeclineinteentobaccoande-cigaretteuseisanencouragingsignalthatinterventionsmaybeworking.Itisdifficulttodeterminecausation,butexpertshaveattributedthedroptoarangeoffederal,stateandlocalpoliciesdesignedtodissuadeyoungadultsfromusingtobacco,suchasincreasingtobaccotaxesandexpandingantismokingordinancestoincludee-cigarettesandothernewproducts.Stateshaveruntargetedmediacampaignsthatworkalongsidefederalefforts,suchastheFoodandDrugAdministration’s“RealCost”campaignandtheCDC’s“TipsfromFormerSmokers”.TheCDCreportsuggeststhatatleastsomeofthesestrategieshavebeeneffective.

Butthereportalsohighlightschallengesthatlieahead.Millionsofteenagersacrossthecountryarestillusingtobaccoinsomeform,andtheintroductionofnewtobaccoproductscoulddriveuprates.Therearealsosignificantdisparitiesamongstatesandcommunities:Rural,low-income,andlesbian,gay,bisexualandtransgenderyouthareparticularlyatriskduetotargetedmarketingandpolicyvariationbetweendifferentjurisdictions.ThismakesfederalregulationbytheFDAallthemoreimportant.

TheFDA,however,hasdelayedtheenforcementofnewregulationsone-cigarettesandcigars.Delaysarecommonplaceinnewadministrations,butitisimportantthattheagencytakeupthesestricterstandardsafterthethree-monthpostponement.Itwouldbeapityiftheselong-awaitedsignsofprogresswereundercutbecausetheFDAdeclinedtodoitsjob.

5.AccordingtoareportbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,teenagesmoking（）.

6.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthereasonforthedropofteenagesmoking?

7.Whoshouldshouldermoreresponsibilityforcurbingteensmokingintheauthor’seye?

8.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestsummarizethetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decreasedslightlybetween2015and2016

B.mainlytookplaceinelementaryschools

C.recentlyexperiencedagorgeousreduction

D.waslargelyconnectedwithdeathrate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanSenatepassedahealth-carebilltocurbteensmoking.

B.Thegovernmentissuedvariouslawsandpoliciestocontroltobaccouse.

C.Theadvocatesandofficialshaveworkedhardtorestrainsmoking.

D.Theteenagersaremoreawareofthedeath-causingresultfromsmoking.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesecondaryschoolswherestudentsattendtheclasses.

B.TheCDCwhichproducedthereportonteenagesmoking.

C.Thesocialmediaorganizingcampaignsagainstteensmoking.

D.TheFDAmakingfederalregulationonbanningtobaccouse.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Adeclineinteensmoking—TheFDA’Sdelaycouldweakenthatprogress

B.Apubic-heathvictory—TheCDC’steensmokingreportdisplayedahope

C.Animportantdifference—Thestatesandcommunitiesfacedteensmokingchallenge

D.Aseriouspublic-healthissue—Thegovernmenttookbothrisksandopportunities

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“report”可以定位到第一段第二句AccordingtoanewreportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,theestimatednumberofmiddleandhighschoolstudentswhoaretobaccousersdroppedfrom4.7millionin2015to3.9millionin2016.（根據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心的一份最新報(bào)告顯示，美國(guó)吸煙的中學(xué)生數(shù)量從2015年的470萬(wàn)下降到了2016年的390萬(wàn)。），說(shuō)明美國(guó)吸煙的青少年減少了。因此C選項(xiàng)“最近經(jīng)歷了一次可喜的下降”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在2015至2016年間稍微下降”，由原文可知，從2015到2016年中學(xué)生吸煙數(shù)量下降了80萬(wàn)，不是小幅度下降，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“主要發(fā)生在小學(xué)”，與原文的middleandhighschoolstudents（初中和高中學(xué)生）不符，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“很大程度上與死亡率有關(guān)”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

6.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Withthesestatisticsinmind,therecentdeclineinteentobaccoande-cigaretteuseisanencouragingsignalthatinterventionsmaybeworking.Itisdifficulttodeterminecausation,butexpertshaveattributedthedroptoarangeoffederal,stateandlocalpoliciesdesignedtodissuadeyoungadultsfromusingtobacco,suchasincreasingtobaccotaxesandexpandingantismokingordinancestoincludee-cigarettesandothernewproducts.（考慮到這些數(shù)據(jù)，最近青少年吸煙和電子煙使用的減少是一個(gè)令人鼓舞的信號(hào)，表明干預(yù)措施可能正在起作用。很難確定其中的因果關(guān)系，但專家將其歸因于聯(lián)邦、州和地方政府一系列旨在勸阻年輕人吸煙的政策，比如提高煙草稅，將反吸煙法令擴(kuò)大到電子煙和其他新產(chǎn)品。），說(shuō)明青少年吸煙率下降的原因是一系列旨在勸阻年輕人使用煙草的聯(lián)邦、州和地方出臺(tái)的政策。因此B選項(xiàng)“政府發(fā)布了各種各樣的法律和政策來(lái)控制煙草的使用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)參議院通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)醫(yī)療法案來(lái)控制青少年吸煙”，由文章第一段第一句AmidthenationwidefurorovertheSenatedrafthealth-carebill,apublic-healthvictoryhasgonemostlyunnoticed.（在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)對(duì)參議院醫(yī)改法案草案的爭(zhēng)論中，一場(chǎng)公共衛(wèi)生的勝利卻大多不為人知。）可知，參議院沒(méi)有通過(guò)醫(yī)療法案來(lái)控制青少年吸煙，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“倡導(dǎo)者和官員非常努力地控制吸煙”，原文是說(shuō)青少年吸煙數(shù)量下降對(duì)于那些致力于遏制青少年吸煙的倡導(dǎo)者和官員來(lái)說(shuō)是一次成功，并不是說(shuō)兩者之間有因果關(guān)系，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“青少年越來(lái)越意識(shí)到吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致死亡”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

7.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句ThismakesfederalregulationbytheFDAallthemoreimportant.（這使得美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局出臺(tái)的聯(lián)邦法規(guī)更加重要。），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局應(yīng)該承擔(dān)更多遏制青少年吸煙的責(zé)任。因此D選項(xiàng)“可以制定禁止煙草使用的聯(lián)邦法規(guī)的美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局”正確。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生上課的中學(xué)”，B選項(xiàng)“提出關(guān)于青少年吸煙報(bào)告的美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心”，C選項(xiàng)“組織反青少年吸煙運(yùn)動(dòng)的社會(huì)媒體”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由全文可知，文章主要介紹美國(guó)青少年吸煙數(shù)量有所下降，但是最后兩段重點(diǎn)揭示了控制青少年吸煙還會(huì)遇到很多挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局推遲了對(duì)電子煙和雪茄的新規(guī)定的執(zhí)行，這將會(huì)削弱已經(jīng)取得的進(jìn)步。因此A選項(xiàng)“青少年吸煙數(shù)量下降——美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局的延期可能會(huì)削弱已經(jīng)取得的進(jìn)步”正確。B選項(xiàng)“公共衛(wèi)生的勝利——美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心有關(guān)青少年吸煙的報(bào)告表現(xiàn)出了希望”，由原文可知報(bào)告更多強(qiáng)調(diào)了未來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“重要差異——美國(guó)各州和社區(qū)面臨著青少年吸煙的挑戰(zhàn)”，原文沒(méi)有提及重大差異，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題——政府接受了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和機(jī)遇”，沒(méi)有涉及原文的關(guān)鍵詞teensmoking（青少年吸煙），不能概括文章主要內(nèi)容，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

15.單選題

Catherine

won'tmindifyou（）her

workload—sheneedstheextramoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amountto

B.addto

C.putup

D.goon

【答案】B

【解析】amountto指等于,意味著；addto指增大；putup指呈現(xiàn)；goon指繼續(xù)。句意：Catherine不會(huì)介意你加大她的工作量,她急需用錢(qián)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

TheMartTwainBoyhoodHomeandMuseuminHannibal,Missouri,isthe（

）ofthegreatwriter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.restoredchildhoodhome

B.homerestoredofchildhood

C.homewherechildhoodrestored

D.restoredhomeofhischildhood

【答案】A

【解析】句意:馬克吐溫童年故居博物館在密蘇里州的漢尼拔，它也是這位偉大作家整修后的童年故居。

語(yǔ)法題。考查定語(yǔ)排列順序。restored“修葺一新的”和childhood“童年時(shí)期”分別做前置定語(yǔ)修飾home。故選A

17.翻譯題

1.從科學(xué)和藝術(shù)的區(qū)別看,管理應(yīng)該更像藝術(shù)。管理心理學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),一個(gè)人的管理能力同他年輕時(shí)負(fù)面的生活經(jīng)歷有正相關(guān)。正是根據(jù)上述對(duì)管理的認(rèn)識(shí),可以得出這樣的結(jié)論,MBA的文憑不是管理者的執(zhí)業(yè)證書(shū),拿到MBA證書(shū)的人必須與學(xué)工程、法律、電腦的人,以及第一線的工段長(zhǎng)們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)管理者的職位。

2.按時(shí)喝一杯香味濃郁的熱咖啡會(huì)幫助女性變得更勇敢,聰明,做出更自信的決定,重要的是會(huì)勝過(guò)男同事,來(lái)自英國(guó)的心理生理學(xué)家證實(shí),咖啡對(duì)女性和男性在壓力狀況下的作用是完全不同的。喝了咖啡的男人出汗,爭(zhēng)吵,把工作一個(gè)接一個(gè)搞砸。但是喝了咖啡的女人卻神采奕奕地從這些困境中解脫出來(lái)。

3.此時(shí)工作人員必須做好三件事情。首先,確認(rèn)反應(yīng)堆里的燃料依然處于冷卻狀態(tài),以防止燃料進(jìn)一步受損。保持燃料冷卻需要隨時(shí)將其置于水中。第二是反應(yīng)堆系統(tǒng)壓力要在警戒線以下。第三,由于反應(yīng)器內(nèi)部的蒸汽會(huì)和燃料包殼發(fā)生反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生氫氣,所以要確保疏通氫氣,以免氫氣聚集引發(fā)再發(fā)爆炸。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.Intermsofthedifferencesbetweenscienceandart,managementshouldbemorelikeanart.Themanagementpsychologistsdiscoverthataperson’smanagementcapacityhasapositiverelationshipwithhisnegativelifeexperienceofyouthtime.Accordingtotheacknowledgmentofmanagementabove,wecandrawaconclusionthatadiplomaofMBAisnotthepracticingcertificateofamanager,andpeoplewhoobtainthecertificateofMBAmustcompeteforthemanagerialpositionswithengineers,lawyers,computertechniciansandfront-linesectionchiefs.

2.Drinkingacupoffragranthotcoffeeregularlycanhelpfemalestobecomebraver,smarter,andmakemoreconfidentdecisions.Thekeypointisthatitcanhelpfemalestosurpassmalecolleagues.Britishphysiologicalpsychologistconfirmthatcoffeehascompletelydifferentaffectsonwomenandmenunderpressure.Menwhodrinkcoffeesweat,argueandmessupjobsoneafteranotherwhilewomencangetoutofdilemmaswithara