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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常熟理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

問題2選項

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

問題4選項

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要討論了什么?

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美國鐵路的歷史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美國主要的工業(yè)中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影響美國工業(yè)化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世紀農(nóng)業(yè)的作用。

【答案】C

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段講了美國用以發(fā)展重工業(yè)的自然資源非常豐富(tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry),第二段講到鐵路對工業(yè)化的重要發(fā)展作用(movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads),第三段講到工業(yè)化期間出現(xiàn)了新的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式(emergingmodesofproduction),第四段講到美國工業(yè)化期間的勞動力(Thelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailways)和資金來源(Themoneytofinancethistremendousexpansion)。綜上所述,本文以工業(yè)化為中心,闡述了影響工業(yè)化發(fā)展的因素,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“美國鐵路的歷史”和D選項“19世紀農(nóng)業(yè)的作用”:是文章的部分內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文,屬于以偏概全;

B選項“美國主要的工業(yè)中心”:文中沒有提到具體的工業(yè)中心,屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?作者為什么提到“蜘蛛網(wǎng)”(第二段)?

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.A.強調(diào)鐵路對石油和煤炭的消耗。

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.B.描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.C.解釋鐵路擴張帶來的問題。

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.D.描述原材料分配的困難。

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞aspider’sweb定位到第二段第二句,該處講到“鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴張(railwaynetworkexpanded),直到(until)美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng),鐵路網(wǎng)連接著(connecting)所有重要的原材料來源地、它們的制造地點和配送中心?!保芍@里的蜘蛛網(wǎng)形容鐵路網(wǎng),鐵路網(wǎng)錯綜復(fù)雜,連接著各個地點,因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“強調(diào)鐵路對石油和煤炭的消耗”:對應(yīng)第二段最后一句“鐵路對工業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(contributedtotheindustrialgrowth),不僅(notonly)因為它連接了這些主要的中心,而且(butalso)因為它本身也消耗了大量的燃料、鐵和煤。”,這里表達的是鐵路對工業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻,而非被稱為蜘蛛網(wǎng)的原因,屬于偷換概念;

C選項“解釋鐵路擴張帶來的問題”和D選項“描述原材料分配的困難”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?根據(jù)文章,誰是工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的最大消費者?

A.Railwayworkers.A.鐵路工人。

B.Farmers.B.農(nóng)民。

C.Europeans.C.歐洲人。

D.Citydwellers.D.城市居民。

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞manufacturedproducts定位到第三段第三句,該處講到“工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品(Theproductsofthefactories)迅速被不斷發(fā)展的城市所接收(growingcities),工人和商人以此謀生?!保芍M工業(yè)產(chǎn)品最多的是城市居民,因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“鐵路工人”:對應(yīng)第四段第一句“修建鐵路(builttherailways)的勞動力(labor)部分來自美國的農(nóng)場地區(qū)”,這里是說鐵路工人原本是農(nóng)民,而不是說鐵路工人消費工業(yè)產(chǎn)品,屬于偷換概念;

B選項“農(nóng)民”:農(nóng)民是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者,而不是消費者,屬于張冠李戴;

C選項“歐洲人”:對應(yīng)第三段最后一句“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求(keptupwiththeurbandemand),但仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品(surpluses)銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心(saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope)?!保芍N往歐洲工業(yè)中心的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是小部分,而不是大部分,屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?關(guān)于19世紀的美國農(nóng)民,下列哪項不正確?

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.A.由于機械化,他們有的人丟了工作。

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.B.他們通過使用新機器提高了生產(chǎn)力。

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.C.他們把食物賣給歐洲國家。

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.D.他們無法為城市地區(qū)生產(chǎn)足夠的食物。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第三段最后一句,該處講到“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求(keptupwiththeurbandemand),仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心。”,可知他們?yōu)槌鞘刑峁┝俗銐虻氖澄铮€有剩余的可以用來出口,和文章內(nèi)容不符,因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“由于機械化,他們有的人丟了工作”:對應(yīng)第四段第一句“美國農(nóng)場地區(qū)的人被農(nóng)業(yè)機械取代(Americanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery)”,機器代替人做農(nóng)活,做農(nóng)活的人由此失業(yè),符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾;

B選項“他們通過使用新機器提高了生產(chǎn)力”:對應(yīng)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)又被新的農(nóng)業(yè)機械的使用所提高(moreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery)”,可知本選項符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾;

C選項“他們把食物賣給歐洲國家”:對應(yīng)第三段最后一句“仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心(saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope)?!保芍具x項符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。

2.單選題

Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothefewtimesayearwhenweseeeachother.

Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.

ItriedtoconvinceherthatshewasrunningherfutureandheadingforbigtroubleIfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.

Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’vebeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.

Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.

1.WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?

2.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?

3.HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?

4.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldhershehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?

5.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Aloser.

B.Adruguser

C.Atroublemaker

D.criminal

問題2選項

A.Theywereratertolerant.

B.Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.

C.Theywereindifferenttoit.

D.Theythoughttheirdaughterdeservedabetterfriend.

問題3選項

A.ShewasveryangrywithJennieforchoosingsuchafriend.

B.ShethreatenedtobreakupwithJennieifheradvicewasignored.

C.ShewasovercomewithpridethatJennietoldheraboutherboyfriend.

D.ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuing.

問題4選項

A.Shefeltrelieved.

B.Shefeltexhausted.

C.Shefeltfrustratedandangry.

D.Shefelthappyandproud.

問題5選項

A.Drugscandestroyinnocentyoungpeople.

B.Youngpeopleshouldbecarefulinchoosingtheirfriends.

C.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.

D.Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干問:哪個單詞完美總結(jié)了Jennie的男朋友?A選項“一個失敗者”,定位到第二段Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior(她的男友不僅吸毒而且有其他自殘的行為)。第三段作者還說Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.(我只是不敢相信她真的認為和一群廢柴在一起是可以接受的,尤其是她的男朋友。)也就是說珍妮的男友是位失敗者,A選項最佳總結(jié)了她的男朋友。B選項“一個吸毒者”,C選項“一個惹是生非的人”,D選項“一個罪犯”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問:Jennie的父母是如何看待她和男友這段感情的?B選項“他們不允許她繼續(xù)和他在一起”,定位到第二段Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.(她一直在向父母撒謊她要去哪里,甚至偷偷溜出去見那個男人,因為他們不希望她在他身邊)因此我們可以得出她的父母是不同意她和他在一起的,答案為B。A選項“他們非常寬容”,C選項“他們對這個并不關(guān)心”,D選項“他們認為他們的女兒值得更好的”。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干問:作者對于Jennie和她男朋友的這段感情是怎么看的?D選項“她盡自己的最大努力去勸Jennie分手”,作者在第二段抱怨說NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.(不管我怎么努力告訴她她值得更好的,她都不相信我)。在第三段又說Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble(我試圖讓她相信,她正在毀掉自己的未來,惹上大麻煩),也就是說作者一直想辦法勸阻珍妮不要繼續(xù)和她的男友來往了,答案為D。A選項“她對于Jennie選擇了一個這樣的男朋友感到很生氣”,B選項“她威脅說,如果珍妮不聽她的勸告,她就要同珍妮絕交”,C選項“她對于Jennie告訴她自己有男朋友而感到很驕傲”。

4.事實細節(jié)題。題干問:作者對于Jennie和她男朋友分手是怎么看待的?D選項“她感到高興并驕傲”;定位到最后一段Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.(我只是在電話的另一端聽著,喜極而泣。)證明作者得知這個消息之后又開心又激動,答案為D。A選項“她感到松了一口氣”,B選項“她感到精疲力竭”,C選項“她感到沮喪并且生氣”。

5.歸納概括題。題干問:作者寫這篇文章是為了傳遞什么信息呢?D選項“真摯的友誼可以戰(zhàn)勝一切”;從全文來看,珍妮和作者有著十分深厚的友誼,她們彼此都十分信任。而珍妮最近交上一位男友,這位男友不僅吸毒而且還有其他的自殘行為——這讓作者十分不安,希望珍妮立刻斷絕她和這位男友的來往。但一開始珍妮并沒有接受她的規(guī)勸,所以作者感到十分沮喪。作者只能以她們的深厚友誼為賭注,希望珍妮能相信作者是在盡力拯救她,希望她們的友誼能幫助她們克服一切困難。最終珍妮經(jīng)過長時間的痛苦的思考,終于醒悟過來,和那位男友斷絕了關(guān)系,擺脫了困境,因此答案為D。A選項“毒品可以摧毀無辜的年輕人”,B選項“年輕人在挑選伴侶時應(yīng)該小心”,C選項“家長應(yīng)該照顧關(guān)心他們的孩子”都不能完全概括整篇文章的意義。

3.單選題

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

問題1選項

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使習(xí)慣于;formulate用公式表示,明確地表達;overhaul檢查,革新;dismantle拆除,取消。句意:布什總統(tǒng)于星期三對國會發(fā)出警告,如果不支持他推動社會保險的全面改革可能會產(chǎn)生政治影響。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

______foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

問題1選項

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,therebe句型在此處作獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項therebe句型與后半句之間缺少連接詞;B選項Havingnorain邏輯關(guān)系不正確;C選項和D選項都屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),但使用完成時更能表現(xiàn)因很久未下雨而導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果;因此,正確答案是C項。句意:因為長時間沒有下雨,地里干枯得很厲害。

5.單選題

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutqualitycontrolproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorpOvernight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they’renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto.“Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,”saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and“thelackofredundancyinoursystem.”

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmuneresponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAvePasteur)—andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn’tmuchtheothercandoaboutit.“Avaccinemakercan’tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,”saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp,“there’sawholeindustrythat’sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime.”

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’InvivaC.hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

1.Shortagesoffluvaccineshowthat(

).

2.Theword“cleared”(Line5,Paragraph3)mightmean(

).

3.Privatecompanieshavelittleinterestinproducingfluvaccinesbecauseof(

).

4.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat(

).

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

問題1選項

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluvaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

問題2選項

A.permitted

B.remove

C.proved

D.produced

問題3選項

A.complicatedprocess,highcost,lowprofitandhighrisk

B.shortagesoffertilizedchickeneggs

C.difficultyingrowinglivevirus

D.fastchangingoffluvirus

問題4選項

A.thegovernmenthopestosolvetheproblembywayofvolunteerrestrictions

B.morethan47millionAmericanswhoarequalifiedtogetfluvaccineshotscannotgetthemthisyear

C.Americahastodealwithlimitedsupplyoffluvaccinesthisyear

D.normallyonlyasmallpercentageofAmericanpopulationgetsfluvaccineshotseachyear

問題5選項

A.AllAmericansarepersuadednottogetvaccinatedthisyear.

B.Thebigproblemininnovatingfluvaccineproducingtechniqueishowtogrowvirusinanewway.

C.Morefluvaccinescannotbeproducedinashorttimebecauseprivatecompaniesrefusetoproducemore.

D.Fluvaccinesareeasierthanmostvaccinestoproducethroughcellcultures.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“‘Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,’saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and‘thelackofredundancyinoursystem.’‘這再次強調(diào)了我們疫苗供應(yīng)的脆弱性,’全國免疫信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的MartinMyers博士說,‘我們的系統(tǒng)缺乏冗余?!笨芍狣項“流感疫苗的供應(yīng)相當薄弱,美國也沒有后備措施來彌補”正確。

2.詞義題。由“oneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.有一種基于文化的產(chǎn)品(SolvayPharmaceuticals的Invivac)已經(jīng)獲準在歐洲上市?!备鶕?jù)formarketinginEurope可以判斷出應(yīng)該是“得到官方批準和允許”。故A項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.為什么這樣一項基本的醫(yī)療服務(wù)如此容易被取消?主要是因為私營企業(yè)沒有動力去追求它。”接下來作者介紹了復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)工藝,“Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.利潤空間狹窄,需求變化無常,而且由于每年的流感病毒不同,任何剩余的疫苗都被浪費了?!惫蔄項“流程復(fù)雜、成本高、利潤低、風(fēng)險大”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.政府估計,根據(jù)上周末宣布的自愿限制措施,仍有9500萬人有資格注射疫苗。這幾乎是診所現(xiàn)有劑量的兩倍,但正常年份只有6000萬美國人尋求注射?!笨芍呙绗F(xiàn)有劑量只有9500萬的一半,即4700多萬。故還有4700多萬有資格注射疫苗的人無法得到注射。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第三段“Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.更新的技術(shù)正在研發(fā)中,專家們希望今年的失敗將加快創(chuàng)新的步伐。主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將生產(chǎn)從卵細胞轉(zhuǎn)移到細胞培養(yǎng)——一種已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大多數(shù)其他疫苗的培養(yǎng)基。”可知B項“創(chuàng)新流感疫苗生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的最大問題是如何以新的方式培養(yǎng)病毒”符合題意。A項“所有的美國人被勸說今年不要接種疫苗”與文中提到的“2-64歲的健康人群不用接種”不符。C項“因為私營企業(yè)拒絕生產(chǎn)更多的流感疫苗,所以更多的流感疫苗無法在短時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出來”與文中提到的“疫苗生產(chǎn)操作的難度大導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)商無法在短時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)更多流感疫苗”不符。D項“流感疫苗比大多數(shù)通過細胞培養(yǎng)的疫苗更容易生產(chǎn)。”與文中的“Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將生產(chǎn)從卵細胞轉(zhuǎn)移到細胞培養(yǎng)——一種已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大多數(shù)其他疫苗的培養(yǎng)基。用這種方法生產(chǎn)流感疫苗比大多數(shù)疫苗都難?!辈环?。

6.單選題

TheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenIslamandviolenceinAsiamustbedonewithinasinclusiveaperspectiveaspossible.AstheexampleoftheevolutionofJihadillustrates,simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.TheemergenceofJihadcannotbeunderstoodwithoutseeingitinthecontextoftheglobalizationofactivistorganizations.Similarly,suchdevelopmentsmustbeviewedwithintheframeworkofglobalreligiousresurgence.ThisisnotaphenomenonthatisrestrictedtoMuslimorganizationsinAsia.TheissueoftherelationshipbetweenreligionandviolenceinvolvesexaminationofHindu,Jewish,Christian,andothertraditions,aswellasIslam.Theroleofviolenceinreligionisanimportantpart,ofthechallengesfacingAsianIslamatthecrossroadsofhistoryinthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.

Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.ThesemanydimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleneedtobebetterunderstood.Thewholestructureofsocietyisbeingtransformedinthemodernera.IssuesinvolvingthedefinitionofthenatureofthesocialorderareanimportantpartofthecrossroadssituationofMuslimcommunitiesandsocietiesinAsiaatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.Concernaboutthechangingnatureofthesocialorderis,inmanyways,acontinuationoflong-standingIslamicperspectives.TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.Theconcentrationontheissueofthe"IslamicState"is,inimportantways,a"modem"concern,reflectingthegeneraltendencyofmodernitytobestate-centeredratherthancommunity-centered.However,theoften-repeatedstatementthat"Islamisnotsolely'areligion,'itisatotalwayoflife"reflectsaconcernforthewholeofsociety,includingthepoliticalorder,butgoesbeyondthestate.

TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.Inthebroadestterms,thisinvolvesdefiningtheroleofIslamincivilsociety,thenatureofthepublicsphereforhumanactivity,andthecomplexissuesofinteractionsbetweenreligionandpolitics,moralityandsocialorder,thatariseindefining"secular"relationshipsincontemporaryglobalizationandtheglobalreligiousresurgence.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesaninclusiveperspective?

2.Thehighlighted"It"inLine5refersto().

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,manyimportantdimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT().

4.Theword“ummah”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto().

5.WhydoestheauthorthinktheviewsofbothmainstreamandextremistMuslimsregardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureoftheircommunityareveryimportant?

問題1選項

A.Fromaninclusiveperspective,youranalysisisnotconfinedtotheanalysisofaparticularstate.

B.Aninclusiveperspectiveisanall-roundperspective.

C.Fromaninclusiveperspective,thedevelopmentofIslamwillbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextandbelinkedwiththedevelopmentsofotherreligionsaswell.

D.Fromaninclusiveperspective,manydimensionsofIslamwillbebetterunderstood.

問題2選項

A.theanalysisoftherelationship

B.remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstates

C.amisleadingexceptionalism

D.theexampleoftheevolutionofJihad

問題3選項

A.therelationshipbetweenMuslimcommunitiesandsocieties

B.theissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariainthe21stcentury

C.mainstreamMuslimactivity

D.thegrowinginfluenceofviolenceofextremists

問題4選項

A.theMuslimcommunity

B.thestate

C.theMuslimpeople

D.thelife

問題5選項

A.Toavoidsocialinstabilityandviolence.

B.TorespondtothediversitypresentinallofthesocietiesofAsia.

C.Todefinesecularrelationshipincontemporaryglobalreligiousresurgence.

D.TodeterminethefuturenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsia.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“…simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.”,可知僅僅在單獨國家的框架內(nèi)觀察事態(tài)發(fā)展已不再可行。繼續(xù)局限于各州的地理邊界,容易導(dǎo)致例外主義。可推斷出從包容性的角度看,伊斯蘭教的發(fā)展將在全球范圍內(nèi)得到理解,并與其他宗教的發(fā)展相聯(lián)系。這一現(xiàn)象可以表達包容的觀點。選項C符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.”,可知它也忽視了全球化的影響和全球化對歷史發(fā)展的直接影響。從句子中的also可判斷,主語應(yīng)該為同一對象,可知it指代上文提到的仍然局限于單獨的國家的地理邊界。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.”,可知伊斯蘭政治角色包括21世紀伊斯蘭教法對社會的意義、主流穆斯林活動的戰(zhàn)場、心靈斗爭演變的例子。所以穆斯林和社會之間的關(guān)系不屬于伊斯蘭的政治角色。選項A符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.”,可知伊斯蘭教關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何組織人類的中心不是“國家”,而是社會團體。因為單詞or可判斷出ummah應(yīng)該為前面提到的事物。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.”,作者認為主流穆斯林思想和極端主義思想對于伊斯蘭和他們的社會里面都是很重要,因為界定整個社會秩序的發(fā)展性質(zhì)的辯論是決定21世紀亞洲穆斯林社會性質(zhì)的一個主要部分。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Mybrotherisapainterandworksina(

).

問題1選項

A.studio

B.stall

C.senate

D.stage

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項studio“工作室,畫室”;B選項stall“貨攤”;C選項senate“參議院”;D選項stage“舞臺”。句意:我的兄弟是個畫家,在一個畫室工作。選項A符合語境。

8.單選題

Oldbeliefsdiehard;evenwhenjobsbecame(),thelong-standingfearthatunemploymentcouldreturnatamoment’snoticepersisted.

問題1選項

A.precious

B.pervasive

C.plentiful

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Precious“寶貴的,珍貴的”;pervasive“無處不在的,普遍的”;plentiful“富足的,大量的”;persuasive“有說服力的”。句意:舊觀念難改。即使就業(yè)機會充足時,人們還是長期害怕失業(yè)會來臨。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

問題1選項

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項resolves“決定;決心要做”;B選項unsolved“未解決的;未解答的”;C選項dissolves“溶解;分解”;D選項shoves“擠;強使;撞;猛推”。句意:酸雨會侵蝕樹葉,……它們的蠟涂層。根據(jù)attackstheleaves(侵蝕樹葉)可推測acidrain(酸雨)的危害極大,A選項resolves(決定)不符合題意,B選項unsolved(未解決的)可排除,D選項shoves(擠)不符合題意,可排除,結(jié)合此處語境,C選項正確。

10.單選題

Maryhasbrownhair.Infact,it’squitesimilarinshape______yours.

問題1選項

A.with

B.to

C.like

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞辨析。similar后面要求跟to,表示“和……差不多”。與with連用,可以是thesamecasewith...,表示“……的情況也如此”。like作介詞,表示“像……一樣”。same后面跟as,組成thesame...as,表示“和……一樣”。句意:瑪麗有棕色的頭發(fā)。事實上,和你的很相似。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Inhis1976studyofslaveryintheUnitedStates,HerbertGutman,likeFogel,Engerman,andGenovese,hasrightlystressedtheslaves,achievements.Butunlikethesehistorians,Gutmangivesplantationow

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