考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解_第1頁
考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解_第2頁
考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解_第3頁
考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解_第4頁
考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩374頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditionedmicetoavoidsaccharinbysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat____.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals____.

問題1選項

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

問題2選項

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

問題3選項

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

問題4選項

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

問題5選項

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.勞登斯拉格的實驗表明,那些能切斷電源的老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng)____。

A.wasstrengthenedA.得到了加強

B.wasnotaffectedB.沒有受到影響

C.wasalteredC.發(fā)生了改變

D.wasweakenedD.被削弱了

【答案】B

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句“勞登斯拉格發(fā)現(xiàn),無助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平,而那些可以切斷電源的老鼠則沒有?!币虼诉xB。

【干擾項排除】

A、C、D選項屬于反向干擾;

2.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.根據(jù)文章,無助的經(jīng)歷導(dǎo)致老鼠____。

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuliA.試圖控制不愉快的刺激

B.turnofftheelectricityB.關(guān)掉電源

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsC.在可控的情況下被動地行動

D.becomeabnormallysuspiciousD.變得異常多疑

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“如果這些動物面對它們無法控制的情況,它們在面對它們可以控制的經(jīng)歷時,會表現(xiàn)得被動。(theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol)”因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“試圖控制不愉快的刺激”,文中提到“杜克大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家杰伊?韋斯已經(jīng)證明,能夠控制不愉快刺激的動物不會出現(xiàn)睡眠障礙,也不會出現(xiàn)典型的應(yīng)激大鼠大腦化學(xué)變化。但是,如果動物面對他們無法控制的情況,它們以后在面對它們可以控制的經(jīng)歷時會表現(xiàn)被動。”由此可知,一旦動物遇到過它們控制不了的事情和局面,以后即使面對它們能夠控制的事情,它們依然會很被動。該選項與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾;

B選項“關(guān)掉電源”,文中第一段提到“無助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平,而那些可以切斷電源的老鼠則沒有。他認(rèn)為,他所證明的是,缺乏對事件的控制是削弱免疫系統(tǒng)的原因,而不是經(jīng)歷本身。”由此可知關(guān)掉電源這個實驗證明的是無助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平,并沒有說無助的經(jīng)歷會讓老鼠關(guān)掉電源,該選項屬于過度推斷;

D選項“變得異常多疑”,文中沒提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.在阿德的實驗中,老鼠不吃糖精的原因是____。

A.theydislikeditstasteA.它們不喜歡糖精的味道

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsB.它會影響它們的免疫系統(tǒng)

C.itledtostomachpainsC.它會導(dǎo)致胃痛

D.theyassociateditwithstomachachesD.它們把糖精與胃痛聯(lián)系在一起

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“通過同時給老鼠喂食甜味劑,并給它們注射一種藥物,這種藥物會抑制老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致它們胃部不適。老鼠將糖精與胃痛聯(lián)系起來(Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains),很快就學(xué)會了避開這種甜味劑。”由此可推斷,因為阿德在喂老鼠糖精時,給它們注射了導(dǎo)致腸胃不適的藥物,因此老鼠把二者聯(lián)系起來,回避糖精。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它們不喜歡糖精的味道”,由推斷可知老鼠把糖精和腸胃不適聯(lián)系在一起,因此對糖精感到厭惡,該選項屬于本末倒置;

B選項“它會影響它們的免疫系統(tǒng)”,文中提到“通過同時給老鼠喂食甜味劑,并給它們注射一種藥物,這種藥物會抑制老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致它們胃部不適?!庇纱丝芍沁@種藥物會影響老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng)而不是糖精,該選項屬于張冠李戴;

C選項“它會導(dǎo)致胃痛”,文中提到“通過同時給老鼠喂食甜味劑,并給它們注射一種藥物,這種藥物會抑制老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致它們胃部不適?!庇纱丝芍沁@種藥物導(dǎo)致胃痛而不是糖精本身,該選項屬于張冠李戴。

4.【選項釋義】

ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat____.這篇文章告訴我們,在阿德的實驗中,老鼠死亡的最有可能的原因是____。

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharinA.它們的心理已經(jīng)被糖精削弱了

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothemB.這種甜味劑對他們是有毒的

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemindC.它們的免疫系統(tǒng)被思想改變了

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioningD.它們在早期的條件反射中攝入了太多的甜味劑

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到文章最后一段“他只能推測,他已經(jīng)成功地使老鼠適應(yīng)環(huán)境,僅用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng),殺死它們?!痹趯嶒炛?,老鼠已經(jīng)將胃痛與糖精聯(lián)系起來,因此再次接觸糖精時,老鼠的心理變化破壞了它們的免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致它們死亡。因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它們的心理已經(jīng)被糖精削弱了”,文中推斷可知老鼠的心理確實被糖精削弱,但是它們死亡的根本原因是免疫系統(tǒng)的變化,該選項屬于本末倒置;

B選項“這種甜味劑對他們是有毒的”,文中提到“通過同時給老鼠喂食甜味劑,并給它們注射一種藥物,這種藥物會抑制老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致它們胃部不適。使它們能夠避免糖精”可知糖精本身是無毒的,是這種注射的藥物會使它們腸胃不適,該選項屬于張冠李戴;

D選項“它們在早期的條件反射中攝入了太多的甜味劑”,是因為早期的條件反射導(dǎo)致它們的免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)生變化,導(dǎo)致死亡,該選項屬于本末倒置。

5.【選項釋義】

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals____.從文章中可以得出結(jié)論,動物的免疫系統(tǒng)____。

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioningA.可以被條件作用削弱

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjectionsB.可以被藥物注射抑制

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharinC.可能會受到頻繁劑量的糖精的影響

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocksD.可以被電擊改變

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】文章用老鼠與糖精的例子,老鼠對糖精形成條件反射,從而導(dǎo)致免疫系統(tǒng)被削弱。由此可推斷,動物的免疫系統(tǒng)可以被條件作用削弱。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“可以被藥物注射抑制”,文中提到對老鼠進(jìn)行藥物注射,但這只是其中的一個條件,并不能推出動物的免疫系統(tǒng)只會被藥物抑制,該選項屬于以偏概全;

C選項“可能會受到頻繁劑量的糖精的影響”,文中用糖精做例子,但這只是其中的一個條件,該選項屬于以偏概全;

D選項“可以被電擊改變”,文中雖然提到對老鼠進(jìn)行電擊,但是并不能由此推出動物的免疫系統(tǒng)會被改變,該選項屬于過度推斷。

2.單選題

()therewasnotasoularoundexceptsomecarspassingoccasionally.

問題1選項

A.Overnight

B.Atdusk

C.Inthedeadofnight

D.Fortnight

【答案】C

【解析】詞組短語辨析。overnight“過夜”;atdusk“傍晚;黃昏時刻”;inthedeadofnight“夜深人靜之時”;fortnight“兩星期”。句意:夜深人靜時,除了有幾輛車偶爾經(jīng)過外,沒有幾個行人。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Humanmemoryisnotoriouslyunreliable.Evenpeoplewiththesharpestfacial-recognitionskillscanonlyremembersomuch.

It’stoughtoquantifyhowgoodapersonisatremembering.Noonereallyknowshowmanydifferentfacessomeonecanrecall,forexample,butvariousestimatestendtohoverinthethousands—basedonthenumberofacquaintancesapersonmighthave.

Machinesaren’tlimitedthisway.Givetherightcomputeramassivedatabaseoffaces,anditcanprocesswhatitsees—thenrecognizeafaceit’stoldtofind—withremarkablespeedandprecision.Thisskilliswhatsupportstheenormouspromiseoffacial-recognitionsoftwareinthe21stcentury.It’salsowhatmakescontemporarysurveillancesystemssoscary.

Thethingis,machinesstillhavelimitationswhenitcomestofacialrecognition.Andscientistsareonlyjustbeginningtounderstandwhatthoseconstraintsare.Tobegintofigureouthowcomputersarestruggling,researchersattheUniversityofWashingtoncreatedamassivedatabaseoffaces—theycallitMegaFace—andtestedavarietyoffacial-recognitionalgorithms(算法)astheyscaledupincomplexity.Theideawastotestthemachinesonadatabasethatincludedupto1milliondifferentimagesofnearly700,000differentpeople—andnotjustalargedatabasefeaturingarelativelysmallnumberofdifferentfaces,moreconsistentwithwhat’sbeenusedinotherresearch.

Asthedatabasesgrew,machineaccuracydippedacrosstheboard.Algorithmsthatwereright95%ofthetimewhentheyweredealingwitha13,000-imagedatabase,forexample,wereaccurateabout70%ofthetimewhenconfrontedwith1millionimages.That’sstillprettygood,saysoneoftheresearchers,IraKemelmacher-Shlizerman.“Muchbetterthanweexpected,”shesaid.

Machinesalsohaddifficultyadjustingforpeoplewholookalotalike—eitherdoppelgangers(長相極相似的人),whomthemachinewouldhavetroubleidentifyingastwoseparatepeople,orthesamepersonwhoappearedindifferentphotosatdifferentagesorindifferentlighting,whomthemachinewouldincorrectlyviewasseparatepeople.

“Oncewescaleup,algorithmsmustbesensitivetotinychangesinidentitiesandatthesametimeinvarianttolighting,pose,age,”Kemelmacher-Shlizermansaid.

Thetroubleis,formanyoftheresearcherswho’dliketodesignsystemstoaddressthesechallenges,massivedatasetsforexperimentationjustdon’texist—atleast,notinformatsthatareaccessibletoacademicresearchers.TrainingsetsliketheonesGoogleandFacebookhaveareprivate.Therearenopublicdatabasesthatcontainmillionsoffaces.MegaFace’screatorssayit’sthelargestpubliclyavailablefacial-recognitiondatasetoutthere.

“Anultimatefacerecognitionalgorithmshouldperformwithbillionsofpeopleinadataset,”theresearcherswrote.

11.Comparedwithhumanmemory,machinescan_____.

12.WhydidresearcherscreateMegaFace?

13.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmachineaccuracy?

14.Whatissaidtobeashortcoming-offacial-recognitionmachines?

15.Whatisthedifficultyconfrontingresearchersoffacial-recognitionmachines?

問題1選項

A.identifyhumanfacesmoreefficiently

B.tellafriendfromamereacquaintance

C.storeanunlimitednumberofhumanfaces

D.perceiveimagesinvisibletothehumaneye

問題2選項

A.Toenlargethevolumeofthefacial-recognitiondatabase.

B.Toincreasethevarietyoffacial-recognitionsoftware.

C.Tounderstandcomputers’problemswithfacialrecognition.

D.Toreducethecomplexityoffacial-recognitionalgorithms.

問題3選項

A.Itfallsshortofresearchers’expectations.

B.Itimproveswithaddedcomputingpower.

C.Itvariesgreatlywithdifferentalgorithms.

D.Itdecreasesasthedatabasesizeincreases.

問題4選項

A.Theycannoteasilytellapartpeoplewithnear-identicalappearances.

B.Theyhavedifficultyidentifyingchangesinfacialexpressions.

C.Theyarenotsensitivetominutechangesinpeople’smood.

D.Theyhaveproblemsdistinguishingpeopleofthesameage.

問題5選項

A.Nocomputerisyetabletohandlehugedatasetsofhumanfaces.

B.Theredonotexistpublicdatabaseswithsufficientfacesamples.

C.Therearenoappropriatealgorithmstoprocessthefacesamples.

D.Theyhavetroubleconvertingfacedatasetsintotherightformat.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】11.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第三段第二句話Givetherightcomputeramassivedatabaseoffaces,anditcanprocesswhatitsees—thenrecognizeafaceit’stoldtofind—withremarkablespeedandprecision“給計算機一個龐大的人臉數(shù)據(jù)庫,它就可以處理它看到的東西,然后以驚人的速度和精度識別出它被要求尋找的人臉”,從這里可知答案選A選項“更有效地識別人臉”。

B選項“把朋友和僅僅相識的人區(qū)別開來”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項“存儲無限數(shù)量的人臉”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“感知人眼看不見的圖像”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

12.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第四段第一、三句話Thethingis,machinesstillhavelimitationswhenitcomestofacialrecognition…Tobegintofigureouthowcomputersarestruggling,researchersattheUniversityofWashingtoncreatedamassivedatabaseoffaces—theycallitMegaFace“問題是,機器在人臉識別方面仍然有局限性……為了弄清楚電腦是如何掙扎的,華盛頓大學(xué)的研究人員創(chuàng)建了一個巨大的人臉數(shù)據(jù)庫——他們稱之為MegaFace”,由此可知答案選C選項“為了解計算機在面部識別方面的問題”。

A選項“以擴大人臉識別數(shù)據(jù)庫的容量”,定位到第四段最后一句Theideawastotestthemachinesonadatabasethatincludedupto1milliondifferentimagesofnearly700,000differentpeople—andnotjustalargedatabasefeaturingarelativelysmallnumberofdifferentfaces,moreconsistentwithwhat’sbeenusedinotherresearch“他們的想法是在一個數(shù)據(jù)庫上測試機器,該數(shù)據(jù)庫包括近70萬人的100萬張不同的圖像,而不僅僅是一個擁有相對較少不同面孔的大型數(shù)據(jù)庫,這與其他研究中使用的更一致”,這里沒有說建立數(shù)據(jù)庫的目的是為了擴大數(shù)據(jù)庫,這里屬于出處錯誤;

B選項“以增加面部識別軟件的多樣性”,文章沒有提及;

D選項“以降低人臉識別算法的復(fù)雜性”,定位到第四段第三句…testedavarietyoffacial-recognitionalgorithmsastheyscaledupincomplexity“……測試了多種面部識別算法,隨著其復(fù)雜性的增大”,由此可知這是探究機器在人臉識別時會遇到什么問題的步驟不是創(chuàng)造MegaFace的原因,這里屬于曲解原文,所以不選。

13.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第五段第一句話Asthedatabasesgrew,machineaccuracydippedacrosstheboard“隨著數(shù)據(jù)庫的增長,機器的準(zhǔn)確性全面下降”,由此可知答案選D選項“它隨著數(shù)據(jù)庫大小的增加而減少?!?/p>

A選項“它沒有達(dá)到研究人員的預(yù)期”,定位到第五段最后一句話“Muchbetterthanweexpected,”shesaid(“比我們預(yù)期的要好得多,”她說。),由此可知A選項錯誤,屬于反向干擾;

B選項文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以不選;

C選項文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以不選。

14.推理判斷題。第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第六段第一句話Machinesalsohaddifficultyadjustingforpeoplewholookalotalike…“機器也很難適應(yīng)長得很像的人……”,這里運用擬人的手法把機器比做人,暗指其實機器區(qū)別不了長得很像的人,所以答案選A選項“他們很難區(qū)分長相幾乎相同的人”。

B選項“他們很難識別面部表情的變化”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以不選;

C選項“他們對人們情緒的細(xì)微變化不敏感”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以不選;

D選項“他們在區(qū)分同齡人方面有困難”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以不選。

15.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句Thetroubleis…massivedatasetsforexperimentationjustdon’texist—atleast,notinformatsthatareaccessibletoacademicresearchers“問題是……用于實驗的大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)根本不存在——至少,不存在學(xué)術(shù)研究人員可以訪問的格式”,由此可知答案選B選項“沒有擁有足夠的人臉樣本的公共數(shù)據(jù)庫”。

A選項“目前還沒有能夠處理巨大的人臉數(shù)據(jù)的電腦”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以不選;

C選項“沒有合適處理人臉樣本的算法”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以不選;

D選項“他們在將人臉數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成正確格式時遇到了困難”,見正確選項解析,這里說的是研究人員不能夠訪問的格式并不是說在格式轉(zhuǎn)換方面存在問題,所以D選項不選,屬于曲意理解。

4.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:(10%)

Mostofushaveinheritedmoralityfromreligion,family,education,orsocietyingeneral,andusuallyfromallthesesources,becausetheysharecommontaboosagainstkilling,stealing,adultery,lying,andsoonandacommonbeliefinwhatconstitutespraiseworthybehavior.Insomerespects,however,thesesourcescanbeatoddswitheachother.Yournationalassessmentofasituationmayleadyouinonedirection,religion,inanother;andfamilytradition,instillanother.Lifepushusintosomanyquandariesthatdoingtherightthingineveryinstancebecomesexceedinglydifficult.

【答案】我們大多數(shù)人從宗教、家庭、教育或一般社會中繼承了道德,而且通常是從所有這些來源繼承的,因為他們都有反對殺戮、偷盜、通奸、撒謊等的共同禁忌,也都相信什么是值得稱贊的行為。然而,在某些方面,這些來源可能相互矛盾。你對國家形勢的評估可能會把你引向一個方向,宗教或另一個方向;還有家庭傳統(tǒng)。生活把我們推入如此多的困境,以至于在每個情況下做正確的事情變得極其困難。

5.單選題

Youmustletmehavetheannualreportwithout()byteno’clocktomorrowmorning.

問題1選項

A.failure

B.hesitation

C.trouble

D.fail

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。withoutfail為固定搭配,表示“必定,務(wù)必”。句意為:你必須在明天早上十點之前把年度報告交給我。所以選項D正確。

6.單選題

Itmaybeworthwhileatthismomentto()andseewhatprogresswehavemadeafteroneyear’sstudyincollege.

問題1選項

A.lookinto

B.lookaround

C.lookover

D.lookback

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。Lookinto“調(diào)查,研究”;lookaround“環(huán)顧”;lookover“查看”;lookback“回顧”。句意:現(xiàn)在回顧一下我們在大學(xué)的一年學(xué)習(xí)中所取得的進(jìn)步是值得的。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries.

TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted.

RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionizationit’saboutprotectingrights,’’saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion(強迫,脅迫)fromunions.

SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.

Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.

Thebillhasotherprovisions(條款,規(guī)定)aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration(仲裁)whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2years,afactthatStraczewskicalls,“borderlineunconstitutional.”“Idon’tseehowitwillbenefitemployeesifthey’relockedintoacontract,”saidStraczewski.

Thebill’sproponentspointtothetrendofrecognizedunionsunabletogetcontractsfromunwillingemployers.TheFederalMediationandConciliationService,theorganizationthatoverseesarbitration,reportedthatin2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers.Thebillwouldalsostrengthenthepenaltiesforcompaniesthatillegallycoerceorintimidateemployees.Asitstands,thelawonthebookshasn’tchangedsubstantiallysincetheNationalLaborRelationsActwasmadeintolawin1935.TheNLBRcanenforcenootherpenaltythanreinstatingwrongfullyfiredemployeesorrecoveringlostwages.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Accordingtoitsopponents,thebill().

3.Theword"it"(Line5,Para.5)refersto().

4.PeoplesupportthebillbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT().

5.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

問題1選項

A.Housebillaimstospurlaboruniongrowth.

B.Housebillaimstocounterlaboruniongrowth.

C.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstospuremployment.

D.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstoraiseemployee’sincome.

問題2選項

A.willprotectemployees'rights

B.willbenefitworkersbybindingcontracts

C.willempowerunionstoomuch

D.makesitpossibleforemployeestoyieldtocoercionfromunions

問題3選項

A.thechange

B.thelegislation

C.theAFL-CIO

D.thedifference

問題4選項

A.thebillwillprobablyenableunionstohavefewermembersofprivateindustries

B.thebillwillallowauniontoberecognizedearlierandhaveagreateffectonthelocallevel

C.bindingarbitrationwillbeimposedtoprotectemployeesifacontractcan’tbeagreedonbetweenarecentlyestablishedunionandacompany

D.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

問題5選項

A.fewerprivateindustriesjoinedunionsinthepast

B.workers’coercionoftencomesfromunions

C.thebillwillbeawin-and-winoneforemployeesandemployers

D.punishmentauthorizedbythebillwillbelighter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文首段表明眾議院將出臺新立法,seekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployers,是為了維護工會的權(quán)利,激發(fā)工會的發(fā)展。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞opponents定位到原文第三段第三句,opponents指的是JasonStraczewski。后面他說道would?open?up?employees?to?coercion?(強迫:脅迫)from?unions,與選項D對應(yīng)。

3.語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第五段第五行,who指代的是前句中RichardShaw,it指代前句中的legislation。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干說下列哪項不是人們支持該法案的原因,文章首段couldreverse?decades?of?declining?membership?among?private?industries(立法有助于改善勞工與雇主之間的關(guān)系)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。最后一段提到in2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers(2004年,45%的新成立工會被雇主拒絕簽訂第一份合同),因此答案為A。

8.單選題

6.

問題1選項

A.2.6

B.3.5

C.3.9

D.136

【答案】D

【解析】W:Hello,Eric,whatcanIdoforyou?

M:Iwaswonderingifyouhadtheresults.

W:Oh,yes,theresults.We’vegotthem.

M:Great.

W:Herewego.Urea(尿素)2.6,Sodium(鈉)136,andPotassium(鉀)3.9.

M:3.5.

W:No,that’s3.9

Q:Whatistheman’ssodiumlevel?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說:Sodium(鈉)136,故選D。

9.問答題

Amidthemultipleviolentincidents,acrackdownonterrorisminallformshasbeenaddedto

A

B

China’stoppriorities.Thegovernmentcalledonimprovedintelligencecollection,integrated

C

preventionandcontrolmeasures,andbetterearly-warningandemergencyresponsecapabilities

D

soastoleavenoloopholesforterroriststoexploit.

【答案】試題答案:D;controlling

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞且and連接的為并列成分,需用一個形容詞來修飾名詞measures,因此用control的現(xiàn)在分詞形式controlling作定語。

10.不定項選擇題

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)creatingagreenhouseeffect-holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.

Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticulatematterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature-aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedoriotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen(thoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely).Perhaps,ifweverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.

1.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution().

2.Asfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcerned,theauthor().

3.Theword“offset”(Para.2)couldbeatbereplacedby().

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().

5.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith().

問題1選項

A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountryside

B.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates

C.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas

D.haddamagingeffectsonhealth

問題2選項

A.isuncertainofitsoccurrence

B.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists

C.rejectsitasbeingungrounded

D.thinksthatitwillincreasinglydestroytheworldsoon

問題3選項

A.setup

B.slipinto

C.makeupfor

D.catchupwith

問題4選項

A.raisingtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldnotdomuchharmtolifeontheearth

B.loweringtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldleadtoagriculturaldisasters

C.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecade

D.theworld’stemperaturewillremainstableforever

問題5選項

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.theburningoffossilfuels

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一句Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic(過去人們認(rèn)為空氣污染只影響工廠和/或汽車交通繁忙的大城市周圍地區(qū))可知C選項“僅存在于城市和工業(yè)地區(qū)”正確;A選項“在農(nóng)村造成了大面積的破壞”,B選項“影響整個美國東部的一半”以及D選項“對健康有破壞性影響”雖然在第一段有出現(xiàn),但是并不對應(yīng)題干Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution...(正如文章開頭所指出的那樣,人們過去認(rèn)為空氣污染……)所問的內(nèi)容,因此C選項符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞greenhouseeffect(溫室效應(yīng))定位到文章第一段最后一句Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater(如果這種觀點是正確的,世界溫度只上升幾度,那么極地冰蓋的大部分將融化,紐約、波士頓、邁阿密和新奧爾良等城市將被淹沒在水下)可以判斷出A選項“不確定它的發(fā)生”正確;B選項“與科學(xué)家的觀點相同”、C選項“拒絕它,因為它是沒有基礎(chǔ)的”和D選項“認(rèn)為它很快會越來越多地毀滅世界”都未在原文中提及;因此A選項符合題意。

第3題:語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞offset定位到文章第二段最后一句Perhaps,ifweverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow(也許,如果我們非常幸運的話,這兩種趨勢將相互彌補,世界溫度將保持在目前的水平);A選項setup“建立;裝配;開業(yè);豎立”;B選項slipinto“溜進(jìn);使滑入;匆忙穿上;大吃”;C選項makeupfor“補償,彌補”;D選項catchupwith“趕上,追上;逮捕;處罰”;offset(抵消,彌補),在本句中表示兩種趨勢互相彌補,因此C選項符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas(僅僅幾度的下降就可能導(dǎo)致一個接近新冰河期的情況,并將使我們的許多頂級農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)變得困難或不可能)可以判斷出B選項“把世界溫度降低一點點會導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)難”正確;根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater(如果這種觀點是正確的,世界溫度只上升幾度,那么極地冰蓋的大部分將融化,紐約、波士頓、邁阿密和新奧爾良等城市將被淹沒在水下)可以判斷出A選項“把地球的溫度升高一點點不會對地球上的生命造成太大的傷害”錯誤;根據(jù)文章第一段Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution(在過去的十年中,嚴(yán)重的空氣污染已經(jīng)數(shù)次覆蓋了整個美國東部地區(qū),甚至在遠(yuǎn)離制造業(yè)和汽車交通集中地區(qū)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)也發(fā)出了健康警告。事實上,整個地球的氣候都可能受到空氣污染的影響)可以判斷出C選項“在過去的十年里,幾乎沒有溫度變化發(fā)生”和D選項“世界溫度將永遠(yuǎn)保持穩(wěn)定”錯誤;因此B選項符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章圍繞空氣污染展開,根據(jù)第一段Itwasoncethoughtthata

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論