書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-崇左幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheGovernmentis（）thedangerofleadpollutioninourcities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goingfor

B.countingon

C.lookinginto

D.turningup

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。gofor主張，擁護(hù)；counton指望，依靠；lookinto調(diào)查，觀察；turnup出現(xiàn),

發(fā)生。句意：政府正在對本城市的主要危險(xiǎn)污染物進(jìn)行調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally（

）tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeoff

B.brokedown

C.brokeout

D.brokethrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)breakoff“（使）分離”；B選項(xiàng)breakdown“失敗”；C選項(xiàng)breakout“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突圍，突破”。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知句子前面表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由failedmanytimes（多次失?。┡cfinally（最終）可知D選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：史密斯醫(yī)生失敗了很多次，但他最終突破了，找到了解決問題的成功方法。

3.單選題

Acontroversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1998overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribo-nucleicacid)fingerprintingincriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonapatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenearemade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternitywhereitisnotclearwhothefa-therofaparticularchildis.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprint-inghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.

DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.

Thecontroversyin1998stemmedfromareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgenet-icistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass.,andDanielL.HartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlyde-terminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup.LewontinandHartlcalledforbettersurveysofDNApatternsmethodsareadequate.

Inresponsetotheircriticisms,populationgeneticistsRanajitChakrabortyoftheUniversityofTexasinDallasandKennethK.KiddofYaleUniversityinNewHaven,Conn.,arguedthatenoughdataarealreadyavailabletoshowthatthemethodscurrentlybeingusedareadequate.InJanuary1998,however,theFederalBureauofInvestigationandlaboratoriesthatconductDNAtestsan-nouncedthattheywouldcollectadditionalDNAsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsinanattempttoresolvesomeofthesequestions.And,inApril,aNationalAcademyofSciencescalledforstrictstandardsandsystemofaccreditationforDNAtestinglaboratories.

1.BeforeDNAfingerprintingisused,suspects（）.

2.DNAfingerprintingcanbeunreliablewhen（）.

3.TogeneticistslikeLewontinandHartl,thecurrentmethod（）.

4.TheattitudeoftheFederalBureauofInvestigationshowsthat（）.

5.NationalAcademyofSciencesholdsthestancethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldhavetoleavetheirfingerprintsforfurtherinvestigations

B.wouldhavetosubmitevidencefortheirinnocence

C.couldeasilyescapeconvictionofguilt

D.couldbeconvictedofguiltaswell

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.themethodsusedforblood-cellcalculationarenotaccurate

B.twodifferentindividualsofthesameethnicgroupmayhavethesameDNAfingerprintingpat-tern

C.amatchisbychanceleftwithfingerprintsthathappentobelongtotwodifferentindividuals

D.twodifferentindividualsleavetwoDNAsamples

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isnotsoconvincingastoexcludethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsamplescannevercomefromtwoindividuals

B.isarguablebecausetwoindividualsofthesameethnicgrouparelikelytohavethesameDNApattern

C.isnotbasedonadequatescientifictheoryofgenetics

D.istheoreticallycontradictorytowhattheyhavebeenstudying

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstoconfirmtheunlikelihoodoftwoDNAsamplescomingfromtwoindividualmembers

B.enoughdataofDNAsamplesshouldbecollectedtoconfirmthatonlyDNAsamplesfromthesamepersoncanmatch

C.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstodeterminethelikelihoodoftwodifferentDNAsamplescomingfromthesameperson

D.additionalsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsshouldbecollectedtodeterminethattwoDNAsamplesareunlikelytocomefromthesameperson

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtestingshouldbesystematized

B.onlyauthorizedlaboratoriescanconductDNAtesting

C.theacademyonlyisauthorizedtoworkoutstandardsfortesting

D.theacademyhastherighttoaccreditlaboratoriesforDNAtesting

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.此句考查定語從句，空格處應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞，而先行詞是zoologists，因此，正確答案為“who”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.句意為：牛津大學(xué)的動(dòng)物學(xué)家在對信鴿進(jìn)行了18個(gè)月的后，得出了結(jié)論，選項(xiàng)D“study”符合句意。

3.此處需要結(jié)合文章倒數(shù)第三句“Thescientistsconcludedthatpigeonsuseafamiliarvisuallandmarks（科學(xué)家得出結(jié)論，鴿子使用一種熟悉的視覺標(biāo)志物）。因此此處選項(xiàng)B“familiar”正確。

4.本句句意：鴿子會(huì)通過熟悉的地標(biāo)按原路返回家里，以最短的距離直線飛回家。這里D選項(xiàng)“ratherthan”是固定搭配，表示“而不是”。

5.此處句意為：鴿子因其長距離的導(dǎo)航能力而，選項(xiàng)C“known”與“for”搭配表示“因……聞名”，其他選項(xiàng)都不能與介詞for搭配使用，故選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.空格處句意：信鴿利用太陽和星星的、它們的內(nèi)置羅盤以及嗅覺來辨識方向。故C選項(xiàng)“position”符合句意。

7.根據(jù)空后的“oronajourney”判斷，此處應(yīng)填入與“journey”并列平行的單詞。因此選項(xiàng)B“distance”正確。

8.空格后分句句意：不同的因素會(huì)影響鴿子的航行，因此此處是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，雖然C選項(xiàng)“otherwise”也有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，但其后不跟逗號，故選項(xiàng)B“however”正確。

9.空格處句意：當(dāng)信鴿被放飛到離家近的地方時(shí)，它的導(dǎo)航能力似乎會(huì)受到不同因素的影響。因此此處應(yīng)選擇A項(xiàng)“when”，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。

10.空格處句意為：當(dāng)信鴿被放飛到離近的地方時(shí)，它的導(dǎo)航能力似乎會(huì)受到不同因素的影響。因此此處應(yīng)填C項(xiàng)home。

11.此處句意為：通過給信鴿安裝小型全球定位裝置，將它們放到離家?guī)坠锏牡胤阶鰧?shí)驗(yàn)，動(dòng)物行為學(xué)家由此得出了。選項(xiàng)C“conclusion”符合句意。

12.句意：給信鴿安裝全球定位裝置是用來信鴿的飛行位置的，選項(xiàng)D“record”符合句意。

13.此處表達(dá)的是：實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該對每一只信鴿每一次飛行過程中的每一秒進(jìn)行記錄，并且由“everysecond”推斷，此處為“per”。

14.此處句意為：在起點(diǎn)進(jìn)行放飛實(shí)驗(yàn)，選項(xiàng)A“same”符合句意。

15.此處句意為：最初的幾次放飛實(shí)驗(yàn)，信鴿的返回路徑與放飛路徑，選項(xiàng)B“varied”符合句意。

16.“takeoff”為固定搭配，表示“起飛”。

17.空格前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

18.“flightafterflight”為固定搭配，表示“成群的”。

19.“achainof”修飾后面的“l(fā)andmarks”表示“一連串路標(biāo)”。

20.句意：在信鴿返回的途中，高速公路就是。B項(xiàng)“such”正確。

4.單選題

IfJack（）,hewouldnothaveboughtthoseworthlessstocks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldhavelistenedtohiswife

B.hadlistenedtohiswife

C.listenedtowhathiswifehadsaid

D.wouldhavelistenedtohiswife’sadvice

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，if從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。符合語法的只有C項(xiàng)“l(fā)istenedtowhathiswifehadsaid”（聽他妻子說了些什么）。句意：如果杰克……，他就不會(huì)買那些毫無價(jià)值的股票了，結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。因此答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,theexplosionofaspiralnebulaorthedistributionofcosmicdust,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-rays,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly―thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlyamounttoabout7percentofitsoverallresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasicresearch.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience,tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrunratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit

（

）.

3.Thefederalgovernment

（

）.

4.Lessdevelopedcountries（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Roentgen'sIgnoranceofX-rays

B.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

C.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.isfrowneduponbytheFoundation

C.offersimmediateprofit

D.solvespracticalproblems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.devotesmorethan90%ofitsresearchanddevelopmentfundstoappliedresearch

B.spendsfarmoreonappliedresearchthanmilitaryproblems

C.opposestheFoundation’sgrantstobasicsearch

D.isnotconcernedaboutthenatureofthesearchbeingdonebythescientistsitemploys

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.devotealargeportionoftheirbudgettoappliedresearch

B.realizethatprogressdependsonbasicresearch

C.encouragetheircareerscientiststoexperiment

D.devotelessthan7%oftheirscientificbudgettobasicresearch

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由文章首句WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?為什么基金會(huì)把它的支持集中在基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究?以及第二段Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.為解決具體的實(shí)際問題而進(jìn)行的應(yīng)用研究具有直接的吸引力，因?yàn)槠浣Y(jié)果是可以看到和享受的?？芍疚闹饕v基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究的對比。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段中“Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly...撇開工業(yè)研究的經(jīng)費(fèi)不談——工業(yè)研究自然更關(guān)心應(yīng)用方面，因?yàn)檫@些能迅速增加利潤······可知C項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。由第二段中“...thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearch

currentlyamounttoabout7percentofitsoverallresearchanddevelopmentfunds.目前美國政府分配基礎(chǔ)研究基金金額約7%的整體研發(fā)基金?！笨芍A(chǔ)研究的投資額才7%，其他都用于應(yīng)用研究。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干中的Lessdevelopedcountries定位到第二段中的Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly―thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlyamounttoabout7percentofitsoverallresearchanddevelopmentfunds.“由于現(xiàn)實(shí)原因，任何國家在應(yīng)用研究上的投入總是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過在基礎(chǔ)研究上的投入，而在欠發(fā)達(dá)國家，這一比例更加不平等。撇開工業(yè)上的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)不談，工業(yè)上的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)自然更關(guān)心應(yīng)用方面的問題，因?yàn)檫@能迅速增加利潤。美國政府目前撥給基礎(chǔ)研究的經(jīng)費(fèi)大約占其全部研究和發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)的7%?！笨芍绹诨A(chǔ)應(yīng)用上的投資尚且才7%，再由欠發(fā)達(dá)國家比例更不平衡可知欠發(fā)達(dá)國家在基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用上的投資更少。故D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

____beinguseful,glassisalsoornamental.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Besides

B.Aside

C.Though

D.Because

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Besides除了……之外B.Aside（用于名詞之后）除……以外

C.Though盡管D.Because因?yàn)?/p>

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯與近義詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“____有用的，玻璃也（also）具有裝飾性?！庇伞耙玻╝lso）”可知，本句提到了玻璃的兩個(gè)特性：有用性和裝飾性，前后兩個(gè)分句之間是并列關(guān)系；另外，空格處所填詞位于句首，A選項(xiàng)Besides“除了……之外”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)Aside“除……以外”，語義雖然符合，但是使用位置不符；該詞用于名詞之后，（例如：Moneyworriesaside,thingsaregoingwell.除了資金令人發(fā)愁外，事情進(jìn)展順利。）；

C選項(xiàng)Though“盡管”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，不符合原句語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)Because“因?yàn)椤保碓?，不符合原句語義邏輯。

【句意】除了實(shí)用之外，玻璃也具有裝飾性。

7.單選題

Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.

Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelongrangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,whichendangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,butamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.

Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossofmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayofdefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.

Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcourse,tochangethatcourseandtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.

Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureifthecrisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—isacrisisthatisnopassinginconvenience,nobyproductoftheambitionsoftheoilproducingcountries,noenvironmentalists’merefears,nobyproductofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefaceistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,butitsacceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworld’schildrenandfuturegeneration.

1.Whichconditiondoestheauthorfeelhasnearlydestroyedourcities?

2.Theauthorinthesecondparagraphstateswhatweneedinourpresentsituationis（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneexampleofourlossofmorality?

4.Bycomparingpastproblemswithpresentones,theauthordrawsattentiontothe（

）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lackoffinancialplanning.

B.Thebreakupofthefamily.

C.Naturaldisastersinmanyregions.

D.Theexcessivegrowthofmotors.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.acontinuationofourpresentseriousstate

B.worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyuse

C.amovementforwardtoanewnormtoplanetresearchwork

D.astatewherelong-rangeplanningisessentialtous

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Disregardforlaw.

B.Lackofdevotion.

C.Lackofcooperation.

D.Exploitationofresources.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.significanceofthiscrisis

B.inadequacyofgovernments

C.similarityofthepasttothepresent

D.hopelessnessofthesituation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.汽車運(yùn)輸?shù)倪^度發(fā)展，伴隨著更多的汽車，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊區(qū)，更多的通勤，已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了我們城市的幾乎毀滅?！庇纱丝芍?，導(dǎo)致城市幾乎毀滅的是汽車運(yùn)輸?shù)倪^度發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)D選項(xiàng)‘汽車的過度增長’為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從文中第二段的內(nèi)容和第二句結(jié)尾“l(fā)ongrangeplanningisessential長期規(guī)劃是必不可少的”，推知D項(xiàng)‘一個(gè)長期規(guī)劃對我們至關(guān)重要的狀態(tài)’為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從文中第三段第二句“Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall．Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayindefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly．有一種強(qiáng)烈的要求，要求道德復(fù)興和一些足夠廣泛但又足夠個(gè)人的奉獻(xiàn)，以爭取所有人的奉獻(xiàn)。在過去，只有在某種程度上，為了保衛(wèi)自己的國家和自己的理想，人們才能夠全心全意地奉獻(xiàn)自己?！庇纱丝芍癓ackofdevotion”正確，即B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.判斷推理題。從文中的內(nèi)容推知，作者通過對過去和現(xiàn)在的問題的比較，是想使人們認(rèn)識到能源危機(jī)的重要性，即A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.單選題

EverySundayeveningthereisa（

）ofpeoplearoundthepavilionintheparksinceithasbecomearegularsiteforanEnglishcorner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.congruence

B.congratulation

C.congress

D.congregation

【答案】D

【解析】congruence適合，一致；congratulation祝賀，賀辭；congress代表大會(huì)；congregation集會(huì)，集合。句意：自從這里成為英語角的固定場所后，每個(gè)星期天的晚上都會(huì)有很多人聚集在公園的亭子周圍。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

ThelegendaryislandofAtlantiswas（）bytheseaanddisappearedwithoutatrace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emerged

B.disclosed

C.engulfed

D.whelmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emerge“顯現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)disclose“公開，揭露”；C選項(xiàng)engulfed“吞沒，席卷，卷入”；D選項(xiàng)whelmed“淹沒，用……覆蓋”，句意：傳說中的亞特蘭蒂斯島被大海吞沒，消失得無影無蹤。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Wearegoingto（）whatwerelearnedsofarbysomerevisionexercisetoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affirm

B.reinforce

C.consolidate

D.conform

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。affirm“肯定，斷言”；reinforce“加強(qiáng)”；consolidate“鞏固”；conform“使遵守”。根據(jù)whatwelearned“我們所學(xué)的”與bysomerevisionexercise“通過一些練習(xí)”可知是通過練習(xí)來鞏固我們所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

MurovyovkaNaturePark,aprivatenaturereserve,istheresultofthevisionanddeterminationofoneman,SergeiSmirenski.TheMoscowUniversityProfessorhasgainedthesupportofinternationalfundsaswellaslocalofficials,businessmenandCollectivefarms.

Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.TwoWisconsinfarmers,DonandEllenPadley,spentlastsummerpreparinglandinTanbovkadistrict,wheretheparkislocated，andtheywillreturnthissummertoplantit.

SpecialistsfromtheUniversityofUtahalsocametostudythelocalcattleindustry,lookingtodeveloppossibilitiesforbeefexportstoJapan.

Separately,10NewJerseyschoolteacherswillspendthesummerinthedistrictrunningsummercampsforthelocalchildrenthatwillstressfieldtripsandlecturesonthenaturearoundthem.

Theseprograms,particularlytheagriculturalproject,aregettingsomesupportfromtheUnitedStates,includingfundingfromtheMacArthurFoundation,theRockefellerBrothersFund,andtheUSAgencyforInternationalDevelopment.TheTrustforMutualUnderstandingandtheWeedierFoundationarealsosupportingtheInternationalCraneFoundation'sworkincreatingthepark.

TheWorldBankisfundingasmallprojecttostudythepossibilitiesforecotourismintheAinubasinregion.DeltaDreamVacations,aDeltaAirlinessubsidiary,islookingintoflightstoKhabarovskandVladivostokforecologytours,withsomeofthemoneygoingtosupportthezapovedniks(totallywildpreservesusedonlyforscientificresearch)intheregion.

ButthismoneyhasalsogeneratedajealousattemptbythelocalwildlifeservicetoblocktheMurovyovkaproject.

Theysaid,"Giveustheirmoney,andwe'lldoitbetter,"Smirenskisays.Theywenttothelocalcourttogetacourtordertohaltthecontract.Althoughtheyweresuccessfulatthatlevel,theAtomregionalgovernment,withencouragementfromMoscow,hasalreadymovedtoreversethedecisionasillegal.

"Idon'tpayattentiontothisnegativeside."Smirenskisayscharacteristicoptimisticfashion."Idecidedweshouldcontinuetocreate."

BeyondMurovyovka,thereareevenvastergrasslandsandwetlandsintheAmurbasinthatarevitalnestingareasforrarebirdssuchastheeasternwhitestork,andthered-crowned,white-napped;andhoodedcranes.Acomplexof100,000hectares,forexample,lieslargelyunprotectedinZhuravalini[literally"aplaceforcranes"]downstreamfromMurovyovkA.Creationofanationalpark,alongfortouristuse,hasbeenproposedforthisarea.

Akeypartoftheconservationstrategyistogainthesupportofregionalgovernmentsbygettingthemtoseethatsuchinternationallybackednatureprojectscanleadtobusinessandotherties,particularlytocountrieslikeJapanandChinA.Forexample,thecranesthatnestinRussiahavebeentrackedbysatellitetowinteringgroundsinIzumi,onJapan'ssouthernKyushuIslanD.Thislinkagehasprovedusefulbringingregionalofficialsfrombothcountriestogether.

Lastsummer,100JapaneseschoolchildrenfromtheTamaregionoutsideofTokyocametoKhabarovskontheAmentoexperiencethekindofuntouchednaturethathasdisappearedfromJapan.Aspartoftheexchange,theMayorofTamadonated26secondhandfiretruckstohiscounterpart.

"AfterthisthemayorofKhabarovsksaid,NowIwilllistentoyou,aboutyourbirdsandallyourproblems.'"RecountsSmirenski.Nowtheofficialsunderstandwhatcranesmeantothem."

1.Aprobablegoaloftheagriculturalprojectisto（）.

2.Summercampsintheareawill（）.

3.Projectsconnectedwiththedevelopmentofthenatureparkare（）.

4.Thezapovedniksappear（）.

5.ThepassageimpliesthatprojectslikeMurovyovka（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reducepollutioninreservefarmlands

B.induceUnitedNationscooperation

C.learnhowlocalfarmsareoperated

D.importnewbreedsoffarmanimals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bedesignedforforeignvisitors

B.beeducational

C.attractscientistsandecologists

D.housefieldlaborersandtheirfamiliesNormal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.selfsustaining

B.narrowinscopeandvision

C.attractingworld-wideattention

D.amassingscientificdata

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.eagertosupporttheNaturePark

B.opposedtooutsidefunding

C.enviousofthePark'ssuccess

D.tohavelegaljurisdictionofthearea

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.faceinsurmountablefinancialproblems

B.taketoomuchfromlocalresidents

C.increasetheneedforfireengines

D.canpromoteinternationalcooperation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞agriculturalproject定位到原文第二段“Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.”，中文翻譯：由于他的努力，農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目也在進(jìn)行中，是為了建立一個(gè)試驗(yàn)性農(nóng)場，教當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民在不使用大量殺蟲劑和化肥這一傳統(tǒng)方法的情況下如何耕作。綜合考慮，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞summercamps定位到原文“Separately,10NewJerseyschoolteacherswillspendthesummerinthedistrictrunningsummercampsforthelocalchildrenthatwillstressfieldtripsandlecturesonthenaturearoundthem.”，中文翻譯：另外，10名新澤西學(xué)校的教師將在該地區(qū)為當(dāng)?shù)貎和e辦夏令營，這些夏令營將強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)地考察和關(guān)于周圍大自然的講座。因此最佳答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文“Theseprograms,particularlytheagriculturalproject,aregettingsomesupportfrom...”，中文翻譯：“這些項(xiàng)目，特別是農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目，正得到多方支持，如……”可以推斷出答案選擇C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞zapovedniks定位到原文“…withsomeofthemoneygoingtosupportthezapovedniks(totallywildpreservesusedonlyforscientificresearch)intheregion.”中文翻譯為：部分資金將用于支持該地區(qū)的zapovedniks(僅用于科學(xué)研究的野生保護(hù)區(qū))。以及文章中“ButthismoneyhasalsogeneratedajealousattemptbythelocalwildlifeservicetoblocktheMurovyovkaproject.”，中文翻譯為：這筆錢也引起了當(dāng)?shù)匾吧鷦?dòng)物機(jī)構(gòu)的嫉妒，以阻止穆羅維約夫項(xiàng)目?？芍珻項(xiàng)符合題目描述。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文“Akeypartoftheconservationstrategyistogainthesupportofregionalgovernmentsbygettingthemtoseethatsuchinternationallybackednatureprojectscanleadtobusinessandotherties,particularlytocountrieslikeJapanandChina.”，中文翻譯為：保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是通過讓地方政府認(rèn)識到這種國際支持的自然項(xiàng)目能夠建立商業(yè)和其他聯(lián)系，特別是與日本和中國這樣的國家建立聯(lián)系，從而獲得區(qū)域政府的支持?？芍選項(xiàng)正確。

12.填空題

Eachmanisateverymomentsubjected（1）severaldifferentsetsoflawbutthereisonlyoneofthesewhichheisfree

（2）

disobey.Asabody,heissubjectedtogravitationand

（3）

disobeyit;ifyouleavehimunsupportedinmid-air,hehasnomorechoiceaboutfalling

（4）

astonehas.Asanorganism,heissubjectedtovariousbiologicallawswhichhecannotdisobeyanymorethan

（5）

animalcan.Thisis,hecannotdisobeythoselawswhichheshares

（6）

otherthings;butthelawwhichispeculiar

（7）

hishumannature,thelawhedoesnotsharewithanimalsorvegetablesorinorganicthings,istheonehecandisobey

（8）

hechooses.

Thislawwas

（9）

theLawofNaturebecausepeoplethoughtthateveryoneknewitbynatureanddidnotneedtobetaught

（10）

.Theydidnotmean,ofcourse,thatyoumightnotfindanoddindividualhereandthere

（11）

didnotknowit,justasyoufindafewpeoplewhoarecolor-blindorhave

（12）

earforatune.Buttakingtheraceasa

（13）

,theythoughtthatthehumanideaofdecentbehaviorwasobvioustoeveryone.Therehave

（14）

differencesbetweenpeople’smoralitiesindifferentcivilizationsandages,

（15）

thesehaveneveramounted

（16）anythinglikeatotaldifference.Menhavedifferedasregardswhatpeople

（17）

oughttobeunselfishto,whetheritwasonlyyourownfamily,oryourfellowcountrymen,oreveryone,buttheyhavealwaysagreedthatyouought

（18）

toputyourselffirst.Menhavedifferedastowhetheryoushouldhave

（19）

wifeorfour,buttheyhavealways

（20）

thatyoumustnotsimplyhaveanywomanyouliked.

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。besubjectedto意為“服從于……，受限于……”。

試題答案：to

2.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)句中的but可知句子前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折。befreeto意為“不受約束”，與前面句意進(jìn)行對比。

試題答案：to

3.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)后面的“hehasnomorechoice...hecannotdisobey”可知他不能違抗重力。

試題答案：cannot

4.考查比較級。根據(jù)前面的“hasnomorechoice”可知此處是將人類與石頭進(jìn)行比較。than意為“與……比較”。

試題答案：than

5.考查不定冠詞?！癮/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示類別，a用在輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前；an則用在元音因素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。

試題答案：an

6.考查介詞搭配。sharewith意為“與…分享”，與后面的“hedoesnotsharewithanimals”相對應(yīng)。

試題答案：with

7.考查介詞搭配。bepeculiarto意為“為…所獨(dú)有的”。

試題答案：to

8.考查連詞。根據(jù)空格前“theonehecandisobey”與空格后“hechooses”可知此處表示條件關(guān)系，用連詞if。

試題答案：if

9.考查上下文語義。這個(gè)法則被稱為自然法則，用call的過去分詞called。

試題答案：called

10.考查代詞。根據(jù)前面的“everyoneknewit”可知此處表示不需要被教它，填it。

試題答案：it

11.考查關(guān)系代詞。從句中缺少主語且先行詞“anoddindividual（一個(gè)古怪的人）”指人，因此填who。

試題答案：who

12.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)前面的“whoarecolor-blind（色盲）”和空格前的“or”連接兩個(gè)并列的成分。havenoearfor意為“對……沒有欣賞能力”，與color-blind相對應(yīng)。

試題答案：no

13.考查固定搭配。asawhole意為“整體而言”。此處表示“就這個(gè)種族整體而言”。

試題答案：whole

14.考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的“haveneveramounted”可知此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，be的過去分詞為been。

試題答案：been

15.考查連詞。根據(jù)前面的difference與后面的havenever可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用連詞but。

試題答案：but

16.考查介詞搭配。amountto意為“發(fā)展成為；共計(jì)”。

試題答案：to

17.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)后面的youought可知此處填對應(yīng)的代詞you。

試題答案：you

18.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)句子開頭的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，但你不應(yīng)該把自己放在第一位，因此填表示否定的副詞not。

試題答案：not

19.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)后面的four可知此處為數(shù)詞，wife為單數(shù)形式，因此填數(shù)詞one。

試題答案：one

20.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)第18空前面的buttheyhavealwaysagreedthat可知此處填agreed，與其相對應(yīng)。

試題答案：agreed

13.翻譯題

作為中國歷史上一個(gè)文化與智慧迅速擴(kuò)張的時(shí)代，諸子百家始于公元前770年，終于公元前222年。這個(gè)時(shí)代被譽(yù)為中國思想的黃金時(shí)期和百家爭鳴的時(shí)期，它見證了不同思想學(xué)派的興起。

不少起源于這個(gè)時(shí)代的中國古典著作直到今日對中國人的生活方式和社會(huì)意識還有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這個(gè)時(shí)代的知識型社會(huì)以流動(dòng)的智者為特征，這些智者被不同國家的君主任用為顧問，針對治國之道、治軍之道和外交手段提出建議。

儒家思想可能是對國人生活最具有長遠(yuǎn)影響的本體思想。它還被稱為學(xué)者學(xué)派，其文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)存在于儒家典籍中，這些典籍為傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)，這種思想的代表人物是孔子，他主張君主以仁治國。孟子是孔子的弟子，他為儒家思想中人道的傳播做出了主要貢獻(xiàn)，宣揚(yáng)“人性本善”。

中國同樣見證了國學(xué)思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的發(fā)展。它由傳說中的圣人老子和莊子所構(gòu)建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的個(gè)人而不是社會(huì)中的個(gè)人。根據(jù)道家思想，每個(gè)人的生活目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是調(diào)整自我來適應(yīng)自然世界的節(jié)奏，順應(yīng)宇宙的模式，和諧生活。

總而言之，“百家爭鳴”的景象出現(xiàn)在2500年前的春秋時(shí)期和