書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

隨著對知識內(nèi)涵認識的加深，人類也從不同角度對知識進行分類。從某種意義上說，對知識進行分類恰恰是建立在對內(nèi)涵的理解之上的，分類原則本身也在一定程度上體現(xiàn)出人類在不同社會經(jīng)濟形態(tài)下對知識作用的不同認識。我國曾一度按照知識的來源將其劃分為三類：來源于生產(chǎn)實踐的知識、來源于社會實踐的知識以及來源于科學(xué)實驗的知識。德國哲學(xué)家馬克斯?舍勒(MaxScheller)將知識劃分為應(yīng)用知識、學(xué)術(shù)知識和精神知識三大類。隨著知識經(jīng)濟理論的逐漸發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟合作發(fā)展組織對知識的分類成為目前最具有權(quán)威性和流行性的一種。根據(jù)該組織《以知識為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟》一書的劃分，可以將“知識’’歸納為四種類型：事實知識、原理知識、技能知識和人力知識。以上分類是從知識使用的角度進行的，因而注重知識的實踐性和價值性。為了更深地理解知識的含義，并對其進行有效的管理，我們還可進一步將知識劃分為兩大類別：顯性知識和隱性知識。

【答案】Withthedeepeningunderstandingtheessenceofknowledge,knowledgeisclassifiedfromdifferentangles.Inonesense,thisclassificationisbasedontheunderstandingoftheessenceofknowledge,andtheclassifyingprincipleitself,tocertainextent,reflectsthedifferentunderstandingofthefunctionsofknowledgeunderdifferentsocial-economicalcircumstances.InChina,thesourcesofknowledgehavebeendivided,foratime,intothreekinds:knowledgecomesfromproductionpractice,fromsocialpracticeandfromscientificexperimentation.WhileMaxScheier,theGermanphilosopher,holdsthatapplicationknowledge,academicknowledgeandspiritualknowledgearethethreecategoriesformthewholeofknowledge.Asthesteadydevelopmentofknowledgeeconomytheory,thecategorizationofknowledgeaccordingtotheOrganizationofEconomicCooperation&Developmentisbyfarmostpopularandholdsgreatestauthority.AsperthebookEconomyBasedonKnowledgepublishedbytheorganization,“knowledge”canbecategorizedasthefollowingfourtypes:facts,principles,skillsandhumanknowledge.Thisclassificationisworkedbyconsideringtheapplicationofknowledge,thusmoreattentionispaidtoitspracticabilityandvalue.However,tounderstanddeeperthedefinitionofknowledge,andcarryouteffectivemanagement,wemayfurtherdivideitintotwocategories:visibleknowledgeandinvisibleone.

2.單選題

Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch___bythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.

問題1選項

A.intervened

B.insulated

C.hampered

D.pampered

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項intervened“介入（intervene的過去式和過去分詞）”；B選項insulated“有隔熱（或隔音、絕緣）保護的”；C選項hampered“受阻礙的”；D選項pampered“飲食過量的；飲食奢侈的”。句意：這種流行病的突然爆發(fā)并沒有給當?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)帶來多大的___。本句表達“當?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)并沒有受阻礙”，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theytendtobesilencedintosubmission.

B.Theyfindithardtodefendthemselves.

C.Theywillfeelproudofbeingpioneers.

D.Theywillfeelsomewhatencouraged.

問題2選項

A.Onewhoadvocatesviolenceineffectingchange.

B.Onewhocravesforrelentlesstransformations.

C.Onewhoactsintheinterestsoftheoppressed.

D.Onewhorebelsagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

問題3選項

A.Theytriedtoeffectsocialchangebyforce.

B.Theydisruptedthenation’ssocialstability.

C.Theyservedasadrivingforceforprogress.

D.Theydidmoreharmthangoodtohumanity.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Whatisaradical?Itseemstodaythatpeopleareterrifiedoftheterm,particularlyofhavingthelabelattachedtothem.[16]Accusingindividualsorgroupsofbeingradicaloftenservestosilencethemintosubmission,therebymaintainingtheexistingstateofaffairs,andmoreimportant,preservingthepowerofaselectminoritywhoaremostlywealthywhitemalesinWesternsociety.Feminismisaperfectexampleofthisphenomenon.Thewomen’smovementhasbeenplaguedbystereotypes,misrepresentationsbythemedia,andaccusationsofmanhatingandradicalism.Whenthebasicfoundationoffeminismissimplythatwomendeserveequalrightsinallfacetsoflife,whenfacedwithathreatofbeinglabelledradical,womenbackdownfromtheirworthycauseandconsequentlyparticipateintheirownoppression.Ithasgottentothepointthatmanywomenareafraidtocallthemselvesfeministsbecauseofthestigmaattachedtotheword.Ifpeoplerefusedtobecontrolledandintimidatedbystigmas,thestigmaslosealltheirpower.Withoutfearonwhichtofeed,suchstigmascanonlydie.

Tome,[17]aradicalissimplysomeonewhorebelsagainstthenorm,whatadvocatesachangeintheexistingstateofaffairs.Oncloserinspection,itbecomesclearthatthenormisconstantlyevolvingandthereforeisnotaconstantentity.Sowhy,then,isdeviationfromthepresentsituationsuchathreatwhenthisstateofaffairsitselfisunstableandsubjecttorelentlesstransformation?Itallgoesbacktomaintainingthepowerofthosewhohaveitandpreventingtheriseofthosewhodon’t.

Infact,whenwelookattheword“radical”inahistoricalcontext,nearlyeveryfigurewenowholdupasaherowasconsideredaradicalinhisorhertime.Radicalsarepeoplewhoaffectchange.Theyarethepeopleaboutwhomhistoryiswritten.Abolitionistswereradicals.Civilrightsactivistswereradicals.Eventhefoundersofourcountry,inthefighttowinindependencefromEngland,wereradicals.Theirpresenceinhistoryhaschangedthewayoursocietyfunctions,mainlybyshiftingthebalanceofpowerthatpreviouslyexisted.Ofcourse,therearesomeradicalswho’vemadeanegativeimpactonhumanity,[18]butundeniably,therewouldsimplybenoprogresswithoutradicals.Thatbeingsaid,nexttimesomeonecallsmearadical,Iwillacceptthatlabelwithpride.

16.Whatusuallyhappenswhenpeopleareaccusedofbeingradical?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問被人指責(zé)太過激進時，通常情況下會發(fā)生什么？錄音提到，指責(zé)某個人或某個組織太過激進，常常能夠讓這個人或這個組織沉默、屈服，A選項“他們傾向于沉默并屈服”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)為自己辯護很難”，錄音中并沒有提及被指責(zé)者試圖為自己辯護，因此可排除；C選項“他們?yōu)樽约旱南蠕h身份感到自豪”和D選項“他們一定程度上感到受鼓舞”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此也可排除。

17.Whatisthespeaker’sdefinitionofaradical?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話人對“激進分子”的定義是什么？錄音中提及說話人認為“激進分子”是反抗常規(guī)，提倡改變現(xiàn)狀的人。D選項中theexistingsocialorder是錄音thenorm的轉(zhuǎn)述，因此D選項“反抗現(xiàn)有社會秩序的人”正確。A選項“提倡暴力以促進改變的人”，錄音中并未提及提倡暴力，因此不正確；B選項“追求無休止變化的人”，錄音中說的是事情本身是不穩(wěn)定的和無休止變化的，并沒有提及激進分子追求無休止的變化，因此不正確；C選項“為受壓迫者的利益而行動的人”，錄音中只提到了oppression這個單詞，其他信息是沒有依據(jù)的，因此排除。

18.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofmostradicalsintheAmericanhistory?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話人如何看待美國歷史上的大部分激進分子？錄音中說話人指出：若沒有激進者，就沒有進步。C選項“他們是促進社會進步的力量”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“他們試圖通過暴力引發(fā)社會變革”；B選項“他們擾亂了國家的社會穩(wěn)定”和D選項“他們對人類的壞處大于好處”均屬于負面評價，與說話人的看法不符，因此不選。

4.單選題

Theearthquakeof26thDecember,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasa（1）underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.It（2）coastlines,communitiesandbroughtdeathtoomanypeople.

Whydoearthquakeshappen?

Thesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving（3）(althoughveryslowly)andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisone

（4）

ofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheearth(tectonicplate)

（5）

another.Scientistscanpredictwherebutnot

（6）thismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.OnonefaultlineinKobe,Japanin1923over200,000peoplewerekilled.

（7）

,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,

（8）iswhytheyaresodangerousand

（9）

.

Wheredovolcanoeshappen?

Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth’s

（10）

isthin:lava,dustandgases（11）frombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoahugeconeshapelikeamountainanderupt,

（12）theycanbesoviolent

（13）

theyjustexplodedirectlyfromtheearthwithnowarning.Thereare1,511（14）volcanoesintheworld.Thismeansthattheymay

（15）BEDANGEROUS.In1985theColombianvolcanoNevadoDelRuizerupted.Thelavameltedaglacierandsenttonesofmud

（16）thetownbelow.Twentythousandpeopledied.

Naturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptionsarcoftenunpredictable.Weregularlydonotknowwhenthey

（17）happen,or

（18）wheretheywillhappen.Inthefuture,scientistsmaybeabletowatchandpredict

（19）beforetheyhappen.Thiscould（20）manylives.

問題1選項

A.massive

B.significant

C.great

D.grand

問題2選項

A.changed

B.converted

C.destroyed

D.transformed

問題3選項

A.frequently

B.periodically

C.regularly

D.continuously

問題4選項

A.source

B.cause

C.movement

D.reason

問題5選項

A.collideswith

B.confrontswith

C.meetswith

D.faceswith

問題6選項

A.how

B.why

C.when

D.what

問題7選項

A.Generally

B.However

C.Similarly

D.Anyway

問題8選項

A.which

B.it

C.this

D.that

問題9選項

A.irresistible

B.inevitable

C.unaccountable

D.unpredictable

問題10選項

A.surface

B.appearance

C.crust

D.cover

問題11選項

A.burstout

B.flowedout

C.leakedout

D.trickledout

問題12選項

A.and

B.or

C.nor

D.but

問題13選項

A.like

B.for

C.as

D.that

問題14選項

A.living

B.alive

C.active

D.live

問題15選項

A.relatively

B.still

C.hardly

D.gradually

問題16選項

A.beyond

B.on

C.across

D.down

問題17選項

A.might

B.should

C.must

D.areto

問題18選項

A.though

B.whether

C.even

D.else

問題19選項

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.occasions

D.events

問題20選項

A.rescue

B.save

C.preserve

D.shelter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項massive“大而重的，巨大的”；B選項significant“重要的，暗示的，有含義的”；C選項great“大的，巨大的，非常的，很多的”；D選項grand“壯觀的，神氣活現(xiàn)的，顯赫的”，根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“嚴重的災(zāi)難”，A選項正確。

（2）動詞詞義辨析。A選項change“改變”；B選項convert“改變（某事物）的形式或用途”；C選項destroy“摧毀，毀壞”；D選項transform“完全改變某物外觀或特性”，本句句意為‘地震毀壞了海岸線、社區(qū)，給太多人帶來了死亡’。根據(jù)句意可知這里強調(diào)“摧毀，毀壞”，C選項正確。

（3）副詞詞義辨析。A選項frequently“頻繁地，屢次，時?！保籅選項periodically“周期性地，偶爾，定期地”，C選項regularly“有規(guī)律地，經(jīng)常地，習(xí)慣性地，定期地，整齊地,均勻地”；D選項continuously“連續(xù)不斷地，接連地”，句意‘地球表面一直以來都在“持續(xù)”運動，’D選項符合句意。

（4）名詞詞義辨析。A選項source“來源，根源”；B選項cause“原因，導(dǎo)致某事物發(fā)生的事物、人等”；C選項movement“運動”；D選項reason“理由，動機”，根據(jù)句意“地球表面的持續(xù)運動是導(dǎo)致地震的原因”，表示發(fā)生的客觀起因應(yīng)該用cause，B選項正確。

（5）動詞短語詞義辨析。A選項collidewith“（指運動中的物體或人）猛撞某物或互撞”；B選項confrontwith“使某人面對或正視令人不快、令人頭疼等的人/事物”；C選項meetwith“碰見（某人），相逢；D選項"facewith“面對或面向某人/某事物”，由常識和句意‘地震是地殼的不同板塊“碰撞”所造成的，’A選項正確。

（6）疑問詞詞義辨析。A選項how“如何，多少，怎樣”；B選項why“為什么”；C選項when“何時，什么時候”；D選項what“什么”，由句意和語境‘科學(xué)家已經(jīng)能分析出地震的原因和預(yù)測其發(fā)生的地點，只有時間無法確認?！疌選項正確。

（7）副詞詞義辨析。A選項generally“普遍地，一般來說”；B選項however“然而，不過，可是”；C選項similarly“同樣地，類似于”；D選項anyway“總之，無論如何”，此處與前一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折，說明地震不一定都發(fā)生在斷裂帶，因此地震很危險且難以預(yù)測。所以填表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思的副詞，B選項However更符合語境。

（8）非限制性定語從句的用法。句意為“然而，地震并不總發(fā)生在斷層線上，這就是為什么它們非常危險而且不可預(yù)測?！狈治鼍渥涌芍@是個為非限制性定語從句，先行詞指代前面的整句話，用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，A選項正確。

（9）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項irresistible“不可抵抗的”；B選項inevitable“不可避免的”;C選項unaccountable“無法解釋的，難以說明的”；D選項unpredictable“無法預(yù)料的，不可預(yù)知的”，句意‘地震的不可預(yù)測大大増加它的危險性’，下文中也提到了這個詞。D選項正確。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。A選項surface“表面，表層”；B選項appearance“外貌，外觀”；C選項crust“地殼，外殼”；D選項cover“封面，遮掩物”，句意為“火山發(fā)生在地殼很薄弱的地方”。這里earth’scrust指的是“地殼”，C選項符合題意。

（11）動詞短語辨析。A選項burstout“爆炸，脹破，爆破”;B選項flowout“外流”；C選項leakout“（指情報）泄露，透露”;D選項trickleout“（使某物）成小股流動”，句意為“巖漿、灰塵和氣體從地底下噴發(fā)出來”，A選項表示爆發(fā)出來，正確。

（12）連詞詞義辨析。A選項and表示并列和順承關(guān)系；B選項or表示選擇或“否則”的意思；C選項nor不是；D選項but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞，本句句意為“它們可以上升到像一座山一樣的一個巨大的錐形形狀并噴出，或者它們可以非常猛烈以至于毫無預(yù)警地直接在地球上爆炸”。分析句子可知，這里是描述火山噴發(fā)的兩種不同的狀態(tài)和表現(xiàn)，B選項正確。

（13）so...that...句型的用法。根據(jù)句意“它們可以上升到像一座山一樣的一個巨大的錐形形狀并噴出，或者它們可以非常猛烈以至于毫無預(yù)警地直接在地球上爆炸?！笨芍揪淇疾镾0+形容詞+that從句表示“如此……以至于……”，D選項正確。

（14）形容詞詞義和用法辨析。A選項living當形容詞講意為“活的，現(xiàn)存的，活躍的，逼真的”；B選項alive作形容詞意為“活著的，活潑的，有生氣的”；C選項active意為“積極的，活躍的，主動的，有效的”；D選項live作形容詞意為“活的，生動的，實況轉(zhuǎn)播的，精力充沛的”，句意為“現(xiàn)在世界上有1511座活火山”。這里強調(diào)活火山activevolcano，C選項正確。

（15）副詞詞義辨析。A選項relatively“相對地，比較而言，相當?shù)亍保籅選項still“還，更，仍”；C選項hardly“幾乎不”；D選項gradually“逐步地，漸漸地”，句意為“這就意味著這些火山仍然有噴發(fā)的危險?！盉選項表示“仍然，還是”正確。

（16）介詞詞義辨析。A選項beyond意為“超過，越過，那一邊，在……較遠的一邊”；B選項on意為“在……上面，指表面接觸”；C選項across表示“從表面穿過”;D選項down表示“沿著”，本句句意為“火山噴發(fā)的巖漿使冰川融化，將數(shù)噸泥土沖到山下的城鎮(zhèn)”。根據(jù)句意可知這里強調(diào)“沿著”，D選項正確。

（17）情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析。A選項might“可能，也許”，表示推測時語氣較委婉；B選項should表示“應(yīng)該”；C選項must語氣較為強烈，表示“必須”；D選項areto表示“打算做”，句意為“自然災(zāi)害有可能發(fā)生，只是人們并不知道什么時候會發(fā)生”。A選項表示語氣委婉正確。

（18）even的用法辨析。根據(jù)語境可知句意為“我們通常不知道這些自然災(zāi)害什么時候可能會發(fā)生，甚至不知道它們會在哪里發(fā)生。后半句的or部分加深程度；A選項though為引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從局的連詞；B選項whether表示“是否”；C選項even強調(diào)程度上的更進一步；D選項else表示“其他的”。根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

（19）名詞詞義辨析。A選項accidents“事故”；B選項incidents“事情，發(fā)生的事”；C選項occasions“場合，時機”；D選項events“活動，事情”，句意為“科學(xué)家們或許能夠在事件發(fā)生之前觀察和預(yù)測到”，events此處可泛指所有自然災(zāi)害活動，D選項正確。

（20）動詞詞義辨析。A選項rescue“援救”；B選項save“挽救”；C選項preserve“保護，維護（某事物）”；D選項shelter“遮蔽，庇護”，句意為“在將來，科學(xué)們也許能夠在自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生之前觀察和預(yù)測它們的活動。這將會拯救很多生命”，B選項“挽救”正確。

5.寫作題

Inmanycountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?Writeapassageonthetopicinabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.

【答案】略。

6.單選題

Anearrevolutionhasoccurredoverthepastdecadeinourunderstandingoftheimpactsofclimatechange.Boththenaturalscienceandtheeconomicsunderlyingpredictionsofclimate-changeimpactshavealtereddramatically.Climatescientistshavereducedthemagnitudeofpredictedwarming,suggestingmilderfutureclimatescenarios.Ecologistshaveshiftedfrompredictingecosystemcollapsetopredictingthatnetprimaryproductivitywilllikelyincreaseoverthelongrun.Andeconomistsarenolongerpredictinglargedamages,butratheramixtureofdamagesandbenefits.

Thesechangesaresodramaticthatitisnotclearwhethertheneteconomiceffectsfromclimatechangeoverthenextcenturywillbeharmflilorhelpful.Thenewresearchfurthersuggeststhateffectsarelikelytovaryacrosstheplanet.Wenowexpecttemperateandpolarcountriestoenjoysmalleconomicgains,whereastropicalcountriesaremorelikelytosuffereconomiclosses.

Ofcourse,wehavenotbanishedalluncertainty,whichwillalwayshauntfutureprojectionsofoutcomes.Thedynamicsofecosystemsarepoorlyunderstood;carboncyclesmaychangeovertime;polaricemaygenerateunwelcomesurprises;andtheeffectsofchangeontropicalregionshavenotyethadthethoroughstudytheyrequire.Nonetheless,therecentscientificandeconomicfindingscreateanewperspectiveonthegreenhouse-gasproblem,andthisnewvision,inturn,callsfornewstrategiesandnewpoliticaloutcomes.

Thereductionindamage-estimatesremovestheurgencytoengageincostlycrashabatementprograms.Ourinitialperspectiveongreenhousegasessuggestedthatwewererapidlyapproachingtheedgeofacliff.Thosefearsnowappearunfounded,fortheimpactsfromclimatewarmingseemtoberelativelysmallforthenextcentury.Therewillbedamagestobesure,buttheywillbeoffsetbybenefits.Thenetexpectedeffectnowisclosertozeroratherthanto2percentofGDP.Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.

1.Theoverallpurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“newperspective”(Para.3)istheresultofashiftfrom

（

）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelyagreethat

（

）.

4.Theauthorassumesthatthereader（

）.

問題1選項

A.pointoutflawsincurrentmethodsofclimateanalysis

B.raiseawarenessofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofglobalwarming

C.proposesanewmethodforstudyingtheeffectsofglobalwarming

D.suggestpolicychangesinlightofrecentscientificfindings

問題2選項

A.scientificanalysistoeconomicanalysis

B.dreadfulpredictionstomoderatepredictions

C.afocusonthepasttoafocusinthefuture

D.afocusonpolarregionstoafocusontropicalregions

問題3選項

A.governmentsshouldactswiftlytocurbgreenhousegasemissions

B.itisunclearwhethercarbondioxidecontributestoglobalwarming

C.economicanalysisshouldbeconsideredwhenformulatingapolicyfordealingwithglobalwarming

D.theimpactsfromglobalwarmingwillbeveryhighinthecomingcentury

問題4選項

A.isconcernedmorewiththebenefitsofpoliciesthantheircosts

B.isconcernedwithcurbingtheemissionsofgreenhousegases

C.iswillingtoconsiderlong-termeconomiceffects

D.hasaweaknessforinefficientcarsandappliance

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)著眼長遠，而且應(yīng)是廉價和具有成本效益的。”可知與D項“政策的改變應(yīng)以最近的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)為依據(jù)”正確。A項“指出當前氣候分析方法的不足”；B項“提高對全球變暖潛在破壞性影響的認識”；C項“提出了一種研究全球變暖影響的新方法”D項“根據(jù)最近的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)建議政策的改變”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第三段中的Nonetheless,therecentscientificandeconomicfindingscreateanewperspectiveonthegreenhouse-gasproblem...盡管如此，最近的科學(xué)和經(jīng)濟發(fā)現(xiàn)溫室氣體問題上有一個新的視角。可知newperspective是由于therecentscientificandeconomicfindings而產(chǎn)生的，結(jié)合第一段中“Climatescientistshavereducedthemagnitudeofpredictedwarming,…Ecologistshaveshiftedfrompredictingecosystemcollapsetopredictingthatnetprimaryproductivitywilllikelyincreaseoverthelongrun.Andeconomistsarenolongerpredictinglargedamages,butratheramixtureofdamagesandbenefits.氣候科學(xué)家已經(jīng)降低了預(yù)測的變暖幅度……生態(tài)學(xué)家已經(jīng)從預(yù)測生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰轉(zhuǎn)向預(yù)測，凈初級生產(chǎn)力可能會長期增加。經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們不再預(yù)測損失會很大，而是預(yù)測損失和收益的混合體?？芍狟項“從可怕的預(yù)測到溫和的預(yù)測”相符。

3.判斷推理題。定位到最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)著眼長遠，而且應(yīng)是廉價和具有成本效益的。”可知C項“在制定應(yīng)對全球變暖的政策時，經(jīng)濟分析應(yīng)該被考慮到”正確。由“Thereductionindamage-estimatesremovestheurgencytoengageincostlycrashabatementprograms.損失估算的減少消除了實施代價高昂的墜機事故消除計劃的緊迫性”可知A項“各國政府應(yīng)迅速采取行動，遏制溫室氣體排放”不對，B項“目前還不清楚二氧化碳是否對全球變暖有貢獻”沒有提及。由“Thosefearsnowappearunfounded,fortheimpactsfromclimatewarmingseemtoberelativelysmallforthenextcentury.現(xiàn)在看來，這些擔(dān)憂似乎毫無根據(jù)，因為氣候變暖對下個世紀的影響似乎相對較小。可知D項“未來一個世紀，全球變暖的影響將是巨大的”不對。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)該從長遠來設(shè)計，應(yīng)該是便宜的和具有成本效益的。可知C項“作者假定讀者愿意考慮長期的經(jīng)濟影響”正確。

7.單選題

Thefarmeroutupironfencesaroundtheflower（）gardenneighbor’ssheepshouldbreakin.

問題1選項

A.onconditionthat

B.nowthat

C.lest

D.but

【答案】C

【解析】onconditionthat如果；nowthat既然,由于；lest唯恐,以免。句意：為了防止鄰居家的羊搞破壞,農(nóng)民在花園周圍搭起了鐵柵欄。選項C符合句意。

8.單選題

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould（）.

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay（）.

問題1選項

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

問題2選項

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

問題3選項

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

問題4選項

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

問題5選項

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或許最重要的原因是，這個問題一直以來都帶有濃厚的政治色彩。由此可知B選項involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把歷史偏見放在一邊，采取一些措施來解決我們迫切的住房需求。由此可知C選項sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏見符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部長唐福斯特暗示，財政大臣喬治奧斯本可能會對地方政府現(xiàn)有的住房債務(wù)上限引入更多的靈活性。由此可知A選項allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允許政府增加住房債務(wù)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部長們還應(yīng)著眼于在租賃環(huán)境中創(chuàng)造更大的確定性，這將對已注冊供應(yīng)商從收入中為新開發(fā)項目提供資金的能力產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此可知C選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.”盡管這些措施在短期內(nèi)會受到歡迎，但我們必須正視這樣一個事實：將于2015年到期的、為新保障性住房提供資金的現(xiàn)有45億英鎊資助計劃，不太可能在2015年之后延長。以及文章最后提到的“Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate（我們需要適應(yīng)這個正在變化的情形）”，thisclimate指的也是政府將不會提供大規(guī)模撥款，由此可知D選項正確。

9.單選題

Whenmakingmoderncameraspeoplebeganto（

）plasticsformetal.

問題1選項

A.surround

B.substance

C.stretch

D.substitute

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。surround“包圍”；substance“物質(zhì)；實質(zhì)”；stretch“伸展，拉緊”；substitute“替代，代替”。

句意：在制造現(xiàn)代相機時，人們開始用塑料代替金屬。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

問題1選項

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項pompous“自大的，浮夸的，華而不實的”，B項permissible“可允許的，獲得準許的”，C項adoptive“采用的，有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的”，D項complacent“自滿的，得意的，滿足的”。由修飾time的定語從句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝視一個人，而不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人”可知，“可允許的”符合句意。句意：對于任何一種社交場合，都有一個允許的時間，你可以在不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人的情況下凝視對方。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

11.單選題

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

問題1選項

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在if虛擬條件句中，如果是對過去情況的虛擬，則條件從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句用would/could/should+have+動詞過去分詞形式。如果虛擬條件句中有were，had或should，則可以將if省略，將這幾個詞提到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗殺，那么聯(lián)邦政府可能就已經(jīng)被推翻了。故本題正確答案為D。

12.單選題

ToproducetheupheavalintheUnitedStatesthatchangedandmodernizedthedomainofhighereducationfromthemid-1860’stothemid-1880’s,threeprimarycausesinteracted.Theemergenceofahalf-dozenleadersineducationprovidedthepersonalforcethatwasneeded.Moreover,anoutcryforafresher,morepractical,andmoreadvancedkindofinstructionaroseamongthealumniandfriendsofnearlyalloftheoldcollegesandgrewintoamovementthatoverrodeallconservativeopposition.Theaggressive“YoungYale”movementappeared,demandingpartialalumnicontrol,amoreliberalspirit,andabroadercourseofstudy.ThegraduatesofHarvardUniversitysimultaneouslyralliedtorelievetheUniversity’spovertyanddemandnewenterprise.EducationwaspushingtowardhigherstandardintheEastbythrowingoffchurchleadershipeverywhere,andintheWestbyfindingawiderrangeofstudiesandanewsenseofpublicduty.

Theold-styleclassicaleducationreceiveditsmostcrushingblowinthecitadelofHarvardUniversity,whereDr.CharlesElliot,ayoungcaptainofthirty-five,sonofaformertreasurerofHarvardledtheprogressiveforces.FiverevolutionaryadvancesweremadeduringthefiveyearsofDr.Elliotadministration.Theyweretheelevationandamplificationofentrancerequirements,theenlargementofthecurriculumandthedevelopmentoftheelectivesystem,therecognitionofgraduatestudyintheliberalarts,theraisingofprofessionaltraininginlaw,medicine,andengineeringtoapostgraduatelevel,andthefosteringofgreatermaturityinstudentlife.Standardsofadmissionweresharplyadvancedin1872-1873and1876-1877.Bytheappointmentofadeantotakechargeofstudentaffairs,andawisehandlingofdiscipline,theundergraduateswereledtoregardthemselvesmoreasyounggentlemenandlessasyounganimals.Onenewcourseofstudyoranotherwasopenedup—science,music，thehistoryofthefinearts,advancedSpanish,politicaleconomy,physics,classicalphilosophy,andinternationallaw.

1.Thepassagemainlydealswith（

）

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutHarvardUniversitybeforetheinnovations?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutold-styleclassicaleducation?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

問題1選項

A.innovationsintheUnitedStates’highereducationinthelate1800s.

B.HarvardUniversitygraduates’success.

C.thedevelopmentofHarvardUniversity.

D.theaggressive“YoungYale”movement.

問題2選項

A.Coursesweremorepractical.

B.Educatorslaidgreatstressonthematurityinstudentlife.

C.Admissionstandardswerehigher.

D.Studentswereyounger.

問題3選項

A.Moststudentsmajoredinlaw.

B.Thecoursesweretoodifficult.

C.Thecurriculumwasnotreasonable.

D.StudentscouldgetMaster’sdegreeintheliberalarts.

問題4選項

A.Severalleadersineducationmadegreateffortstopromotetheeducationalinnovations.

B.Churchleadersinfluencededucationalotbeforetheprogressivechange.

C.Collegeentrancerequirementswereelevatedinthelate1800s.

D.Thesenseofpublicdutywasneglectedinthelate1800s.