書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-商丘工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.填空題

SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeans

whichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuch

A

B

C

D

asindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

【答案】Dwhich改為bywhich

【解析】【考查點】從句。

【解題思路】D部分到句子結(jié)尾是修飾means的定語從句，means為事物，引導(dǎo)詞用which，結(jié)合短語bymeans，確定bywhich正確。

【句意】由于競爭被大多數(shù)美國人視為進步和繁榮的主要來源，具有競爭力的商業(yè)機構(gòu)受到尊重。競爭不僅本身有好處，它還是一種維護其他美國價值觀的方式，如個人自由、機會均等、勤奮工作等。

2.單選題

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis（）.

問題1選項

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在這個貧窮的國家，生存仍然是主要的事情，所有其它都是奢侈。

考查名詞辨析。luxury奢侈，奢侈品，不常有的樂趣(或享受、優(yōu)勢)；accommodation住處，膳宿，和解；entertainment娛樂，款待，refreshment點心，起提神作用的東西，精力恢復(fù)。根據(jù)前面句意“生存仍然是主要的事情”可知A符合句意。

3.單選題

______isoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals.

問題1選項

A.That

B.It

C.This

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查關(guān)系代詞的用法。as在做關(guān)系代詞時，表示“正如……一樣”。句意：正如新想法經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況一樣，許多初步活動和樂觀的討論都不會產(chǎn)生具體的建議。因此D選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

問題1選項

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A與B之比”。句意：機械所做的功與其受到的功之比稱為機械的效率。答案C

5.單選題

Presidentscomeandgo,butformorethanhalfacentury,thequeenhasalwaysbeenthequeen.SoitwasperhapsnosurprisethatWashingtonwentalittlegagaMonday,asQueenElizabethIIandherhusband,PrincePhilip,theDukeofEdinburgh,begananofficialtwo-dayvisittothecapital.

AcrosstheAtlantic,HelenMirren,whowonanAcademyAwardforherportrayalofElizabethin“TheQueen,”shockedtheBritishconscienceovertheweekendbyturningdownaninvitationtodineatBuckinghamPalace.ButontheothersideoftheAtlantic,thequeenwasmakingAmericansgoweakintheknees.

TheWhiteHousewasdecoratedtoperfectionforanexclusivewhite-tiedinneronMondayevening,withPresidentGeorgeW.Bushandthefirstlady,LauraBush,playinghosttotheroyalcoupleand130otherA-listguests.Butthemorningwasreservedforthemasses—or,atleast,themasseswiththekindofconnectionsthatwarrantaninvitationtotheformalarrivalceremonyontheSouthLawn.

Itwasadayforpompandcircumstance—amilitarycolorguard,afifeanddrumbandinwhitewigs,redjacketsandtri-corneredhats—punctuatedbyapresidentialslipofthetonguethatlightenedthemomentduringMr.Bush'swelcomingremarks.Mr.Bushremindedthe81-year-oldqueenthatshehadalreadydinedwith10Americanpresidents.

“Youhelpedournationcelebrateitsbicentennialin17—”hewenton,stoppingtocorrecthimselfbefore1776couldslipout.Thecrowderuptedinlaughter,andthepresidentandthequeenturnedtoeachotherforalong,silentgaze.Then,Mr.Bushturnedbacktothecrowdwithanexplanation.“Shegavemealook,”hesaid,“thatonlyamothercouldgiveachild.”

Mr.Bushhadbeentherecipientofsuchalookoncebeforeinthequeen’spresence—fromhisownmother,backin1991,whenthefirstPresidentandMrs.Bushplayedhosttotheirownstatedinnerforthequeen.Byseveraldifferentaccounts,includingMr.Bush’sown,BarbaraBushtoldthequeenthatshehadseatedhersonfarawayfromHerMajesty,forfearhemightmakeawisecrack.

Then,tohismother’shorror,hedid,tellingthequeenthathewashisfamily’sblacksheepandasking,“Who’syours?”Thequeen,apparentlynotamused,repliedtartly,“Noneofyourbusiness.”

IfthequeenwasnotamusedonMonday,shedidnotshowit.“I’msuresheaccepteditforwhatitwas—aslipofthetongue,”saidherpresssecretary,PennyRussell-Smith.

1.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

2.HelenMirrenshockedtheBritishconsciencebecauseshe（）.

3.WhathappenedatMr.Bush’swelcomingremarks?

4.WemayinferfromthecontextthatthebicentennialofAmericannationcelebrationisheldin（）.

5.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“blacksheep”(Line1,Para.7)probablymeans（）.

問題1選項

A.U.S.presidentsliketocomeandgo

B.thequeenhasalwaysbeeninpower

C.thequeenwasmuchesteemedbyU.S.people

D.QueenElizabethIIbegananofficialvisittothecapital

問題2選項

A.refusedtodineatBuckinghamPalacewiththeQueen

B.wonanAcademyAwardforherportrayalofElizabeth

C.sailedcrosstheAtlanticalone

D.HerMajestywasmakingAmericansgoweakintheknees

問題3選項

A.Hemadeaseriousmistake.

B.Hemadeaslipofthetongue.

C.HeplayedjokewiththeQueen.

D.Hemadealaughstalkhimself.

問題4選項

A.1776

B.1876

C.1976

D.1991

問題5選項

A.asheepofblackcolor

B.averystrangeperson

C.avaluablememberofthefamily

D.aworthlessmemberofarespectablegroup

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一自然段的內(nèi)容可知，“美國總統(tǒng)一直是換了又換，而大半個世紀以來，英國女王還是英國女王。所以當(dāng)伊麗莎白二世和她的丈夫菲利普親王，也就是愛丁堡公爵，于周一開始對美國首都進行為期兩天的正式訪問時，華盛頓陷入一陣狂熱也就不足為奇了?！庇纱丝芍?，選項D與原文表述一致，所以正確。A選項中的like表述錯誤；B選項缺少條件“formorethanhalfacentury”；C選項中“esteem”在原文中沒有體現(xiàn)。所以只有選項D正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“HelenMirren”定位到第二段第一句“HelenMirren,whowonanAcademyAwardforherportrayalofElizabethin‘TheQueen,’shockedtheBritishconscienceovertheweekendbyturningdownaninvitationtodineatBuckinghamPalace.憑借在《女王》中扮演伊麗莎白一角而獲得奧斯卡獎的HelenMirren上周末拒絕了邀請她去白金漢宮吃飯的邀請，這讓英國人感到震驚。”由此可知，選項A符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第五段第一句“‘Youhelpedournationcelebrateitsbicentennialin17—’hewenton,stoppingtocorrecthimselfbefore1776couldslipout.‘在您的幫助下，我們國家慶祝二百周年紀念日，在17……’他繼續(xù)說道，在1776年還沒說出口之前停下來糾正自己?！币约白詈笠欢蔚膬?nèi)容“‘I’msuresheaccepteditforwhatitwas—aslipofthetongue,’saidherpresssecretary,PennyRussell-Smith.她（女王）的新聞秘書PennyRussell-Smith說，我肯定她（女王）接受了這一事實，那只是一時口誤?！庇纱丝芍?，Mr.Bush在歡迎致辭的時候犯了口誤，選項B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。1776是美國成立的時間，現(xiàn)在慶祝的是美國建國200周年，由此可以推斷，時間應(yīng)該是1976年，所以選項C正確。

5.詞義推斷題。布什總統(tǒng)小的時候跟女王說他是自己家里的“blacksheep”，意為“害群之馬，無用的人”，選項D與之意思相近，所以正確。

6.單選題

TheReader'sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation'sfuture--bigbusiness,biglabororbiggovernment.Awhopping67percentreplied"biggovernment".Thatisabigchangeover40yearsago.A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices.Ina1965Gallupsurvey,thosebelievingbiggovernmenttobetheproblemhadrisento35percent;by1985,to50percent.

Now(1995)twoofthreeAmericansfearbiggovernment.Opinionresearchersrarelyseesuchavastchangeinpublicattitude.Whenputinhistoricalperspective,fromthetimeofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealtothepresent,thefallenstatusofgovernmentasaprotectorandbenefactorisextraordinary.We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression.

Inourpoll,takenbeforetheNovemberelections,theoverwhelmingmajorityofourrespondentswantedtostoporrollbacktheimpactofgovernment.InanswertoanotherquestionposedbyTheDigest,79percentsaidtheywantedeithernomorethanthecurrentlevelofgovernmentservicesandtaxes,orlessgovernmentandlowertaxes.

"Itseemstomethatweinthemiddleclassbearmostoftheburden,"saysJoNellNorman,61,anurseinDyersburg,Tenn.,whooftenwondersaboutthegovernment'sjudgmentinspendinghermoney.

OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen.AndwhataboutCongress?Isitdoingagoodjob?Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?'

Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer.

However,Americansaresatisfiedwiththeirownlivesandjobs.Fouroffiverespondentswere"completely"or"somewhat"satisfied.Thefiguresheldupacrossallages-includingXers,whommanypunditshaveclaimedarepessimisticabouttheirfuture.

KeithUnderbill,22,ofFridley,Minn.,findshisjobasatelephoneoperatorforacataloguecompany"notchallenging,notdifficult"butstill"satisfyingbecauseoftheincome."Heseesitasaspringboardtobiggerthings."Ihopetostartmyownbusinesssomeday,somethinginfinance."Lookingdeeperatjobs,wefound70percentofAmericansbelievetheyareaboutwheretheyshouldbe,giventheirtalentsandeffort.Thisisanissuewhereagealwaysmakesadifference,sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied,whileyoungerworkersarestilltryingtofindtherightniche.Sureenough,Xersscored65percent,aboutfivepointsbelowaverage.

1.Thesurveyhasrevealedthatinthe40yearsthepublicfaithintheAmericangovernmenthasdroppedby（

）.

2.TheU.S.governmentstatusinthepublicmindbeforetheGreatDepression

（

）.

3.Itisclearthatthepeople'sgreatdislikeforthegovernmentisrelatedwith

（

）.

4."Politicalfuture"inParagraph5maymean

（

）.

5.Olderpeopleareunlikelytochangetheirjobssooftensince（

）.

問題1選項

A.67percent

B.51percent

C.35percent

D.16percent

問題2選項

A.wasregardedasquitenormal

B.usedtobeverylow

C.remainedadifficultproblemforthefederalgovernment

D.remindedpeopleoftheprincipleslaiddownbyWashington

問題3選項

A.theinefficientstyleofwork

B.oftenwrongjudgments

C.therisingrateoftaxes

D.theCongress

問題4選項

A.thefutureofthewholenation

B.people'swell-beinginthefuture

C.apositionofhigherrank

D.awarenessofconsistencyinpolicies

問題5選項

A.theyneedtosupporttheirfamilies

B.nocompanieswilltakeintheaged

C.ittakestimetolearnanewtradeorprofession

D.theireffortsandtalentsarefalling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“調(diào)查表明在40年民眾對美國政府的信心下降了多少？”根據(jù)文章第二段可知現(xiàn)在是1995年，說明40年前是1954年。文章第一段提到有67%的人認為大政府對國家未來的威脅最大。而1954年只有16%人認為大政府有威脅（A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices），由此可知國民對政府的信心下降了51%。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在大蕭條時期前美國政府在民眾的心中是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我們又回到了大蕭條時期美國人對華盛頓本能的謹慎”（We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression），說明在大蕭條時期政府在民眾心中的地位就低，選項B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第六段提到89%的人認為國會會把事情搞砸（Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer），選項D符合題意。

4.詞義題。文章第五段第一句提到在樣本中，62%的美國人認為政客的道德和誠實度已經(jīng)下降（OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen），以及比起通過好的法規(guī)，議員們花更多的時間在他們的政治前途上嗎？（Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?）可知這里的政治前途指的是權(quán)利地位，選項C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到由于年齡較大的人在工作中更穩(wěn)定，他們往往更滿意（sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied），選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Thegymhasequippedwithvariouspiecesofweight-lifting（）.

問題1選項

A.apparatus

B.appliance

C.gauge

D.implement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項apparatus“裝置；設(shè)備”；B選項appliance“器具；器械”；C選項gauge“計量器；容量規(guī)格”；D選項implement“工具；器具”。句意：這個健身房有各種舉重……。apparatus一般可用為所有設(shè)備的總稱。appliance側(cè)重指家用機器或設(shè)備，尤指家用電器。implement原指史前人類所用的工具，現(xiàn)在多指農(nóng)用工具，也可指為實現(xiàn)某個任務(wù)所需的工具或器具。地點是健身房，關(guān)鍵信息variouspiecesof“各種類型的”，在句中缺少對舉重設(shè)備的一個總的概括。因此A選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Whatare[A]thequalitiesthatapersonneedsinordertomakeagreatspeech?ThereisanoldChinesesaying[B]thatgoes,“amanisgoodbecauseofhismouth,andahorseisgoodbecauseofitslegs.”Humans[C]haveabilitytocommunicatethroughspeech,andinspeechwehaveaspecialopportunity[D]tomakeimpact.

問題1選項

A.thequalities

B.thatgoes

C.haveability

D.tomakeimpact

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。D選項處應(yīng)表示“產(chǎn)生影響”，impact是可數(shù)名詞，因此正確用法應(yīng)為“tomakeanimpact”。

9.翻譯題

Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.

Afast-growingbodyofresearchisprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifyoucouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraig,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills.”

Yourabilitiescount,butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.

Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistSeligmanandhiscolleaguesurveyedsalesrepresentativesataLifeInsuranceCompany.Theyfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20percentmore.Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccessisinhis“explanatorystyle.”Whenthingsgowrong,thepessimisttendstoblamehimself,whiletheoptimistlooksforloopholes.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke.

Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.“Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed,”saysCraig.

Asenseofcontrolisthelitmustestforsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Thepessimistfeelslikefate’splaythingandmovesslowly.Hedoesn’tseeadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustifyandsometimesthat’swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLeveyofPittsburgCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreastcancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Leveyfoundthediseaserecurredsooneramongthepessimists.

【答案】【參考譯文】你看到的玻璃杯是半滿的還是半空的？你的眼睛是盯著炸面圈還是中間的那個洞？當(dāng)研究者們仔細觀察積極思維的力量時，這些陳詞濫調(diào)突然間都成了科學(xué)問題。

迅速增多的大量研究工作證明樂觀的態(tài)度可以使你更快樂、更健康、更成功。與此相反，悲觀則導(dǎo)致無望、疾病以及失敗，它與沮喪、孤獨、令人苦惱的靦腆密切相關(guān)。心理學(xué)家克雷格說：“如果你能夠教會人們更積極地思考，那就如同為他們注射了預(yù)防這些心理疾病的疫苗?！?/p>

你的能力固然重要，但你能成功的信念影響到你是否真能成功。在某種程度上，這是由于樂觀者和悲觀者以截然不同的方式對待同樣的挑戰(zhàn)和失望。

以你的工作為例。心理學(xué)家塞利格曼和他的同事對一家人壽保險公司的推銷員進行了廣泛調(diào)查。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在工齡較長的推銷員中，積極思考者比消極思考者要多推銷37%的保險額。在新雇傭的推銷員中，樂觀主義者則多銷了20%。他們是如何做的呢？樂觀主義者成功的秘訣就在于他的“歸因方式”。出了問題之后，悲觀主義者傾向于自責(zé)，樂觀主義者則尋找漏洞。當(dāng)一切順利時，樂觀主義者看成是自己的功勞，而悲觀主義者只把成功視為僥幸。

無論是消極還是積極，都是一種本身會成為事實的預(yù)言?？死赘裾f：“如果人們感到?jīng)]有希望，他們就不會費事去獲得成功所需的技能?！?/p>

控制感是成功的試金石。樂觀者能夠掌握自己的命運。悲觀者則感到自己只能任由命運擺布，行動拖拉。既然認為毫無辦法，他便不去尋求指點。樂觀主義者也許認為自己比事實能夠證明的要強——有時正是這一點使他們充滿生機。匹茲堡腫瘤研究所的桑德拉?利維博士對患晚期乳腺癌的婦女進行了研究。對那些通常持樂觀態(tài)度的婦女來說，兩次發(fā)病間隔的時間較長，而這是生存下去的最好預(yù)兆。在一次對早期乳腺癌婦女的小規(guī)模試驗性研究中，利維博士發(fā)現(xiàn)這一疾病在悲觀主義者身上復(fù)發(fā)更早。

10.單選題

ProfessorTaylor’stalkhasindicatedthatsciencehasaverystrong（）ontheeverydaylifeofnon-scientistsaswellasscientists.

問題1選項

A.motivation

B.perspective

C.impression

D.impact

【答案】D

【解析】句意:泰勒教授的報告表明，科學(xué)已經(jīng)對非科學(xué)家和科學(xué)家的日常生活產(chǎn)生了強大的影響。

考查固定搭配。haveimpactonsth.對…產(chǎn)生影響。

11.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydisputes（

）.

問題1選項

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。這里空格所在的句子bothsides是主語，謂語動詞regards，賓語theterritorydisputes，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，后面的空格部分應(yīng)該屬于后置定語結(jié)構(gòu)，regardsthassth有“認為怎么樣”之意。這里settled過去分詞作形容詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成，也就是“settleddisputes解決了的爭端”，句意為：經(jīng)過數(shù)輪談判后，雙方都認為這個領(lǐng)土紛爭問題得到解決了。答案選D。

12.單選題

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitloreofthem.Thishascreated’’aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpactwasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe’rulesofthegame,'and"takeadvantageofcollegeresources,"theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.

1.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas（

）.

2.Theauthorofthepaperbelievesthatfirst-generationstudents

（

）.

3.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.reducedtheirdropoutrates

B.narrowedtheachievementgap

C.misseditsoriginalpurpose

D.depressedcollegestudents

問題2選項

A.areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

B.canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

C.maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects

D.areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

問題3選項

A.universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class

B.studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

C.socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences

D.collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘招募更多第一代大學(xué)生己經(jīng)如何？’根據(jù)文章第一段“Thishascreated’’aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose"achievementgapbasedonsocialclass...這就產(chǎn)生了一個“悖論”，即招收第一代學(xué)生，但卻眼睜睜地看著他們中的許多人失敗，這意味著高等教育“繼續(xù)繁衍和擴大，而不是縮小”基于社會階層的成就差距，所以這是一種自相矛盾的事……”。確定C選項‘能達到其最初的目的’正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘本文作者認為第一代學(xué)生如何？’根據(jù)第四段第一句“...first-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.第一代大學(xué)生缺少的不是潛力，而是在處理大多數(shù)大學(xué)生面對的問題時的實際的常識。”確定D選項“在大學(xué)里沒有處理問題的經(jīng)驗”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘最后一段中可以推斷什么？’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.因為美國的學(xué)院和大學(xué)很少承認社會階層是如何影響學(xué)生的教育經(jīng)歷的，所以許多第一代學(xué)生缺乏對他們?yōu)槭裁磿暝亩床炝?，也不知道像他們這樣的學(xué)生如何才能進步?！笨梢酝浦狣選項“學(xué)校應(yīng)該為目前的問題承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任”正確。

13.單選題

I’dratheryou（）meanewoneinsteadofhavingminerepairedasyoudid.

問題1選項

A.hadgiven

B.havegiven

C.gave

D.giving

【答案】A

【解析】虛擬語氣語法知識考查。對過去事情的虛擬用haddone。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Howmightwestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere?Thatquestionloomslargeintheeyesofscientistsandpoliticalleadersasthelevelsofcarbondioxidegrow.Carbondioxideandmethanehavelonglivesintheatmosphereand,oncetheyarethere,Earthmaybedestinedtobecomewarmer.Ifwefindthattheclimateisbecomingtoowarm,thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern.

Wemaybeabletocontrolfossilfueluseandratesofdeforestation,butthereisnodirectwaytocontroltheaccelerationofdecayexceptbystoppingthewarming.Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.

Mostscientistsbelievethatifimmediateglobalactionisnottaken,therapidincreasesofatmosphericcarbonfromdecaywillexceedthereductionsmadepossiblethroughcontroloffossilfueluseandmanagementofforests.In1990,theUnitedNationsgatheredmanyscientistsfromaroundtheworldtoreviewtheseissues.Thisgroup,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,concludedthatanimmediate60percentreductioninfossilfuelusewouldbenecessary.ButbyApril1992,nonationhadacceptedthegoal,thoughseveralhadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent.

AttheEarthSummitinJune1992,leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions—thoughoppositionfromtheUnitedStatespreventedthemfromagreeingtospecifictargetsforemissions,asmanyscientistshadhoped.Theleadersalsoagreedtoassistdevelopingnationsinlimitingtheirreleasesofgreenhousegases.

Humanbeingsareonlyoneofmillionsoforganismssufficientlydifferentoneanothertoberecognizedasspecies.Untilthe1980s,scientistsestimatedthattherewerebetween3millionand10millionspeciesonEarth.Then,scientistsbegantoexaminepopulationsofinsectslivinginthehighfoliageoftreesintropicalforest,andtheexperiencecausedthemtoincreasetheirestimateto30millionspecies.Afterscientistsbegantoconsiderthepopulationsofmicroorganismsinthetropics,theupperlimitoftheirestimatesroseto10(Jmillionspecies.Weshallprobablyneverhaveanaccuratecountofthedifferentkindsoforganismsthatshareourplanet.

Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.Thisprocessiscommonlycalledbioticimpoverishment—thelossoftherichbiologicalofEarth.

1.Thereasonwhyitisnoteasytocorrectglobalwarmingisthat（

）.

2.Tostoptheglobalwarming,wehaveto

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedthat,atthe1992EarthSummit,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutspeciesonearth?

5.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.mostscientistsandpoliticalleadershavenotawakenedtotheseverityoftheproblem

B.deforestationisrampantinmanypartsoftheworld

C.thereisnoeasywaytorestoretheatmospheretoitsnormalstateoncedamaged

D.theUnitedStatesisunwillingtocutdownonitscarbondioxideemissions

問題2選項

A.cutbothdeforestationanduseoffossilfuels

B.removecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere

C.findanewsourceofenergyotherthanfossilfuel

D.cutpresentreleasesto4billiontonsofcarbonayear

問題3選項

A.manyscientistshadhopedspecifictargetsforemissionsmightbereached

B.theU.S.showeditsunwillingnesstoreducethelevelofcarbondioxideemissions

C.severalcountrieshadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent

D.mostcountriespromisedtocuttheircarbondioxideemissionstoearlierlevels

問題4選項

A.Thereareabout100millionofthemonearth.

B.Aboutonethirdofthemarefoundintropicalforest.

C.Thehumanpopulationhaswellexceededthatofotherspecies.

D.Humanandotherspeciesarecloselylinkedforsurvival.

問題5選項

A.thesurvivalofdiversespeciesonearth

B.thepreventionofglobalwarming

C.thebioticimpoverishment

D.thecompositionoftheatmosphere

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern（沒有一種簡單或快速的方法可以清除這些氣體并恢復(fù)到早期的氣候模式）可知選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.（為了立即穩(wěn)定大氣的成分，我們必須每年減少約40億噸的碳排放?，F(xiàn)在要做到這一點，就必須同時減少森林砍伐和化石燃料的消耗）可知選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions（大多數(shù)工業(yè)化國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人原則上同意恢復(fù)到早先的二氧化碳排放水平）可知D選項“大多數(shù)國家承諾將其二氧化碳排放量削減到早先的水平”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.（然而，我們知道，植物和動物這些物種一起使地球作為一個適合所有人的棲息地發(fā)揮作用。我們還知道，人類活動正在減少地球上物種的數(shù)量，以及可供它們使用的土地和水資源）可知D選項“人類和其他物種的生存息息相關(guān)”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了全球變暖的問題以及需要采取的措施，因此B選項“防止全球變暖”符合題意。

15.單選題

Doctorsmustinform______parentsaboutthelowoddsofsuccessinfertilitytreatments.

問題1選項

A.protective

B.respective

C.prospective

D.perspective

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項protective“防護的；關(guān)切保護的；保護貿(mào)易的”；B選項respective“分別的，各自的”；C選項prospective“未來的；預(yù)期的”；D選項perspective“透視的”。句意：醫(yī)生必須告知準父母生育治療成功的幾率很低。因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcri