書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-扎蘭屯職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Loomingoverthedebateabouthumaninterferenceintheworld’sborealforestsisanasyetunanswerablequestion:Willtheeffectsofglobalwarmingeventuallydwarfman’simpact?

問題1選項

A.raisetogreaterimportance

B.makemoredifficulttomeasure

C.causetoappearsmall

D.bringtoanabruptend

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。橫線單詞dwarf意為“（使）變矮；使顯得矮?。皇篃o足輕重”；A選項“raisetogreaterimportance”意為“提高重要性”；B選項“makemoredifficulttomeasure”意為“使得……更難以測量”；C選項“causetoappearsmall”意為“使……顯得不重要”；D選項“bringtoanabruptend”意為“突然結束、停止”。句意：關于人類對世界寒帶森林干預的爭論迫在眉睫，這是一個至今無法回答的問題：全球變暖的影響最終會使人類的影響變得無關緊要嗎？由題干可知，theeffectsofglobalwarming（全球變暖的影響）和man’simpact（人類的影響）是兩組不同的影響，題目意在將全球變暖的影響和人類的影響相比較，是否全球變暖會使得人類的影響變得微不足道。由此可知，dwarf在此處最可能是“使無足輕重”的意思。因此C選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Youcan’tletyoureyesglideacrossthelinesofabookand（

）anunderstandingofwhatyouhaveread.

問題1選項

A.comeupto

B.comeacross

C.comearound

D.comeupwith

【答案】D

【解析】comeupto達到，等于；comeacross偶遇，無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)；comearound順便來訪，蘇醒；comeupwith提出，想出，趕上。句意：快速地瀏覽一本書，你無法理解閱讀的內容。選項D符合語境。

3.單選題

Attheheightofthefinancialcrisis,alltheycoulddowas______andhopethatconditionswouldimprove.

問題1選項

A.holdon

B.getalong

C.geton

D.lookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項holdon“堅持；稍等”；B選項getalong“與……和睦相處”；C選項geton“繼續(xù)做；開始做”；D選項lookon“把……當作”。句意：在金融危機最嚴重的時候，他們能做的只有______，并希望情況會有所改善。they和橫線處構成主謂關系，在金融危機時，只有A選項holdon“堅持”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Thepaintingheboughtatthestreetmarkettheotherdaywasa（

）forgery.

問題1選項

A.man-made

B.natural

C.crude

D.real

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他那天在街上買的那幅畫實際上是副贗品。

man-made人造的;natural自然的;crude粗略的;real實際上。

5.單選題

（）regulartraininginnursing,shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst.

問題1選項

A.Notreceived

B.Sincereceiving

C.Havingreceived

D.Nothavingreceived

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。題干中hardly常與否定搭配表示肯定，而且非謂語部分邏輯主語與句子主語一致。因此，根據句意和搭配可知，本題A項正確。句意：由于沒有經過專門的護理培訓，她起初很難適應工作。

6.寫作題

Supposeyouwilltakepartinaclassdebatenextweek,andyouaregiventhedebatequestion"Whichistoppriority,toeliminateinequalityorpovertyinourcountry?"

Writeaspeechforthedebateandclarifyyourownviewpointtowardswhateveryourpositionwillbe(justoneposition).Butbesurethatyourargumentwillbesupportedwithampleexamplesorevidence.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyourspeech.

Thelengthofyourspeechisexpectedtobebetween250and300words.WriteyourspeechontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

7.單選題

Hisconstantattemptsto（

）hiscolleagues'achievementeventuallycausedhisdismissal.

問題1選項

A.withdraw

B.diminish

C.restrain

D.confine

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。withdraw“收回，取回”；diminish“減少，減損”；restrain“遏制，管制”；confine“限制”。句意：他不斷嘗試貶低他同事的成就，最終導致他被解雇了。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Itisimperativethatstudents（）papersontime.

問題1選項

A.handin

B.wouldhandin

C.havetohandin

D.handedin

【答案】A

【解析】語法題——考查虛擬語氣。在表示“要求、建議、命令”等動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。imperative表示必須的，是一種要求，所以后面的從句要用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形（should可省略）。句意：學生們必須按時交作業(yè)。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Brunner’s______tobecomethesecondwomanevertoholdCabinetrankwasscuttledbytheoverwhelminglymaleparliament,apparentlybecauseofsexualpolitics.

問題1選項

A.bet

B.hit

C.bid

D.bat

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項bet“打賭；與（某人）以錢打賭；（非正式）敢說”；B選項hit“打擊；襲擊；碰撞；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；傷……的感情”；C選項bid“出價；叫牌；向……表示問候；（詩、文）命令；邀請；努力爭取，企圖獲得；告訴，吩咐”；D選項bat“用球棒擊球；擊球率達……；輪到擊球”。句意：布倫納想成為史上第二位女性內閣成員的努力被男性占多數(shù)的議會挫敗，顯然是因為性政治。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Itwasreportedthattheproject（

）bytheendofthismonth.

問題1選項

A.willbecompleted

B.wouldhavebeencompleted

C.wouldhavecompleted

D.willhavebeencompleted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：據報道，該項目將于本月底完成。根據was和by+時間可知，這里應該用would+過去完成時，首先排除選項A和D；項目是被完成，所以選項B正確。

11.單選題

TheEighteenthAmendment,oftencalledtheProhibitionAct,______thesaleofalcoholicbeverages.

問題1選項

A.prolonged

B.preempted

C.sanctioned

D.proscribed

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.prolonged延長B.preempted取得優(yōu)先權；先占

C.sanctioned許可；實施制裁D.proscribed宣布禁止

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據關鍵詞theProhibitionAct（禁令）可知，______thesaleofalcoholicbeverages表達的是“禁止銷售酒類飲料”。因此，空格處填入D項符合。

【干擾項排除】

A、B項不符合句意；

C項一般指通過法律行動上實施懲罰，不符合句意。

【句意】第十八修正案，通常被稱為禁酒令，禁止銷售酒類飲料。

12.單選題

Itwas__________tocontinuethenegotiationsincebothsideslackthesincerity.

問題1選項

A.fertile

B.futile

C.fugitive

D.fussy

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。fertile“多產的，富饒的”；futile“無效的，無用的”；fugitive“逃亡的，無常的”；fussy“大驚小怪的，愛挑剔的”。句意：因為雙方都缺少真誠，繼續(xù)談判是無效的。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（

）whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問題1選項

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項discharged“排出，卸貨”；B選項discarded“丟棄，廢棄”；C選項disposed“處理，配置”；D選項dumped“傾銷，拋售”。

句意：當一種產品以低于正常價值的價格引進另一個國家時，就被視為傾銷。選項D更符合語境。

14.翻譯題

科學和技術作為兩個不同的范疇，共同起源于人類的生產實踐活動。然而隨著勞動分工的發(fā)展，兩者卻分道揚鑣，各自循著不同的路徑獨立發(fā)展了?？茖W的職責在于認識和揭示自然界的規(guī)律，而技術的進步，主要是那些直接掌握生產工具的工匠們的事。

【答案】Scienceandtechnology,thoughbelongingtotwodifferentdomains,originatedfromhumanproductiveactivities.However,withthechangesinthedivisionoflabor,theybegantoseparate,eachdevelopingindependentlyinitsownway.Theroleofscienceinvolvestheunderstandingandrevelationofnaturallawswhiletheprogressoftechnologyreliesheavilyonthosewhohavedirectaccesstothetoolsofproduction.

15.單選題

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3000000'sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevisionandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhoistospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor.HedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthemHestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofagesicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.

Inordertopreventthegrowthonship-liftingoffences,somestores,infactaredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemisthatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinantherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999999passengersmuchsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassagelaw-abidingcitizens（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Thereisa"shrinkage"inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

問題2選項

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforthegoods

問題3選項

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

問題4選項

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessional.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesfromstealingarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon'tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

問題5選項

A."theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofproblemforthestores"

B.somepeople"simplyforgettopayforwhattakefromtheshops"

C."thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices"

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)判斷題。根據關鍵詞"thehonestpublic"定位到第一段的最后一句"Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices."由于商家所謂的"由偷竊造成的損失",誠實的公眾因此而付出了更高的代價。結合上文可知"shrinkage"指店內行竊案件,所以選項D更準確。

2.細節(jié)判斷題。根據第二段的首句"Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves."商店行竊者可分為三大類:專業(yè)扒手、蓄意的業(yè)余扒手和控制不了盜竊沖動的扒手。所以第三類人就是無法抵擋誘惑的人,選項C符合原文。

3.細節(jié)推斷題。根據關鍵詞"law-abiding"定位到第四段。根據本段內容可知：那些禁受不住誘惑的人,往往在其他方面是遵紀守法的好公民,他們很少是家境貧困的。他們偷東西不是因為付不起錢,而是心不在焉拿走東西忘記付錢了。所以選項A表述錯誤,他們并不貧窮;選項C也表述錯誤;選項D在文中沒有提及;所以只有選項B符合原文句意。

4.細節(jié)推斷題。根據笫二段的最后一句"they（theprofessional）accountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting"可知選項A錯誤,而選項D正確;根據第三段"Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts."可知選項B正確;根據四段的第二句"Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor."這類盜賊并不貧窮,那么言下之意就是人們認為盜賊應該是貧窮的。所以選項C也正確。只有選項A表述錯誤。

5.細節(jié)推斷題。根據原文上一句"itisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority."這是由于一小部分人的做法給大多數(shù)無辜的人帶來了懲罰和不便的又一個例子。也就是第一段所說的：公眾因此而付出了更高的代價。所以選項C正確。

16.翻譯題

Totalitarianismisthepolarcaseofsuchbureaucraticconcentrationofpowerthatdestroysdemocraticprocessess,butnottheonlyone.Thesametendencycanbeobservedinpoliticalmachinethattransferthepowerthatlegallybelongstovoterstopoliticalbosses,inbusinesscorporationsthatvestthepowerthatrightfullybelongstostockholdersincorporationofficials,inthoseunionsthatbestowthepowerthatrightfullybelongstorank-and-filemembersuponunionleaders.Thesecasesleadsomewriterstocontendthatthepresenttrendtowardbureaucratizationspellsthedoomofdemocraticinstitution.Thismaywellbetoofatalisticaviewpoint,buttherecanbenodoubtthatthistrendconstitutesachallenge.Toprotectourselvesagainstthisthreat,whilecontinutingtoutilizetheseeffcientadministrativemechanisms,wemustfirstlearnfullytounderstandhowbureaucraciesfunction.

【答案】【參考譯文】

極權主義是這種官僚權力集中破壞民主進程的極端例子，但不是唯一的例子。在其他方面也可看到相同趨勢：政治機器將合法屬于選民的權力轉移給政治領袖；商業(yè)公司將合法屬于股東的權力授予公司高層；一些工會將應賦予普通成員的權力給工會領導人。這些案例使一些作家認為，目前的官僚主義趨勢預示著民主制度的滅亡。這可能是一個偏宿命論的觀點，但毫無疑問，這種趨勢（給我們）帶來了一種挑戰(zhàn)。在我們繼續(xù)使用這些有效行政機制時，為了保護自己不受這種威脅，必須首先充分了解官僚機制是如何運作的。

17.單選題

Factsthatmayseemlittleconsequenceatthetimemaylaterassume（）significanceatthetimewhenETSstaffmembersdecidewhetherturneractionisjustified.

問題1選項

A.considerable

B.valuable

C.important

D.extensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:considerable“相當大的”；B:valuable“有價值的”；C:important“重要的”；D:extensive“廣闊的；廣大的”。句意：當ETS的工作人員決定特納的行動是否合理的時候，當時似乎沒有什么后果的事實可能之后會產生很大的意義。本處表示“xxx的意義”，修飾名詞significance意義。因此A符合題意。

18.單選題

HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemath’sexam,she（）muchbetterresultsnow.

問題1選項

A.wouldbegetting

B.couldhavegot

C.mustget

D.wouldget

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果朱迪在數(shù)學考試中更加細心，那么，她現(xiàn)在就會得到更好的結果。

語法題?？疾殄e綜復雜虛擬語氣。前半句是省略了if的虛擬語氣，是對過去事實的虛擬，但是，后半句中表現(xiàn)出了時間“now現(xiàn)在”，故主句應該是對現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬，則用“would/should+動詞原形”。

19.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

TheOlympicGamescanbetracedbacktotheancienttimes.TheGreekslikedallkindsofsports,becausesportsmadethebodystrong.ThegameswereheldeveryfouryearsandhundredsofthousandsofpeoplegatheredonvastflatlandstoappreciatethecompetitionbetweenathletesfromallpartsofGreece.Theeventsincludedrunning,wrestling,andhorseraces.Therewereeventsforbothadultsandchildren.Inmostofthegames,adultsandchildrenworelittleornoclothing.Instead,oilwasspreadoverthebody.Thetrophywasalaurelmadeofoliveleaves.Itwasthegreatesthonortobecrownedwithalaurel.

Hardworkenablesmetosurvivethemostdifficulttimeinmylifeabroad,duringmyfirstfewemployments.However,afterIjoinedmycurrentcompany,myworkaholicwassoonchallengedbymyboss.WhenIcalledhimathomeafterofficehoursforbusinesspurpose,hepolitelyremindedmethathepreferredtalkingaboutworkwithmelaterintheoffice.Whentheholidayseasonapproached,healwaysaskedmetoschedulemyleavebeforehand.Hetalkedwithmeabouthisholidayandalsoenquiredaboutmine.Forhimleaveistheright,butalsoaneed.

【答案】奧運會可以追溯到古代。希臘人喜歡運動，因為運動能讓身體強壯。奧運會每四年一次，成千上萬的人聚集在廣闊的平地上來觀看希臘各地運動員之間的比賽。比賽項目包括跑步、摔跤和賽馬。成人和兒童的項目都有。在大部分比賽中，成人和兒童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦滿油。獎杯是用橄欖葉做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的榮譽。

在我最初的幾次工作中，努力工作讓我度過了在國外生活的最困難時期。然而，在我加入現(xiàn)在的公司后，我的工作狂行為受到了自己老板的挑戰(zhàn)。每當我下班后跟他打電話談論工作時，他禮貌地提醒我他更愿意在上班時間跟我討論。臨近假期時，他總是讓我提前安排假期。他經常和我談論他的假期，也打聽我的假期。對于他來說，放假是一種權利，也是一種必要。

20.單選題

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andplexiglassweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources,thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswilleitherimproveourstandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocess,isnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructureandthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholdersconcernedaboutcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoequatethemonopolisticproducerwithbountifulexpendituresonresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures.ThereareinstancesinwhichtheytoomustcompetewithanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor（）.

4.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

5.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

問題1選項

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

問題2選項

A.sometimesadverselyaffectourstandardoflivinganddiminishournaturalresources

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolisticindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

問題3選項

A.haslittleconfidenceintheabilityofmonopolisticindustrytoproducetheimportantinventionsofthefuture

B.wouldratherseethefederalgovernmentspendmoneyonsocialservicesthanonthedefenseestablishment

C.favorsaconservativeapproachtoinnovationandplacestrustinconglomeratestoprovideefficientproduction

D.feelsthatpriceshouldstillbethedominantvariableinthecompetitiveprocess

問題4選項

A.Theindependentinventorcannotaffordtoundertaketheresearchneededtoimproveourstandardofliving.

B.Governmentalexpenditureformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources.

C.Industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangethansmallerfirmsdo.

D.Firmswithasmall-shareofthemarketaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment.

問題5選項

A.Governmentalrestraintsonmonopoliesshouldbelifted,andgovernmentfundingshouldbemadeavailabletolargecorporationswishingtoengageinresearch.

B.Governmentalrestraintsonmonopoliesshouldbetightened,andgovernmentfundingshouldbemadeavailabletosmallcorporationsandindependentindividualswishingtoengageinresearch.

C.Governmentalrestraintsonmonopoliesshouldbetightened,andnogovernmentfundingshouldbeprovidedtoanycorporationsorindividualswishingtoengageinresearch.

D.Theamountthegovernmentspendsonmilitaryresearchshouldbedecreased,andtheamountitspendstoimprovethestandardoflivingshouldbeincreased.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題?？v觀全文，文章第一段主要提到了人們普遍認為，伴隨著巨型工業(yè)的出現(xiàn)，工業(yè)研究也開始激增。第二段用實例對觀點進行了否定。第三段主要提到相比大型工業(yè)，小公司不受大型工廠和資本設備投資的阻礙，往往積極追求新技術和新產品，投資于創(chuàng)新，以擴大其市場份額。第四段主要提到一些大型企業(yè)在面臨競爭的時候，也會大量投入進行創(chuàng)新。由此可知，本篇文章的主要目的在于指出了一個普遍存在的錯誤觀點：工業(yè)研究的范圍與工業(yè)壟斷勢力的增長之間的關系，即大型壟斷企業(yè)的增長會帶來工業(yè)研究和創(chuàng)新的激增。選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段，“Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.”，最近一項關于世紀初以來重要發(fā)明的研究顯示，超過一半的發(fā)明是來自于獨立發(fā)明家，這些發(fā)明家獨立于有組織的工業(yè)研究團隊?？膳袛喑龆兰o的重要發(fā)明一半來自獨立發(fā)明家，一半來自研究團隊。選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據文章第三段，“Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.”，大型企業(yè)往往在穩(wěn)定和安全的環(huán)境中獲得更舒適的經營環(huán)境，他們的管理機構傾向于維持現(xiàn)狀，抵制變革中隱含的威脅。此外，在某些情況下，一些工業(yè)巨頭面臨很少的工業(yè)競爭，所以他們試圖通過故意阻礙技術進步來避免因過時而造成的資本損失。可判斷作者對壟斷行業(yè)生產的發(fā)明和創(chuàng)新能力沒有信心。選項A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據文章第三段最后一句，“Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.”，相比大型企業(yè)，小公司不受大型工廠和資本設備投資的阻礙，往往積極追求新技術和新產品，投資于創(chuàng)新，以擴大其市場份額。可判斷出市場份額較小的公司積極追求創(chuàng)新，因為他們沒有被固定在資本設備投資上。選項D符合題意。

5.判斷推理題，文章第三段提到大型企業(yè)往往在穩(wěn)定和安全的環(huán)境中獲得更舒適的經營環(huán)境，他們的管理機構傾向于維持現(xiàn)狀，抵制變革中隱含的威脅。相比大型企業(yè)，小型企業(yè)往往積極追求新技術和新產品，投資于創(chuàng)新，以擴大其市場份額?？膳袛喑鲎髡叩膽B(tài)度可能是積極支持小型企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新，多投資于更有需求的小型企業(yè)。選項B符合題意。

21.單選題

Themachinemightworkifwe（）itverycarefully.

問題1選項

A.obtain

B.operate

C.oppose

D.object

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果我們非常小心地操作這臺機器,那么它可能會運轉。

考查動詞辨析。obtain(尤指經努力)獲得,贏得,存在;operate運轉,工作,操作,控制,使運行;oppose反對,對抗;object反對,拒絕?？崭裉巹釉~的賓語為it,即指代前面的machine(機器),因此B符合句意。

22.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問題1選項

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。obscure“費解的，不清楚的”；indefinite“不明確的”；dubious“可疑的，不可靠的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”。句意：很少有人聽懂教授的講課，因為主題讓人費解。選項A符合題意。

23.單選題

Prof.Flynnfoundnostudentsinthelecturehallwhenhearrived.Onlythendidherealizethathecame（

）early.

問題1選項

A.toomuch

B.muchtoo

C.somuch

D.muchso

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Toomuch“太多”，為形容詞短語，修飾名詞；muchtoo“太······，非常······”，為副詞短語，修飾形容詞或者副詞；somuch“這么”，副詞短語，放在動詞后修飾動詞，或者作形容詞短語修飾名詞；mushso這個短語不存在。句意：Flynn教授到達階梯教室時沒有看見一個學生。直到那時他才意識到他來得太早了。選項B符合題意。

24.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Notlongagosocialmediaheldoutthepromiseofamoreenlightenedpolitics,asaccurateinformationandeffortlesscommunicationhelpedgoodpeopledriveoutcorruption,bigotry(偏執(zhí))andlies.YetFacebookacknowledgedthatbeforeandafter2016Americanpresidentialelection,146millionusersmayhaveseenRussianmisinformationonitsplatform.Farfrombringingenlightenment,socialmediahavebeenspreadingpoison.And,becauseofhowtheywork,theywieldextraordinaryinfluence.Theymaketheirmoneybyputtingphotos,personalposts,newsstoriesandadsinfrontofyou.Theycollectdataaboutyouinordertohavealgorithms(計算程序)todeterminewhatwillcatchyoureye,inan“attentioneconomy”thatkeepsusersscrolling,clickingandsharingagainandagainandagain.EveryonewhohasscrolledthroughFacebookknowsthat,insteadofimpartingwisdom,thesystemdishesoutcompulsivestuffthattendstoreinforcepeople’sbiases.

【答案】不久前，隨著精準的信息和毫不費力的交流幫助好人挖出了腐敗、趕走了偏執(zhí)，擊敗了謊言，社會媒體展示了一個更加開明的政治的前景。然而，F(xiàn)acebook承認，在2016年美國總統(tǒng)大選前后，1.46億用戶可能在其平臺上看到了俄羅斯的虛假信息。社交媒體非但沒有帶來啟迪，反而在傳播毒藥。而且，由于他們的工作方式，他們具有非凡的影響力。他們通過在你面前放照片、個人帖子、新聞故事和廣告來賺錢。他們收集關于你的數(shù)據，以便在一個讓用戶不斷滾動、點擊和分享的“注意力經濟”中，有算法來決定什么會吸引你的眼球。每個瀏覽過Facebook的人都知道，這個系統(tǒng)并沒有傳授智慧，而是發(fā)布一些強迫性的東西，這些東西往往會強化人們的偏見。

25.翻譯題

Withalittlemoredeliberationinthechoiceoftheirpursuits,allmenwouldperhapsbecomeessentiallystudentsandobservers,forcertainlytheirnatureanddestinyareinterestingtoallalike.Inaccumulatingpropertyforourselvesorourposterity,infoundingafamilyorastate,oracquiringfameeven,wearemortal;butindealingwithtruthweareimmortal,andneedfearnochangenoraccident.TheoldestEgyptianorHinduphilosopherraisedacorneroftheveilfromthestatueofthedivinity;andstillthetremblingroberemainsraised,andIgazeuponasfreshagloryashedid,sinceitwasIinhimthatwasthensobold,anditisheinmethatnowreviewsthevision.Nodusthassettledonthatrobe;notimehaselapsedsincethatdivinitywasrevealed.Thattimewhichwereallyimprove,orwhichisimprovable,isneitherpast,present,norfuture.

【答案】當我們對人的追求多點慎重多點考慮，大約就會低頭俯首當起學生和觀察員來，因為人的本性和命運，想必對所有人而言都是很有意思的。為自己或后代積累財產，成家或立國，甚或是樹立個人名望，在這些方面我們都是凡人，終有一死；然而在與真理打交道時，我們都超凡不朽，無須害怕變故。最古老的埃及或印度哲學家，掀起了神像的一角掩面輕紗；那顫動的紗巾迄今依然是掀起的，此刻我所看到的非凡之美，一如哲學家所看到的那般鮮活，因為當初他那么大膽時我就在他體內，而如今我再讀仰望尊容時他就在我體內。那袍子如今纖塵未染；自從神明顯露以來，也沒有時間流逝。那個我們真正拿來用的時刻，或者說那個可以為我們所用的時刻，既非過去，亦不是現(xiàn)在或將來。

26.單選題

Wedon’tencouragethemto（

）inanysolitaryamusements.

問題1選項

A.risk

B.revive

C.indulge

D.suspend

【答案】C

【解析】選項中只有C選項能與介詞in搭配,indulgein指“沉溺于”,符合句意。

27.問答題

Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,youcan'thelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.

Theirhairstylesandmake-uplookdate:theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;

A

B

theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.

C

D

【答案】試題答案：B;dated

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。由“theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort”可知此處指的是不好的，look表示“看起來”的意思，后面接形容詞，dated意為“過時的”。

28.單選題

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestin