書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainingofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductiveandmoreprone（1）makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby（2）ofyour"bodyclock"---asmallclusterofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological

（3）

.Thebodyclockisdesignedfora

（4）

rhythmofdaylightanddarkness,soitisthrownoutofbalancewhenit

（5）

daylightanddarknessatthe“wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The

（6）ofjetlagoftenpersistfordays（7）theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone.

Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemis

（8）

thatisbasedonproven

（9）pioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoore-Edehas

（10）

apracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone

（11）controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshiftiseasytoaccomplishandeliminates（12）ofthediscomfortofjetlag.

Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimetoeither

（13）

oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.The（14）

scheduleforlightexposuredependsagreatdealon（15）

travelplanes.

Dataonaspecificflightitineraryandtheindividual'ssleep

（16）areusedtoproduceaTripGuidewith

（17）onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight.

WhenthetripGuidecalls（18）brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad,oryouareonanairplane,youcanuseaspeciallight

（19）toprovidethenecessarylight（20）

forarangeofactivitiessuchasreading,watchingTVorworking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.from

C.to

D.or

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.rupture

B.corruption

C.eruption

D.disruption

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.actions

B.functions

C.reflection

D.behavior

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.regular

B.formal

C.continual

D.circular

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.encounters

C.possesses

D.experiences

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.diseases

B.symptoms

C.signs

D.defects

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.whereas

C.until

D.although

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.adaptable

B.approachable

C.available

D.agreeable

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.broad

B.inclusive

C.tentative

D.extensive

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.devised

B.witnessed

C.scrutinized

D.visualized

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.through

C.in

D.as

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.least

B.most

C.little

D.more

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.attain

B.shed

C.retrieve

D.seek

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.tight

B.right

C.proper

D.very

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.unique

B.specific

C.complicated

D.peculiar

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.norm

B.mode

C.pattern

D.style

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.directories

B.instructions

C.specifications

D.commentaries

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.on

C.for

D.up

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.device

B.service

C.measurement

D.year

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.agitation

B.spur

C.acceleration

D.stimulus

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。beproneto“有…的傾向，易于”

第2題:考查名詞辨析。句意：由于生物鐘紊亂導(dǎo)致低效以及易出錯(cuò)。disruption擾亂。

第3題:考查名詞辨析。biologicalaction生物作用；biologicalbehavior生物活動。句意：生物鐘控制生命活動的時(shí)間安排。

第4題:考查形容詞辨析。regular定期的，有規(guī)律的；formal正式的；continual繼續(xù)的；circular循環(huán)的。句意：生物鐘是用來調(diào)節(jié)白天和黑夜的規(guī)律的。故答案A

第5題:考查動詞辨析。retain保留；encounter遭遇，遇到；possess擁有；experience經(jīng)歷。句意：在一個(gè)新時(shí)區(qū)里，當(dāng)生物鐘在一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間經(jīng)歷白天和黑夜時(shí)，就會失去平衡。

第6題:考查名詞辨析。句意：生物鐘紊亂這種癥狀經(jīng)常持續(xù)……故答案B

第7題:考查連詞辨析。句意：生物鐘紊亂這種癥狀經(jīng)常持續(xù)，直到生物鐘適應(yīng)了新的時(shí)區(qū)。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。此處意為：現(xiàn)有的能夠抵抗生物鐘紊亂的新系統(tǒng)是…“available可獲得的”符合題意。adaptable適合的，能適應(yīng)的；approachable親切友善的，易理解的；agreeable令人愉快的，和藹可親的。

第9題:考查形容詞辨析。broad“寬廣的”，inclusive“包含的”，tentative“試驗(yàn)性的，嘗試的，暫時(shí)性的”；extensive“廣泛的，大規(guī)模的”。此處意為：基于大量的科學(xué)研究…

第10題:考查動詞辨析。句意：Dr.Martin想出了一種實(shí)用的策略…devise設(shè)計(jì)，想出；witness目擊，證明；scrutinize詳細(xì)檢查；visualize形象化，想象。

第11題:考查介詞辨析。此處意為通過接觸明亮的光線…

第12題:考查副詞辨析。聯(lián)系上下文可知答案B

第13題:考查動詞辨析。由or可知此處為并列或相反關(guān)系，seek和avoid構(gòu)成一對反義詞。

第14題:考查形容詞辨析。句意：正確接受光照的時(shí)間很大程度上取決于…

第15題:考查形容詞辨析。句意：正確接受光照的時(shí)間很大程度上取決于具體乘坐哪一班航班。

第16題:考查名詞辨析。sleeppattern睡眠模式，睡眠規(guī)律。

第17題:考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處意為：什么時(shí)候暴露在陽光下的說明。

第18題:考查固定搭配。此處意為：當(dāng)說明/指南需要你接受光照的時(shí)候…

第19題:考查名詞辨析。此處意為：用一種特殊的光照裝置來產(chǎn)生必要的光照。

第20題:考查名詞辨析。此處意為：用特殊的裝置提供必要的光刺激。agitation攪動，煽動；spur激勵(lì)；acceleration加速，促進(jìn)；stimulus刺激、激勵(lì)。

2.單選題

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe"actingarea"andthe"auditorium".Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect——successinhuntorballet,thecoiningrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Anappropriatetitleofthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheaterandritual?

3.Whichofthefollowingideasdoesthepassagesupport?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A."TheOriginsofTheater"

B.“TheRoleofRitualinModernDance"

C."TheImportanceofStorytelling"

D."TheWietyofEarlyReligiousActivities"

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dance.

B.Magic.

C.Music.

D.Costumes.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneissureabouttheoriginoftheater.

B.Mythsweretheultimateoriginofdrama.

C.Storytellingisanimportantpartofdrama.

D.Allreligionscamefromritualactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandramadoes.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章前兩段介紹了廣泛為人接受的理論-——戲劇起源于宗教儀式。最后一段還介紹了另外兩種有關(guān)戲劇起源的理論——認(rèn)為戲劇源自人們對敘述故事的興趣，和認(rèn)為可以將戲劇的起源追溯至舞蹈。故A項(xiàng)“戲劇的起源”比較適合作文章標(biāo)題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused(認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來的人們還認(rèn)為那些儀式包含了戲劇的基本因素，因?yàn)橐魳?、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎經(jīng)常被使用),因此B項(xiàng)“魔術(shù)”不是戲劇和儀式的基本因素。

3.判斷推理題。A:沒有人能確定戲劇的起源,B:神話是戲劇的最終起源,第一段指出:TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual(有很多關(guān)于古希臘戲劇起源的理論。其中今天最廣泛為人接受的理論是基于戲劇起源于宗教儀式的假設(shè)),由此可知A項(xiàng)正確,B項(xiàng)不正確。C:講故事是戲劇的一個(gè)重要部分,最后一段指出:Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling(另一個(gè)追溯戲劇起源的理論認(rèn)為它來自人們對敘述故事的興趣),由此可知C項(xiàng)和原文并不相符。D:所有的宗教起源于宗教儀式活動,文章并未提及。故此題選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:此外，還有表演者，因?yàn)樵趦x式的制定中避免犯錯(cuò)誤是相當(dāng)重要的，宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)這個(gè)任務(wù)。他們戴著面具，穿著戲服，經(jīng)常模仿其他人、動物或超自然的生物，模仿演員所期望的效果——成功模仿狩獵或芭蕾，無論晴天或雨天。這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)最終與宗教活動分離開來。由此可看出D項(xiàng)“宗教儀式有一個(gè)宗教目的，而戲劇沒有”正確。

3.單選題

Abalanceofinternationalpaymentreferstothenetresultofthebusinesswhichanation（

）withothernationsinagivenperiod.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transact

B.tempts

C.thrives

D.transforms

【答案】A

【解析】句意:國際收支平衡是指在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)一個(gè)國家與其他國家貿(mào)易的凈收益。

固定搭配。transactbusinesswith與…交易。

4.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.

【答案】人本心理學(xué)5.單選題

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puthimthrough

B.turnedhimout

C.gavehimup

D.cuthimshort

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)putthrough“接通，完成”；B選項(xiàng)turnout“結(jié)果是”；C選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄”；D選項(xiàng)cutshort“打斷，縮減”。句意：杰克正要宣布我們的計(jì)劃，但我打斷了他。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

6.單選題

Drivingacarwithoutinsurancecanhave（）consequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.uncertain

B.disastrous

C.potential

D.unworthy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)uncertain“無常的；靠不住的；遲疑不決的”；B選項(xiàng)disastrous“損失慘重的；悲傷的”；C選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的；可能的”；D選項(xiàng)unworthy“不值得的；無價(jià)值的”。句意：在沒有保險(xiǎn)的情況下駕車可能產(chǎn)生損失慘重的后果。根據(jù)句中“Drivingacarwithoutinsurance在沒有保險(xiǎn)的情況下駕車”可知“損失慘重的”符合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ifyoucan’tgiveupsmokingcompletely,atleasttryto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】C

【解析】takedown放下,記下；turndown關(guān)小,調(diào)低；cutdown削減,減少；settledown定居,專心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒煙,至少應(yīng)該試著減少吸煙。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Somepeoplebelievethat“KingJohn”waswrittenbyShakespeare,butsomepeoplethinkitmightbewrittenbyan（）author.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.authentic

C.antique

D.anonymous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；authentic真正的，真實(shí)的；antique古老的，年代久遠(yuǎn)的；anonymous匿名的，無名的。由but可知前后句所述內(nèi)容相反，前半句說有人相信莎士比亞是《約翰王》的作者，后半句推測作者是一個(gè)匿名的作家。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：有些人認(rèn)為《約翰王》是莎士比亞寫的，但有些人認(rèn)為它可能是匿名的作者寫的。

9.單選題

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthor’spurposesinparagraph2aretodescribe（

）.

3.Theword“incised”inline15isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthatthey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.burned

B.cut

C.framed

D.baked

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaper

B.arecreatedfromareversedimage

C.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshades

D.requireaprintingpress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章主要討論的問題是什么”。文章第一段第一句為文章的中心句：版畫是一系列工藝的總稱，其中木刻和雕刻是兩個(gè)主要的例子（Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples），接下來的內(nèi)容都是在講述木刻與雕刻，所以選項(xiàng)C“版畫的兩種”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“第二段的目的是為了描述……”。文章第二段介紹了木刻的來源：公元五世紀(jì)中國開始采用，主要用于紡織；十四世紀(jì)傳入歐洲。然后介紹了木刻工藝的具體流程，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義題。題目問的是“單詞incised與哪個(gè)詞的意思最接近”。文章第三段提到“圖片被……進(jìn)一塊高度拋光的金屬板”（Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate），由此可以推測出incised有“雕刻”的意思。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，木刻與雕刻的共同點(diǎn)是什么”。文章最后一段提到“版畫很適合多圖制作”（Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages），可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，下列關(guān)于出版哪項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的”。文章第二段提到木刻起源于中國，用于紡織，由此可知選項(xiàng)A描述正確，排除；文章第一段提到“當(dāng)紙被拿掉時(shí)，圖像會附著在紙上，但是方向是相反的”（Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse），由此可知選項(xiàng)B描述正確，排除；文章第一段提到“印刷是把一張紙（或其他材料）壓在一個(gè)裝有油墨的承載圖像的表面上”（Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied），由此可知選項(xiàng)D描述正確，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我負(fù)責(zé)的公司在上周深吸了一口新鮮空氣，然后就徹底戒掉了吸煙壞習(xí)慣。在家庭辦公室里工作，吸煙是完全禁止的。），根據(jù)wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉壞習(xí)慣）這個(gè)詞語，可以推斷出公司是突然禁止吸煙，故D項(xiàng)“公司總部突然全面禁止吸煙”正確，由此也可知B項(xiàng)“該公司逐步、有條件地實(shí)行了禁煙令”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我們的3000名家庭辦公室員工中，大多數(shù)人支持我們的新政策，吸煙者和不吸煙者都是一樣的，但有少數(shù)人抱怨說，我們?yōu)槭裁匆捌缫曃鼰熣摺?。）可知，關(guān)于公司的禁煙令，包括吸煙者和不吸煙者在內(nèi)，大部分的員工是支持的，只有少數(shù)人有抱怨，這其中可能有吸煙者可能也有不吸煙者，因此A項(xiàng)“總的來說，吸煙的員工對公司規(guī)定不允許在工作場所吸煙感到不舒服”和C項(xiàng)“在公司的主要辦公室里，吸煙者被認(rèn)為是少數(shù)愛發(fā)牢騷的人”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年殺死35萬美國人的事情都應(yīng)該采取果斷的行動，所有強(qiáng)壯的牛仔和黃褐色頭發(fā)的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香煙廣告，來掩蓋這個(gè)國家七分之一的死亡與吸煙有關(guān)的事實(shí)。）可以推斷，香煙廣告通常都是以誘人的形象來展示，故A項(xiàng)“香煙廣告通常利用誘人形象的吸引力”正確；B項(xiàng)“香煙廣告傾向于提醒人們吸煙和美好生活之間的關(guān)系”從文中推斷不出來；C項(xiàng)“一般來說，香煙廣告是為了誤導(dǎo)不吸煙的人”也不正確，香煙廣告既可能誘導(dǎo)不吸煙者也可能誤導(dǎo)吸煙者；D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)香煙廣告的目標(biāo)是強(qiáng)壯和有吸引力的男人和女人”顛倒了文章意思。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的目的是什么？”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段通過公司突然禁煙的做法引出了無煙工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)，第二段闡述了提供無煙工作環(huán)境的原因，即吸煙的一系列危害，接著第三段講到了公司為了實(shí)行禁令為員工做的一些努力和大多數(shù)員工對禁令的支持，然后最后一段總結(jié)，吸煙導(dǎo)致的增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、死亡和工作時(shí)間損失都會給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成一定的損失，所以提供無煙工作環(huán)境是一個(gè)商業(yè)的決策；綜合全文我們可以推斷出，這篇文章的目的是給“提供無煙工作環(huán)境”這一策略做辯護(hù)，C項(xiàng)“為在工作場所控制吸煙的做法辯護(hù)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“批判吸煙的習(xí)慣對健康有害”和B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)無煙工作環(huán)境的可獲得性”都是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文；D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于讓吸煙成為僅僅是與工作相關(guān)的問題的論點(diǎn)”不符合文意。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是作者用以作為管制工作期間吸煙的理由？”。由第二段最后兩句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（與此相關(guān)的成本也在侵蝕我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。最近的一份報(bào)告估計(jì)，吸煙者使用醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)的人數(shù)至少比不吸煙者多50%；他們每天要浪費(fèi)30分鐘的時(shí)間摸索火柴和打火機(jī)，吸食誘人的毒藥。）以及最后一段中的倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)國會研究，每年因吸煙而增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、過早死亡和工作時(shí)間損失給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的損失平均為650億美元）可知，A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙者耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣，所以在工作效率不如不吸煙者的假設(shè)”、C項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的導(dǎo)致過早死亡的健康問題”和D項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的成本削弱了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的事實(shí)”都是禁止工作期間吸煙的理由；只有B項(xiàng)“吸煙嚴(yán)重污染工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

中國科技館的誕生來之不易。與國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏營養(yǎng)，但是它成長的步伐卻是堅(jiān)實(shí)而有力的。它在國際上已被公認(rèn)為后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各

種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階

段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了

被動的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動手操作，

自己細(xì)心體察。這樣，他們可以去貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。

中國科技館正是這樣的博物館！它汲取了國際上一些著名博物館的長處，設(shè)計(jì)制作了力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品，展示了科學(xué)的原理和現(xiàn)今的科技成果。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationmuseumsofsciencesarethosedevotedtonaturalhistory,whichdemonstratetheevolutionarychangesoftheearthandorganismsthroughfossilsandspecimens.Thesecondonesaremuseumsofindustrialtechnologyexhibitingachievementsgeneratedintheindustrialage.Thesetwokindsofmuseums,thoughdisseminatetheknowledge,regardtheirvisitorsaspassiveviewers.

Thethirdgenerationmuseumsarefilledwithnewconcepts.Here,visitorscanoperatebythemselves,whichenablesthemtounderstandadvancedtechnologiesbetterandhelpthemprobeintothewondersofscienceandtechnology.

12.單選題

WheneverIworriedthatourconnectionmightbefading,Iopenedthedrawerandfelthisenergy（

）aroundmelikeafreedcanary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flutterup

B.adhereto

C.flashback

D.queueup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。flutterup“撲閃起來”；adhereto“堅(jiān)持；粘附”；flashback“；反射”；queueup“排隊(duì)等候”。句意：每當(dāng)我擔(dān)心我們之間的聯(lián)系會逐漸淡去時(shí)，我就打開抽屜，感受他的活力就像一只放飛自由的金絲雀圍繞著我。由likeafreedcanary可知A項(xiàng)符合語境，答案A

13.單選題

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe（）ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enjoyment

B.appreciation

C.evaluation

D.reputation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：在他19年的職業(yè)生涯中，F(xiàn)ranceBattiate贏得了意大利以外的大量觀眾的。

enjoyment享受；appreciation欣賞；evaluation評價(jià)；reputation名譽(yù)。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Sincethedatafromtheexperimentsarenoteasytobeanalysed,itwillbeseveralweeksbeforeweknowwhetherwearefreetoproceedwiththesecondpartofourresearchprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.arenoteasy

C.tobeanalysed

D.freetoproceedwith

【答案】B

【解析】語法錯(cuò)誤。主謂不一致。are改成is。主語thedata為單數(shù)，故系動詞應(yīng)該用is。

15.單選題

Anothertrendofthe1990sinthecomputerindustryistowardmultimediaformats,asthemarketforconventionaltypesofcomputer—thosethathavecomputationanddataprocessingastheirmajorfunctions—hasbeguntobecomesaturated.Multimediacomputersaresystemsthatcanprocessgraphics,sound,video,andanimationinadditiontotraditionaldataprocessing,Videocassetterecorders,televisions,telephones,andaudiocassetteplayershaverecentlyundergoneachangeintechnologyfromanalogtodigitalformats.Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot.Inotherwords,digitalvideoimagescanbezoomedupordown,reshaped,orrearrangedbytheappropriatesoftware.Also,duetoadvancesinvideo-signalcompressiontechnology,thememoryspacerequiredforstoringavideoprogramhasbeengreatlyreduced.

Multimediahasimportantapplicationsforconsumerproductsandforbusinessneeds.Videoscenesthatarecapturedbycamcorderscanbecombinedwithtext,sound,anddataandcanbeviewedontelevisionsetsinhomes,schools,oroffices.Thesemultimediapresentationsarebecomingusefuleducationalandcommercialtools.Forexample,thereareavailableencyclopediasthatcontainvideoprogramsdepictinganimalbehavior,geoinorphicprocessing,andothernaturalphenomena.Automobilemechanicscanwatchvideosthatdemonstratehowtorepairnewmodels.Inbusinessapplications,documentscanbeannotatedwithvoiceorvideo.Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused.CD-ROMsofnumerousothersubjectshavebeenrecentlypublished;allofthemcanbeviewedonTVmonitorsusingmultimediacomputers.Thesemultimediacomputersystemscan,inturn,beincorporatedintocomputernetworks,enhancingtheeffectivenessofcommunication.

Thismultitudeofnewproductsandcapabilitieshasbeenmadepossiblebythetremendousprogressofmicroprocessortechnology.Becauseoftheadvancesinthisarea,personalcomputershavebecomemorepowerful,smaller,andlessexpensive,whichhasenabledcomputernetworkstoproliferate.Manyofthetasksthatweretraditionallyperformedbymainframeshavebeentransferredtopersonalcomputersconnectedtocommunicationsnetworks.Althoughthemainframe,continuestobeproducedandservesausefulpurpose,ithasbeenusedmoreoftenasoneofmanydifferentco