書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

II.LegalHistory

ThereisalargelyforgottenstorytobetoldofU.S.legalimperialisminChina,despiteChina’slocationfaroutsideofAmerica’sterritorialborders.Thestory’sprotagonistisaratherarcanesoundinglegaldoctrine,extraterritorialjurisdiction.Exclusiveterritorialjurisdictionisoneofthedefiningfeaturesofthesovereigntyofthemodernnation-state.Withlimitedexceptions,itiswhereapersonisthatdetermineswhatlawappliestohimorher.However,whenastateassertsextraterritorialjurisdiction,itclaimstherighttoapplyitslawsbeyondthebordersofitsterritory.

Toanticipatethestory,theextraordinarytreatythatlaidthefoundationforAmericanextraterritorialitywasnegotiatedbyCalebCushing,thefirstAmericanministertoChinaaswellasaMassachusettscongressman,alawyer,andafutureattorneygeneraloftheUnitedStates.CushingwaschargedbyPresidentJohnTylerwiththepre-textualmissionofgoingtoPekingtoinquireaftertheemperor’shealthandtocarryoutthepresident’swishesforhislongevity.BackedbyhisownlittlearmadaaswellasthepresenceoftheU.S.navalforcesinthePacific,CushingpersuadedtheQingEmpiretoenterintoaTreatyofPeace,Amity,andCommercewiththeUnitedStates.ThetreatywassignedonJuly3,1844,inthevillageofWanghiainMacao.Underitsterms,ChinawasobligatedtoallowAmericanstotradefreelyinCantonaswellasinfourotherpreviouslyclosedports.Moreover,AmericansobtainedtherightofextraterritorialjurisdictioninChina.From1844until1943,U.S.citizensinChinawereformallysubjectonlytothelawsoftheUnitedStates.Stateddifferently,whenAmericansenteredChina,Americanlawtraveledwiththem,effectivelyattachingtotheirverybodies.

Howdidtherelativelyrecentlyemancipatedworld’sleadinganti-colonialpowerreconcileitsextraterritorialjurisdictioninChinawithChiefJusticeMarshall’sringingstatementin1812,“Thejurisdictionofanationwithinitsterritoryisnecessarilyexclusiveandabsolute…beingaliketheattributeofeverysovereignandincapableofconferringextraterritorialpower”?ItturnsoutthattheforgottencenturyofAmericanextraterritorialjurisdictioninChinaisastorynotonlyaboutChinaandtheUnitedStatesbutalsoofinternationallaw.Thisessayisthusalsoastoryaboutlaw’soperationtransnationally,andacasestudyofhowlawdynamicallybothconstitutesanddeconstitutessovereignsatbothnationalandinternationallevels.

1.Whichoneofthefollowingisextraterritorialjurisdictionaccordingtotheauthor?

2.WhichdescriptionaboutCalebCushingisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

3.WhatisNOTincludedinthe1844Sino-Americabilateraltreaty?

4.ThecontradictionbetweentheAmericanextraterritorialityandJusticeMarshall’sstatementin1812canbereconciledwhen___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.CountryAimposesfinetoitsowncitizenwhoviolatestrafficrulesinCountryA

B.CountryAimposesfinetoacitizenofCountryBwhoviolatestrafficrulesinCountryA

C.CountryAchargescrimeresponsibilitytoacitizenofCountryAwhocommitsacrimeinCountryB

D.CountryBchargescrimeresponsibilitytoacitizenofCountryAwhocommitsacrimeinCountryB

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.HewasaMassachusettscongressman.

B.HewasthefirstAmericanenvoytoChina.

C.Hewasalawyer.

D.HewastheattorneygeneraloftheUnitedStatesbeforevisitedChina.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.WhenAmericansenteredChina,theyallcarriedUSlaws.

B.AmericanswereallowedtotradefreelyinCanton.

C.Americanswereallowedtotradefreelyinfourotherpreviouslyclosedports.

D.UScitizensinChinawerenotsubjecttoChineselaws.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecenturyofAmericanextraterritorialjurisdictionisforgotten

B.onelooksattheissuefrominternationallevel

C.everysovereignisincapableofconferringextraterritorialpower

D.lawdynamicallyconstitutesanddeconstitutessovereigns

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段末尾Moreover,AmericansobtainedtherightofextraterritorialjurisdictioninChina.From1844until1943,U.S.citizensinChinawereformallysubjectonlytothelawsoftheUnitedStates.Stateddifferently,whenAmericansenteredChina,Americanlawtraveledwiththem,effectivelyattachingtotheirverybodies.（此外，美國(guó)人在中國(guó)獲得了治外法權(quán)。從1844年到1943年，在中國(guó)的美國(guó)公民在形式上只受美國(guó)法律的約束。換言之，當(dāng)美國(guó)人進(jìn)入中國(guó)，美國(guó)法律與他們同行，有效地依附于他們的身體）可知在中國(guó)的美國(guó)人只需要遵守美國(guó)的法律，可選C選項(xiàng)“A國(guó)對(duì)在B國(guó)犯罪的A國(guó)公民追究犯罪責(zé)任”；A選項(xiàng)“A國(guó)對(duì)違反A國(guó)交通規(guī)則的本國(guó)公民處以罰款”，B選項(xiàng)“A國(guó)對(duì)B國(guó)違反A國(guó)交通規(guī)則的公民處以罰款”以及D選項(xiàng)“B國(guó)對(duì)在B國(guó)犯罪的A國(guó)公民追究犯罪責(zé)任”都不符合治外法權(quán)的定義。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞CalebCushing定位到第二段Toanticipatethestory,theextraordinarytreatythatlaidthefoundationforAmericanextraterritorialitywasnegotiatedbyCalebCushing,thefirstAmericanministertoChinaaswellasaMassachusettscongressman,alawyer,andafutureattorneygeneraloftheUnitedStates.（為了預(yù)測(cè)這個(gè)故事，美國(guó)首任駐華大使卡萊布?庫(kù)欣談判達(dá)成了為美國(guó)治外法權(quán)奠定基礎(chǔ)的特別條約?？ㄈR布?庫(kù)欣曾是馬薩諸塞州的國(guó)會(huì)議員、律師，后來(lái)還擔(dān)任過(guò)美國(guó)司法部長(zhǎng)）可知D選項(xiàng)“他在訪問(wèn)中國(guó)之前曾擔(dān)任美國(guó)司法部長(zhǎng)”和原文不符，原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他是在訪問(wèn)中國(guó)之前擔(dān)任美國(guó)司法部長(zhǎng)；A選項(xiàng)“他是馬薩諸塞州的國(guó)會(huì)議員”，B選項(xiàng)“他是第一位美國(guó)駐華使節(jié)”以及C選項(xiàng)“他是律師”都符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Underitsterms,ChinawasobligatedtoallowAmericanstotradefreelyinCantonaswellasinfourotherpreviouslyclosedports.Moreover,AmericansobtainedtherightofextraterritorialjurisdictioninChina.From1844until1943,U.S.citizensinChinawereformallysubjectonlytothelawsoftheUnitedStates.Stateddifferently,whenAmericansenteredChina,Americanlawtraveledwiththem,effectivelyattachingtotheirverybodies.（根據(jù)其條款，中國(guó)有義務(wù)允許美國(guó)人在廣州以及其他四個(gè)以前關(guān)閉的港口自由貿(mào)易。此外，美國(guó)人在中國(guó)獲得了治外法權(quán)。從1844年到1943年，美國(guó)在華公民正式只受美國(guó)法律的約束。換言之，當(dāng)美國(guó)人進(jìn)入中國(guó)，美國(guó)法律與他們同行，有效地依附于他們的身體）可知B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人被允許在廣東自由貿(mào)易”，C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人被允許在其他四個(gè)以前關(guān)閉的港口自由貿(mào)易”以及D選項(xiàng)“在中國(guó)的美國(guó)公民不受中國(guó)法律的約束”在原文提及；A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)美國(guó)人進(jìn)入中國(guó)時(shí)，他們都帶著美國(guó)的法律”并不是中美雙邊條約中的內(nèi)容，只是原文的比喻。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段末尾ItturnsoutthattheforgottencenturyofAmericanextraterritorialjurisdictioninChinaisastorynotonlyaboutChinaandtheUnitedStatesbutalsoofinternationallaw.Thisessayisthusalsoastoryaboutlaw’soperationtransnationally,andacasestudyofhowlawdynamicallybothconstitutesanddeconstitutessovereignsatbothnationalandinternationallevels.（事實(shí)證明，被遺忘的美國(guó)在華治外法權(quán)世紀(jì)，不僅是一個(gè)關(guān)于中美兩國(guó)的故事，也是一個(gè)關(guān)于國(guó)際法的故事。因此，本文也是一個(gè)關(guān)于法律跨國(guó)運(yùn)作的故事，也是一個(gè)關(guān)于法律如何在國(guó)家和國(guó)際層面上動(dòng)態(tài)地構(gòu)成和解構(gòu)主權(quán)的案例研究）可知美國(guó)的治外法權(quán)與馬歇爾1812年的聲明之間的矛盾可以在從國(guó)際層面看問(wèn)題時(shí)得到調(diào)和，選B選項(xiàng)“從國(guó)際層面看問(wèn)題”；A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)治外法權(quán)的世紀(jì)被遺忘了”，C選項(xiàng)“每一個(gè)主權(quán)國(guó)家都沒(méi)有能力授予域外權(quán)力”，D選項(xiàng)“法律動(dòng)態(tài)地構(gòu)成和構(gòu)成主權(quán)”并不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Canyou（）thetruthofhisstatement?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.refuse

C.decline

D.reject

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。deny“否認(rèn)”，否認(rèn)事實(shí)的真實(shí)性，refuse“拒絕”，decline“婉拒”，語(yǔ)氣沒(méi)那么強(qiáng)，reject“拒絕，排斥”，語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)，不采納別人的意見。句意：你能否認(rèn)這個(gè)陳述的真實(shí)性嗎？選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirmanifestadvantages.Furthermore,theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.

Effortsweremadetofindthecauseoftheconsumers’seeminglyunreasonableresistancetotheproduct.Thereasongivenbymostpeoplewasdislikeforthetaste.Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasons,however.Thiswasconfirmedbyoneofmotivationresearch’sclassicstudies,oneoftencitedinthetrade.MasonHaire,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,constructedtwoshoppingliststhatwereidenticalexceptforoneitem.Thereweresixitemscommontobothlists:hamburger,carrots,bakingpowder,bread,cannedpeachesandpotatoes,withthebrandsofamountsspecified.Theseventhitem,inthefifthplaceonbothlists,read“1lb.MaxwellHousecoffee”ononelistand“Nescafeinstantcoffee”ontheother.Onelistwasgiventoeachpersoninagroupoffiftywomen,andtheotherlisttothoseinanothergroupofthesamesize.Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribe,asfarastheycould,thekindofwoman(“personalityandcharacter”)whowoulddrawupthatshoppinglist.Nearlyhalfofthosewhohadreceivedthelistincludinginstantcoffeedescribedahousewifewhowaslazyandapoorplanner.Ontheotherhand,onlyonewomanintheothergroupdescribedthehousewife,whohadincludedregularcoffeeonherlist,aslazy;onlysixofthatgroupsuggestedthatshewasapoorplanner.Eightwomenfeltthattheinstantcoffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife!Nooneintheothergroupdrewsuchaconclusionaboutthehousewifewhointendedtobuyregularcoffee.

1.Thefactthatproducersfoundresistancetotheirproductdespitethefactthattheyspentmoreadvertisingmoneyoninstantthanregularcoffeeshowsthat（

）.

2.Inthisinstance,thepurposeofmotivationresearchwastodiscover

（

）.

3.Thisinvestigationindicatedthat

（

）.

4.Ontheresultsofthistest,theproducersprobablyrevisedtheiradvertisingtoshowa

（

）.

5.Impliedbutnotstated:（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advertisingdoesnotassurefavorablesalesresult

B.companiesspentmoremoneyonadvertisingthantheyshould

C.peoplepaylittleattentiontoadvertising

D.themoreoneadvertisesthebetterthesalespicture

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.whypeopledrinkcoffee

B.whyinstantcoffeedidnottastegood

C.whyregularcoffeewassuccessful

D.therealreasonwhypeoplewouldnotbuyinstantcoffee

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.50percentofhousewivesarelazy

B.housewiveswhouseinstantcoffeearelazy

C.manywomenbelievethatwiveswhouseinstantcoffeearelazy

D.wiveswhouseregularcoffeearegoodplanners

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lazyhousewifeusingregularcoffee

B.hardworkinghousewifeusinginstantcoffee

C.lazyhousewifeusinginstantcoffee

D.manobviouslyenjoyingthetasteofinstantcoffee

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Despiteitsadvantages,mostpeopledislikedinstantcoffeebecauseofitstaste

B.Theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasgreaterthanthatforregularcoffee

C.Veryoftenwedonotknowtherealreasonsfordoingthings

D.Tasteistheprincipalfactorindeterminingwhatwebuy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“盡管在速溶咖啡上花了比普通咖啡更多的廣告費(fèi)，但是生產(chǎn)商發(fā)現(xiàn)這種商品受到了消費(fèi)者的抵制，這說(shuō)明……”生廠商為他們的即沖咖啡做了大量廣告然而卻沒(méi)能得到消費(fèi)者的認(rèn)可，可以得出并不是所有的廣告都能起到預(yù)期效果，所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在這個(gè)例子中，動(dòng)機(jī)研究的目的是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)……”。文章第二段第三句提到“生產(chǎn)商懷疑有更深層的原因”（Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasons,however），由此可以得出這項(xiàng)調(diào)查是為了找出為什么消費(fèi)者不接受即沖咖啡這個(gè)產(chǎn)品。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“這項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明……”。文章最后一段提到家庭主婦認(rèn)為買速溶咖啡證明這個(gè)人非常懶惰，不是一個(gè)好妻子（Eightwomenfeltthattheinstantcoffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)這次試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，生廠商有可能修改廣告的內(nèi)容，這表明……”。調(diào)查結(jié)果表明人們不買速溶咖啡的原因是它暗示家庭主婦懶惰或者不會(huì)精明持家，所以生產(chǎn)商應(yīng)該在轉(zhuǎn)變這種暗示上花功夫。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章暗示但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明……”。文章提到消費(fèi)者不愿意買速溶咖啡是因?yàn)檫@種咖啡味道不好，卻忽略了更為深層的含義：只有懶惰的家庭主婦才會(huì)買這種咖啡。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind,butthereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon:anIranambitiousfornukes.

Aug.16issue—whocouldhaveimaginedthatalliancemanagementwouldbeahotelectionissueinAmerica?Butitis.JohnKerry’srepeatedpledgetorestorerelationswithAmerica’sallieshasstruckachord.Thetroubleis,ifheiselectedpresident,Kerryisgoingtofindthatpromisehardtokeep—atleastwithAmerica’salliesinEurope.MostofthemwouldbedelightedtoseeKerrywin,butthatdoesn'tmeantheywillbemorecooperativeonpolicyissues.Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind,butthereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon.EarlyintoaKerryadministration,wecouldseeafamiliarsight—atransatlanticcrisis—exceptthistimeitwouldn’tbeoverIraqbutIran.

ThethreattoAmericafromIraqiweaponsofmassdestruction,iftheyeverexisted,isinthepast.Iran,ontheotherhand,istheproblemofthefuture.Overthelasttwoyears,thankstotipsfromIranianoppositiongroupsandinvestigationsbytheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency,ithasbecomeclearthatIranisseekingtodevelopnuclearweapons.Inthewordsoftheagency,Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle.”whichleadsmostexpertstobelieveitistwotothreeyearsawayfromhavinganuclearbomb.

EuropeancountrieswereasworriedbythisdevelopmentasWashingtonand,sincetheUnitedStateshasnorelationswithIran,EuropesteppedinlastfallandnegotiatedadealwithIran.ItwasanexcellentagreementinwhichIranpledgedtostopdevelopingfissilematerial(thecoreingredientofanuclearbombandtokeepitsnuclearprogramtransparent.Theonlyproblemis.Iranhasrecentlyannouncedthatitisn’tgoingtoabidebythedeal.AstheIAEA’sinvestigationgotmoreserious.Tehrangotmoresecretive.OnemonthagotheagencycondemnedIranforitsfailuretocooperate.Tehranrespondedbyannouncingthatitwouldresumeworkinprohibitedareas.

That’swherethingsstandnow,withtheclocktickingfast.IfIranweretogonuclear,itwouldhavedramaticeffects.Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialsinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.AnditwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.SaudiArabiaandEgyptwouldfeelthreatenedbyIran’sbombandwouldstarttheirownsearchfornucleartechnology.(SaudiArabiaprobablycouldnotmakeabombbutitcouldcertainlybuynecessarytechnologyfromacountrylikePakistan.Infact,wedon’treallyknowallofthebuyerswhopatronizedPakistaniscientistA.Q.Khan’snuclearsupermarket.It’squitepossibleSaudiArabiaalreadyhasafewelementsofsuchaprogram.)AndthenthereisIsrael,whichhaslongseenIranasitsgreatestthreat.ItisunlikelytositpassivelywhileIrandevelopsanuclearbomb.ThepowerfulIranianpoliticianAliRafsanjanihaspubliclyspeculatedaboutanuclearexchangewithIsrael.IfIran’sprogramwentforward,atsomepointIsraelwouldalmostcertainlytrytodestroyitusingairstrikes,asitdidIraq’sreactorinOsirik.Suchanactionwould,ofcourse,createamassivepoliticalcrisisintheregion.

Inthefaceofthesestarkdangers,Europeseemsremarkablypassive.Havingburstintoactionlastfall,itdoesnotseemtoknowwhattodonowthatIranhasrebuffeditsefforts.Itisurgingnegotiationsagain,whichisfine.ButwhatwillittellIraninthesenegotiations?Whatisthethreatthatitiswillingtowield?

LastmonththeBrookingsInstitutionconductedascenariowithmostlyformerAmericanandEuropeanofficials.Init,Iranactuallyacquiresfissilematerial.Evenfacingtheimminentproductionofanuclearbomb,Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasuresliketheuseofforceortoughsanctions.JamesSteinberg,aseniorClintonofficialwhoorganizedthisworkshop,saidthathewas“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes.”MadeleineAlbright,whoregularlyconvenesadiscussiongroupofformerforeignministers,saidthatonthistopic.“EuropeanssaytheyunderstandthethreatbutthenactasiftherealproblemisnotIranbuttheUnitedStates.”

AmericanpolicytowardIranishardlyblameless.WashingtonrefuseseventoconsiderthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran,letaloneactualrelations.EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan.TheywouldgoalongwithabiggerstickifWashingtonwouldthrowinabiggercarrot:directengagementwithTehran.ThisissomethingTehranhaslongsought,anditcouldbeofferedinreturnforrenouncingitsnuclearambitions.

Butforanyofthistohappen,Europemustbewillingtoplayanactive,assertiverole.ItmuststopviewingitselfmerelyasacriticofAmericanpolicy,butratherseeitselfasapartner,jointlyactingtoreducethedangersofnuclearproliferation.AnditshoulddothisnotasafavortoJohnKerrybutasaresponsibilitytoitsowncitizensandthoseoftheworld.

26.WhatisthefuturethreattoAmericannationalsecurityaccordingtotheauthor?

27.WhichofthefollowinginNOTincludedinthedramaticeffectsifIranweretogonuclear?

28.WhywasJamesSteinberg“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes”?

29.Whatisauthor’sviewpointtowardWashington’sattitudeontheissueofIran’snuclearthreat?

30.Whatistheauthor’sstandontheissue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iraqiweaponsofmassdestruction.

B.InvestigationsbytheInternationalAtomicAgency.

C.Iranhasanuclearbomb.

D.Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle”.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.

B.Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.

C.ItwouldaffecttherelationsbetweentheU.N.andtheU.S.

D.ItwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind.

B.ThedeteriorationofthetransatlanticrelationsfrustratedKerry.

C.Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasures.

D.AmericanpolicytowardIranisblameless.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericangovernmentshouldhavetalkswithEuropeannations.

B.WashingtonshouldhavedirectengagementwithTehran.

C.GovernmentofU.S.shouldrenounceIran’snuclearambitions.

D.WashingtonshouldbeblamedfornotconsideringthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.DisapproveAmericans’attitude.

B.ApproveneitherAmericans’attitudenorEuropeans’efforts.

C.UnsatisfiedwithEuropeans’efforts.

D.AmericansandEuropeansshouldmakejointeffortstoreducethedangers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“作者認(rèn)為未來(lái)威脅美國(guó)國(guó)家安全的是什么”，可定位到原文第3段第1、2句ThethreattoAmericafromIraqiweaponsofmassdestruction,iftheyeverexisted,isinthepast.Iran,ontheotherhand,istheproblemofthefuture.（伊拉克大規(guī)模殺傷性武器——如果曾經(jīng)存在的話——是美國(guó)過(guò)去的威脅。另一方面，伊朗是未來(lái)的問(wèn)題。）由此可知，作者認(rèn)為未來(lái)美國(guó)國(guó)家安全的威脅來(lái)自伊朗，A選項(xiàng)“伊拉克的大規(guī)模殺傷性武器”是過(guò)去的問(wèn)題；B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)查”未提及，均排除；C選項(xiàng)“伊朗擁有核彈”以及D選項(xiàng)“伊朗擁有‘一個(gè)幾乎完整的核燃料循環(huán)前端’”可定位到第3段最后一句Inthewordsoftheagency,Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle.”whichleadsmostexpertstobelieveitistwotothreeyearsawayfromhavinganuclearbomb.（機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)查指出，伊朗擁有“一個(gè)幾乎完整的核燃料循環(huán)前端”，這使得大多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為，兩到三年內(nèi)伊朗就會(huì)擁有核彈。）由此判斷，D選項(xiàng)“伊朗擁有‘一個(gè)幾乎完整的核燃料循環(huán)前端’”已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了，而C選項(xiàng)“伊朗擁有核彈”是未來(lái)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的，是未來(lái)美國(guó)國(guó)家安全的威脅。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

27.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干“伊朗走向核武器的巨大影響不包括以下哪項(xiàng)”可定位到第5段第2句IfIranweretogonuclear,itwouldhavedramaticeffects.（伊朗擁有核武器，將會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。）A選項(xiàng)“它將把核材料交到一個(gè)與臭名昭著的組織有聯(lián)系的激進(jìn)政權(quán)手中”，可定位到第5段第3句Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialsinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.（它將把核材料交到一個(gè)與臭名昭著的組織有聯(lián)系的激進(jìn)政權(quán)手中。）兩者表述完全一致，排除；B選項(xiàng)“這將向其他國(guó)家發(fā)出信號(hào)，即打破核禁忌是可能的”，可定位到第5段第4句Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.（這將向其他國(guó)家發(fā)出信號(hào)，即打破核禁忌是可能的。）兩者表述完全一致，排除；C選項(xiàng)“它將影響聯(lián)合國(guó)和歐盟的關(guān)系”，原文并未提及；D選項(xiàng)“它將給中東帶來(lái)革命”，可定位到第5段第5句AnditwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.（并且它將給中東帶來(lái)革命。）兩者表述完全一致，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

28.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么JamesSteinberg對(duì)歐洲的態(tài)度深感失望”可定位到第7段第3句JamesSteinberg…saidthathewas“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes.”（JamesSteinberg說(shuō)“他對(duì)歐洲的態(tài)度深感失望”），前一句Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasuresliketheuseofforceortoughsanctions.（歐洲國(guó)家不愿采取任何強(qiáng)硬措施，比如使用武力或嚴(yán)厲制裁。）由此判斷，JamesSteinberg失望的原因是“歐洲國(guó)家不愿采取任何強(qiáng)硬措施”，C選項(xiàng)“歐洲國(guó)家不愿采取任何強(qiáng)硬措施”與原文表述一致。A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人心中都有恐懼是可以理解的?！薄選項(xiàng)“大西洋兩岸關(guān)系的惡化讓Kerry感到沮喪?！?、D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)對(duì)伊朗的政策是無(wú)可指責(zé)的?！倍疾皇菤W洲的態(tài)度，并沒(méi)有回答問(wèn)題。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

29.判斷推理題。題干“作者對(duì)華盛頓在伊朗核威脅問(wèn)題上的態(tài)度有何看法”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段第1、2句AmericanpolicytowardIranishardlyblameless.WashingtonrefuseseventoconsiderthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran,letaloneactualrelations.（美國(guó)對(duì)伊朗的政策并非無(wú)可指責(zé)。華盛頓甚至拒絕考慮與伊朗直接對(duì)話的可能性，更不用說(shuō)實(shí)際關(guān)系了。）由此可知，華盛頓（即美國(guó)政府）對(duì)伊朗核問(wèn)題的態(tài)度是拒絕直接對(duì)話，而作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)的這種政策是hardlyblameless“并非無(wú)可指責(zé)”，D選項(xiàng)“華盛頓應(yīng)該受到指責(zé)，因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有考慮與伊朗進(jìn)行直接對(duì)話的可能性”與原文表述一致。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)政府應(yīng)該與歐洲國(guó)家談判”與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)；干擾選項(xiàng)B“華盛頓應(yīng)該直接與德黑蘭接觸”，可定位到倒數(shù)第2段第3、4句EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan…ifWashingtonwouldthrowinabiggercarrot:DirectengagementwithTehran.（歐洲國(guó)家可以向華盛頓提出一個(gè)計(jì)劃……如果華盛頓能拋出更大的誘惑：直接與德黑蘭聯(lián)系），這是作者為解決伊朗核問(wèn)題向歐洲國(guó)家提出的建議里的內(nèi)容，并不是作者對(duì)華盛頓態(tài)度的看法，排除；C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)政府應(yīng)該放棄伊朗的核野心”與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)，且選項(xiàng)本身邏輯不能自洽，美國(guó)政府無(wú)法放棄伊朗的核野心，只有伊朗政府自己可以，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

30.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的觀點(diǎn)”，根據(jù)本文開頭第1句thereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon:anIranambitiousfornukes（還有另一個(gè)日益增長(zhǎng)的危險(xiǎn)正在逼近：伊朗的核武器野心），并通觀全文可知，thisissue“這個(gè)問(wèn)題”指的是“伊朗核問(wèn)題”，根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后兩段。倒數(shù)第二段EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan（歐洲國(guó)家可以向華盛頓提出一個(gè)計(jì)劃），接著講華盛頓應(yīng)該怎么做；最后一段首句Butforanyofthistohappen,Europemustbewillingtoplayanactive,assertiverole（但要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一切，歐洲必須愿意扮演積極、自信的角色），接著講歐洲具體該怎么做。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)和歐洲應(yīng)該聯(lián)合起來(lái)，D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)和歐洲應(yīng)共同努力來(lái)減少危險(xiǎn)”最符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“不同意美國(guó)的態(tài)度”、B選項(xiàng)“既不贊同美國(guó)人的態(tài)度，也不贊同歐洲人的努力”、C選項(xiàng)“不滿意歐洲的努力”都不是作者對(duì)“伊朗核問(wèn)題”的看法，而是對(duì)其他國(guó)家關(guān)于“伊朗核問(wèn)題”的態(tài)度或做法的評(píng)價(jià)。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

5.單選題

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（

）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】potentiality潛力，可能性；priority優(yōu)先權(quán)，優(yōu)先考慮的事；superiority優(yōu)越，優(yōu)勢(shì)；responsibility責(zé)任，職責(zé)，義務(wù)。句意：如果利潤(rùn)和金錢是你最優(yōu)先考慮的事，而對(duì)他人的承諾是你最不關(guān)心的，那么你的教育就是失敗的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Thesecondmajorcauseofthechangesinculturalpolicythatwearewitnessingatthepresenttimeistheradicaltransformationoftheeconomicenvironmentinwhichculturalgoodsareproduced,distributedandconsumed,broughtaboutbywhatislooselyreferredtoas"globalization".Thistermiswidelyusedinthecontemporarydiscoursetoidentifyaseriesofrelatedtrendsthatcanbeobservedineconomic,socialandgeopoliticalspheres.Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena;thedigitalrevolution,theexplosionincomputationalpoweravailableacrossawiderangeofapplications,thegrowthoftheinternetandtheinventionofnewdevicesforcommunicationanddatatransmissionhavetogetherprovidedthetechnologicalimpetusforglobalization,whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.

Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists,creativeworkers,commercialandnon-commercialfirmsproducinganddistributingculturalproducts,culturalagenciesandinstitutions,andconsumers,havebeenprofound.Tobeginwith,ontheproductionsidenewcommunicationstechnologistshavefosterednewformsofculturalexpressionandopenedupnewavenuesforculturalexchange.Atthecuttingedge,artistsworkinginnewmediaareexperimentingwithinnovativemethodsformakingartandcommunicatingittoconsumers;thesedevelopmentscanbelikenedtoR&Dactivitiesinindustry,giventhattheeventualpayoff(inbothartisticandcommercialterms)isuncertainbutcouldbesubstantial.ManuelCastellshasobservedthatthisnewtechnologicalenvironmentcanbedescribedasculturalinsofarasitsdynamicsaredependenton"thecultureofinnovation,onthecultureofrisk,onthecultureofexpectationsand.ultimately,onthecultureofhopeinthefuture."

Furthermore,newtechnologistshaveledtonewwaysforculturalproducerstocarryontheirbusinessoperations,throughimprovedinformationandmarketingservices,moreefficientmanagementsystems,andsoon.Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections,performinggroupsareadoptingelectronicticketing,andnewspapersarebeingmadeavailableon-line.Atthesametime,threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingphenomenacloselyrelatedto"globalization"isNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.Oneofthecausesunderlyingtheglobalizationtrendsisthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheeffectsofglobalizationonculturalindustry?

5.Thewordimpetusinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.NewTrendsBroughtaboutbyGlobalization

B.TheCulturalCausesofGlobalization

C.TheEmergenceofGlobalization

D.GlobalizationandCulturalIndustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofcapitalresources.

B.Theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities.

C.Thevanishingofculturaldiversity.

D.Thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theuniversalacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciples

B.thefreemovementoflaborresourcesacrosstheworld

C.theemergenceofmanytransnationalcompanies

D.thesupportofpolicy-makersacrosstheworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofglobalizationonartistsandcreativeworkershavebeenmoreprofoundthanonculturalagenciesandinstitutions.

B.Itthreatensthetraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution.

C.Museumsandgalleriescandisplayandselltheirdigitizedcollections.

D.Downloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.impede

B.fuel

C.impact

D.impeachment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨題?？v觀全文，文章主要提到了在全球化的環(huán)境給文化產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)了一些影響，全球化對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)在構(gòu)成一定的威脅和挑戰(zhàn)。所以文章內(nèi)容主要是圍繞全球化和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)展開的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.”，可知文中提到的全球化帶來(lái)現(xiàn)象包括thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources“打破資源流動(dòng)的障礙”，theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities“許多商品在全球市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)”，freetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld“文化符號(hào)和信息的自由傳播”，所以只有文化的多樣性沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena…whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.”，可知這些現(xiàn)象的背后既有技術(shù)原因，也有經(jīng)濟(jì)原因，而只有新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)原則作為國(guó)家和國(guó)際決策的基礎(chǔ)得到廣泛接受，才能使全球化成為可能。所以造成全球化趨勢(shì)的原因之一是新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)原則的普遍接受。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists…h(huán)avebeenprofound.”，可知對(duì)于全球化對(duì)各方面的影響沒(méi)有進(jìn)行對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)A不符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Forexample,