選擇性必修第二冊Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand閱讀·提速練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·江蘇泰州質(zhì)檢)CheckoutsomefunweekendactivitiesfromourfriendsatArizonaParenting.WalkintheWild：WalkorrunforwildlifeatthePhoenixZoo’sWalkintheWild2016.Putonyourfavoriteanimaldressandtakepartintheonemileor5K，enjoyingthesightsandsoundsoftheZoo.WalkintheWildincludesamorningfullofuniqueactivitiesyouwon’tfindatanyothervalleywalk，includingall-dayzooadmissionandalakesideafter-party.Registeronline.6－10a．m.PhoenixZoo,455NorthGalvinParkway，Phoenix.602－286－3800.FreeMuseumDay：ItishostedbySesameStreetandHBOattheChildren’sMuseumofPhoenix.Kidscanparticipateinactivities，enjoyaperformancebytheSesameStreetMuppetsandgettojointheEverydayHeroesClub.Anactofkindnessisallittakestobecomeamember.Performancesandactivitieswilltakeplaceat10：30－11：30a．m.and1：30－2：30p．m.9a．m.－4p．m.Children’sMuseumofPhoenix,215N．7thStreet，Phoenix.602－253－0501.SundayA’Fair：SundayA’FairfeaturesfreeoutdoorconcertsinScottsdaleCivicCenterParkbytopArizonamusicians，alongwithanarts-and-craftsmarket，funactivitiesforchildrenandfamilies，guidedtoursofthesculpturesintheparkandfreeadmissiontoScottsdaleMuseumofContemporaryArt(SMoCA)．Guestsareinvitedtobringblankets，lawnchairsorpicnicbaskets，andenjoyarelaxingafternoonofgreatentertainment.Deliciousfoods，snacks，beer，wineandsoftdrinksarealsoavailableforpurchase.12－4p．m.ScottsdaleCenterforthePerformingArts,7380E．2ndSt.，Scottsdale.480－994－ARTS(2787)．語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一本雜志提供的幾項有趣的周末活動。1．WhatcanchildrendoatWalkintheWild?A．Joininthe5-milewalk.B．Attendcoursesforfree.C．Wearanimal-shapedclothes.D．Enjoygoodcompanyofwildanimals.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Putonyourfavoriteanimaldressandtakepartintheonemileor5K，enjoyingthesightsandsoundsoftheZoo.”可知，在WalkintheWild活動中，孩子們可以穿上他們最喜歡的動物造型的衣服。故選C項。2．WhatqualificationisneededtojointheEverydayHeroesClub?A．Doagooddeed.B．Donatemoneytotheclub.C．Beactiveinschoolactivities.D．Bereadytohelpprotectwildlife.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FreeMuseumDay中的“Anactofkindnessisallittakestobecomeamember.”可知，一個小小的善舉就可以成為EverydayHeroesClub的會員。故選A項。3．Wherecanonegotobuysomeworksofart?A．ThePhoenixZoo.B．ScottsdaleCivicCenterPark.C．TheChildren’sMuseumofPhoenix.D．ScottsdaleMuseumofContemporaryArt.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“inScottsdaleCivicCenterParkbytopArizonamusicians，alongwithanarts-and-craftsmarket”可知，ScottsdaleCivicCenterPark有藝術(shù)品市場，在這里可以買到藝術(shù)品，故選B項。B(2021·湖南名校聯(lián)考)Itwasaveryhotdayinlatesummer.Iwasayoungdadworkinginalocalwoodmill.Itwasdangerous，back-breakingworkthatpaidverylittle.IntheyearIhadworkedthereonlyfourotherpeoplehadn’tquitandbeenreplacedwithnewfaces.Thoseofuswhostayeddidsoonlybecausetherewasnootherworktofindtosupportourfamilies.Onthisdaythefansweren’tworkingandallofuswerecoveredinsweatandsawdust.WhenIlookedaround，everyfaceIsawlookedangryandfrustrated.Suddenly，avoicecalledout，“Hey!There’sadeerinhere.”Alostlittledoehadwanderedthroughtheopenloadingbaydoorsandwasnowcowering(蜷縮)inbetweenthehugestacksofwood.Allofusstoppedworkingandwentlookingforherassheranaboutlookingforawayout.NowmostpeoplewhereIlivehuntdeerformeatinthefall，butalsotreatthemwithgreatkindnesstherestoftheyear.Manywillevenbuy50lbbagsofcorntohelpfeedthemduringtheharshwintermonths.Itwasnosurprisethenthatallofusweresoonquicklyworkingtogethertofreethislittledoe.Byblockingoffalltheotherrouteswewereabletoguideherpanicsearchbacktotheopenbaydoors.Wewatchedasshejumpedoutofthebuildingandbackintothewoods.Thenwewalkedbackintowork.Inoticedsomething，though.Oneveryfacetherewasajoyfulsmile.Itwasasifthisonesingleactofkindnesshadenergizedusagainandremindedusofwhatlifewasallabout.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和同事一起在木場幫助一只迷路的小鹿返回森林的故事。4．Whywerefewpeoplewillingtoworkinthewoodmill?A．Theywantedmorefreedom.B．Theydidn’tliketheboss.C．Thepayandconditionswerebad.D．Theywantedmorepleasure.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itwasdangerous，back-breakingworkthatpaidverylittle.”可知，工作環(huán)境惡劣，工資低是木場留不住人的關(guān)鍵。故選C項。5．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A．Theworkersoftensawadeerthere.B．Thedeerwasalighttothedullwork.C．Thedeerwastrappedinabigwell.D．Alltheworkerswantedtocatchthedeer.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，工人們工作得非常辛苦，但是當(dāng)聽到有小鹿迷路的時候，大家停下手中的工作，開始幫助它。由此可推知，對于工人們來說，這只鹿像是一束光，給他們無聊的工作帶來了樂趣。故選B項。6．Howdidthemenfreethedeerintheend?A．Byopeningoneroute.B．Bydroppingsomefood.C．Byusingfamiliarsignals.D．Byimitatinganotherdeer.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Byblockingoffalltheotherrouteswewereabletoguideherpanicsearchbacktotheopenbaydoors.”可知，通過堵住其他路線，只留下小鹿可以逃走的門，小鹿得以返回森林。故選A項。7．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheworkers?A．Bad-temperedbutpatient.B．Hard-workingandloving.C．Cautiousandcourageous.D．Bad-temperedanddemanding.答案B解析推理判斷題。閱讀全文可知，文章一開始提到這里工作艱苦工資又低，但是他們堅持留了下來。最后當(dāng)小鹿有麻煩時，他們能幫助小鹿返回森林。綜合分析，文章充分說明了工人們工作努力，且有愛心。故選B項。C(2021·山東、湖北聯(lián)考)“Whileanimalscan’tpickoutprecisenumbers，theycanunderstandthatmoreismore.Interestingly，weknownowthatnumerical(數(shù)字的)competenceispresentonalmosteverybranchoftheanimaltreeoflife，”saysAndreasNieder，aneurobiologistfromtheUniversityofTuebingen.“Differentgroupsofanimalsobviouslydevelopedthistrait(特點)independentlyfromothersandthatstronglyindicatesthatithastobeofadaptivevalue.”Honeybees，forinstance，canrememberthenumberoflandmarkstheypasswhensearchingforfoodinordertofindtheirwaybacktothehive.Thelastcommonancestorbetweenhoneybeesandprimateslivedabout600millionyearsago.Butstill，theyevolvednumericalcompetencethat，inmanyrespects，iscomparabletovertebrate(脊椎動物的)numericalcompetence.Also，forexample，malefrogssing“advertisement”callstoattractfemales.Thefemales，listeningforthecomplexityoftheircalls，choosethemalethatsingsthemostcalls.Wolvesaremorelikelytohuntsuccessfullyiftheyhavetherightnumberofwolvesintheirpackforthesizeoftheirprey(獵物)：Withpreylikedeer，onlyaroundsixtoeightwolvesareneeded，whilehuntingwildoxrequiresapackofninetothirteen.Theirpreyalsousesthisconcepttoprotectthemselvesfrompredators—deertendtoliveinlargeherdstoreducethechanceofanyindividualbecomingprey.Soobviouslytheyareassessingthenumberofindividualsintheirgroupsfortheireverydaylifesituations.Despitethesemanyexamplesofnumericalcompetenceinanimals，thissubjecthasnotgottenmanyfirst-handstudies.“Manyofthesebehavioralfindingsinthewildhaveusuallybeencollectedasby-productsoraccidentalfindingsofotherresearchquestions，”saysNieder.Hearguesthatmoreresearchneedstobedonetofullyunderstandthenumericalcompetence.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了最近的一項研究表明，動物不僅具有理解數(shù)字的能力，而且這一能力還對它們的日常生活有著巨大的影響。8．Thephenomenonofanimalshavingtheirownnumericalcompetenceshowsthat.A．a(chǎn)llgroupsofanimalsarerelatedinsomewaysB．numericalcompetencemusthaveasurvivalbenefitC．theintelligenceofanimalsvarieswithdifferentenvironmentsD．a(chǎn)nimals’numericalcompetenceisdeterminedbytheiradaptability答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Differentgroupsofanimalsobviouslydevelopedthistrait(特點)independentlyfromothersandthatstronglyindicatesthatithastobeofadaptivevalue.”以及第二段的例子可推知，動物具有數(shù)字能力是為了生存需要。故選B。9．Whatroledoesnumericalcompetenceplayinwolves’hunting?A．Ithelpsthemformhuntinggroups.B．Itgivesthemmoreoptionstohunt.C．Itmakesthemdiscovermoreprey.D．Itoffersthemnewskillstohunt.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wolvesaremorelikelytohuntsuccessfullyiftheyhavetherightnumberofwolvesintheirpackforthesizeoftheirprey(獵物)．..”可知，如果狼群中狼的數(shù)量與獵物的大小相符，狼更有可能成功捕食，由此可知，在狼的狩獵中數(shù)字能力能幫助它們形成狩獵群體。故選A。10．Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthistext?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Byaskingquestions.C．Bygivingexamples.D．Bymakingcomparisons.答案C解析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Honeybees，forinstance...”“Also，forexample，malefrogssing‘a(chǎn)dvertisement’callstoattractfemales.”和第三段中的“Wolvesaremore...deertendtoliveinlargeherds...”可知，作者是通過列舉honeybees，frogs，wolves，deer這些例子來闡明文章的。故選C。11．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Atravelbrochure.D．Aresearchpaper.答案D解析文章出處題。閱讀文章，并根據(jù)最后一段中的“Despitethesemanyexamplesofnumericalcompetenceinanimals，thissubjecthasnotgottenmanyfirst-handstudies.”可知，本文講述了最近的一項研究表明，動物不僅具有理解數(shù)字的能力，而且這一能力還對它們的日常生活有著巨大的影響，所以本文應(yīng)該選自一篇研究論文。故選D。D(2021·山東濟(jì)南質(zhì)檢)Europeanresearcherssaytheyhavecreatedaprocessthatcanproduceoxygenfrommoondust.Theprocesscouldprovideamajorsourceofoxygenforhumanstakingpartinmoonexplorationactivitiesinthefuture.ResearchersfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency，orESA，carriedouttheexperimentsatalaboratoryintheNetherlands.TheteamsaysESA’sexperimental“plant”wasabletosuccessfullyproduceoxygenfromsimulatedmoondust.Thedustispartofamaterialknownasregolith，atoplayerofdirtandrockpiecesthatsitonthesurfaceofthemoon.Samplesofregolithreturnedfromthemoonhaveconfirmedthatthematerialcontainsabout45percentoxygenbyweight.However，theoxygenischemicallylockedintheformofmineralsorglass，soitisnoteasilyavailableforuse.Havingrealsamplesofregolithfromthemoonmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstocreatethesimulatedmoondustmaterialusedduringtesting.Theoxygenextraction(提取)processiscarriedoutusingamethodcalledmoltensaltelectrolysis(熔鹽電解)．Thisincludesfirstplacingtheregolithinametalcontainer.Calciumchloridesaltisaddedtothemixture，whichisthenheatedto950degreesCelsius.Atthistemperature，theregolithremainssolid.Next，anelectricalcurrentispassedthroughthematerial.Theresearcherssayitisthisstepthatresultsinoxygenbeingextractedfromtheregolith.Thestudyreportedthatupto96percentofoxygeninthesimulatedmoondustwasextractedduringtheexperiments.ESA’slong-termgoalistodesignanoxygen-producing“pilotplant”tooperatefull-timeonthemoon.Thefirsttechnologydemonstrationofthesystemisexpectedtotakeplaceinthemiddle2020s.BethLomax，aleadresearcherontheproject，said，“Beingabletoacquireoxygenfromresourcesfoundonthemoonwouldobviouslybehugelyusefulforfuturelunarsettlers，bothforbreathingandthelocalproductionofrocketfuel.”Theresearchersreportedthat“asabonus”，theprocessalsoresultsintheproductionofusablemetallicmaterials.ESAandtheUSspaceagencyNASAarebothworkingonplanstoreturnhumanbeingstothemoon.NASAhassetagoalfor2024withtheaimtokeephumansonthemoonforlongperiods.語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報道。歐洲研究人員稱他們已經(jīng)成功地從月球塵埃中提取出氧氣。這項工程對于未來的月球定居者來說是非常有用的。12．Whyisoxygenfrommoondustdifficulttouse?A．Itistoughforhumanbeingstogetmoondust.B．Itischemicallyfixedintheformofmineralsorglass.C．Theconditionsofmoondustareterrible.D．Thereexitsonlyalittleofit.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“However，theoxygenischemicallylockedintheformofmineralsorglass，soitisnoteasilyavailableforuse.”可知，月球塵埃中的氧氣難以使用是因為它以化學(xué)方式固定在礦物質(zhì)或玻璃中。故選B項。13．Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．Whatmoltensaltelectrolysisis.B．Wherethevalueofthestudylies.C．Howoxygenisextractedfrommoondust.D．Whatisnecessaryintheoxygenextractionprocess.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，第三段主要講了如何從月球塵埃中提取氧氣。故選C項。14．WhatisBethLomax’sattitudetowardsthepossibilityofgettingoxygenfrommoondust?A．Positive. B．Skeptical.C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段BethLomax說的話可知，BethLomax對于能夠從月球塵埃中獲取氧氣的可能性持積極態(tài)度。故選A項。15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．RecentStudiesofMoonDustbyResearchersB．HowResearchersExtractedOxygenfromMoonDustC．PotentialSignificanceofOxygenExtractedfromMoonDustD．ResearchersReportExtractingOxygenfromMoonDustSuccessfully答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。從首段“Europeanresearcherssaytheyhavecreatedaprocessthatcanproduceoxygenfrommoondust.”可知，文章主要講述了歐洲研究人員稱他們已成功地從月球塵埃中提取出了氧氣。故選D項。Ⅱ.七選五(2021·浙江質(zhì)檢)Ifyourroommatesnoresinawaythatispreventingyoufromgettingyourmuch-neededzzz’severynight，you’llneedtoaddressthesituationassoonaspossible.Doingsowisely，however，islikelytoincreaseyourchancesoffindingaworkablesolutionthateveryoneishappywith.?FirstandForemost，MentionIttoYourRoommateIfyourroommatesnoresalot，you’llhavetobringitupifyou’reevergoingtomovetowardasolution.1Avoidangryaccusationslike“Yousnoresomuch！”or“Whyareyousnoringlikethatallthetime？”?RememberThatSnoringCanIndicateSomeOtherIssuesDon’tjustviewsnoringasabadhabit;itcanbeamedicalissueforsomepeople，too.Themultiplecausesofsnoringshouldhelpyoukeepinmindthatthisisn’tsomethingthatcanjustbefixed，likeadirtyroommateoronewhotakesyourstuffallofthetime.2?FindSomeTemporaryFixesAsyouandyourroommateworktofindlong-termsolutionstothesnoringproblem，lookintosomeshort-termfixesfirst.Canyougetearplugs?3Rearrangethebedsofyourroomsotheyaren’tsoclose?Perhapsyoucanaskyourroommatetoavoidalcoholbeforebed，orlookintogettingandusingawhitenoisemachine.?LookintoLong-termFixesYourroommatemightjustneedtochangesomesleepinghabits;similarly，theymightalsohavesomeseriousmedicalconcernsthataren’tgoingtobefixedquitesoeasily.4Knowthatit’sperfectlyokayforoneofthosefixestob