語法復習----句子成分及練習語法復習----1一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語和插入語。一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：2二）主語：主語(Subject)表示句子說的是什么人或什么事.

是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：二）主語：主語(Subject)31.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc47.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）7.Whenwearegoingtohavean5（三）謂語

謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.（三）謂語謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作6（三）謂語

2、復合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動詞加動詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。（三）謂語2、復合謂語：7（四）表語

表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：（四）表語表語(Predicative)81.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）1.OurteacherofEnglishisan96.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.10注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，11注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。

4）感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達"結(jié)果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，12（五）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）（五）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般134.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe14賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.賓語種類：15下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語16下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語17下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動作”。如：Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來)Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書已還給他了)

下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如me18（六）賓語補足語

賓語補足語（ObjectComplement），用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：（六）賓語補足語賓語補足語（ObjectCompleme191.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin20（七）定語

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）（七）定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attr215.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi22（八）狀語

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）（八）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)234.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）4.Heisintheroommakingam249種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀語）9種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeeting25Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）Shecameinwithadictionary26

（九）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（十）插入語（Parenthesis）對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.（九）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞27練習一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial練習一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.Attrib286.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmer2914.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative14.Doyouhaveanythingelse30劃分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.劃分句子成分319.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.9.Ihavealotofclothestow3217.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?17.Heusuallytakesanapafte3325.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.25.Thelandlordhadthemworki3433.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.33.Pleasepassanewly-publis35二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的

主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的

主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語36Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.Althoughthefarmislarge,my37三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（38四、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicelyD.sweet四、選擇填空：()1.____willleav39()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.dying()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()4.Hegotup____yeste40()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()7.Hefoundthestreetm41()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where()9.Thedog____mad.42Bye-bye!Bye-bye!43句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語表示動作行為的對象同主語BothofuslikeEnglish.表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.賓語補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么44語法復習----句子成分及練習語法復習----45一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語和插入語。一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：46二）主語：主語(Subject)表示句子說的是什么人或什么事.

是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：二）主語：主語(Subject)471.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc487.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）7.Whenwearegoingtohavean49（三）謂語

謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.（三）謂語謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作50（三）謂語

2、復合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動詞加動詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。（三）謂語2、復合謂語：51（四）表語

表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：（四）表語表語(Predicative)521.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）1.OurteacherofEnglishisan536.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.54注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，55注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。

4）感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達"結(jié)果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，56（五）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）（五）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般574.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe58賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.賓語種類：59下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語60下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語61下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動作”。如：Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來)Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書已還給他了)

下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如me62（六）賓語補足語

賓語補足語（ObjectComplement），用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：（六）賓語補足語賓語補足語（ObjectCompleme631.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin64（七）定語

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）（七）定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attr655.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi66（八）狀語

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）（八）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)674.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）4.Heisintheroommakingam689種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀語）9種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeeting69Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）Shecameinwithadictionary70

（九）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（十）插入語（Parenthesis）對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.（九）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞71練習一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial練習一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.Attrib726.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmer7314.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative14.Doyouhaveanythingelse74劃分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.劃分句子成分759.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.9.Ihavealotofclothestow7617.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?17.Heusuallytakesanapafte7725.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.25.Thelandlordhadthemworki7833.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.33.Pleasepassanewly-publis79二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的

主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的

主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語80Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterf