專題八名詞性從句-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句填空1.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)I’mnotsurewhoismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.2.(2018·北京卷)Withouthissupport,we

wouldn’tbewhere/whatwearenow.3.(2018·北京卷)Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.4.(2018·天津卷)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.5.(2018·江蘇卷)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.6.(2017·天津卷)Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納7.(2017·北京卷)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.8.(2017·北京卷)Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.that→where2.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.how→what3.Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.去掉where或where→that-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一

名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二

主語(yǔ)從句1.主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。it做形式主語(yǔ)后接that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that不可以省略。what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不能用it做形式主語(yǔ)代替。How

we

understand

thingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.我們理解事物的方式與我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。Exactly

when

the

potato

was

introduced

into

Europeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.馬鈴薯具體是在什么時(shí)候被引入歐洲的并不確定,但有可能是在1565年左右。-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納What

makes

the

book

so

extraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.使這本書(shū)非同尋常的是這位作家創(chuàng)造性的想象力。That

she

will

succeediscertain.→Itiscertainthat

she

will

succeed.她肯定會(huì)成功。-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.it做形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型(1)Itis+名詞(nowonder,an

honor,agoodthing,a

pity,nosurprise等)+that從句。It

is

no

surprise

thatwewillwinthematch.我們將會(huì)贏得比賽這一點(diǎn)也不驚奇。(2)Itis+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+that從句。It

is

certain

thathewillcome.他會(huì)來(lái),這一點(diǎn)很肯定。(3)Itis+過(guò)去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+that從句。It

is

said

that

Mr.Smithhasarrived.據(jù)說(shuō)史密斯先生已經(jīng)到了。-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三

賓語(yǔ)從句1.動(dòng)詞和介詞后面都可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句。大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句。介詞后只能跟wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Wemustfindoutwhen

Karl

is

coming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.我們必須弄明白卡爾會(huì)在什么時(shí)候到來(lái),這樣我們就可以為他訂房間了。Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingwhat

you’re

afraid

to

do.振作起來(lái)。勇氣就是去做你害怕做的事。It’sgoodtoknowthat

the

dogs

will

be

well

cared

forwhilewe’reaway.得知在我們離開(kāi)期間這些狗將會(huì)受到很好的照顧真是太好了。Idon’tthink(that)you

are

right.我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),需用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythat

we

take

plenty

of

boiled

water

every

day.我認(rèn)為我們有必要每天喝足夠的開(kāi)水。3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常在從句前面加it。Ihateit

when

they

talk

with

their

mouths

full

of

food.我不喜歡人們吃著東西說(shuō)話。4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容詞后也可接賓語(yǔ)從句。I’msurethat

they

can

make

it.我確定他們會(huì)成功。-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四

表語(yǔ)從句1.跟在be或者其他系動(dòng)詞后的從句為表語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略。Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhen

he

scored

the

winning

goal.對(duì)足球明星來(lái)說(shuō)最好的時(shí)刻就是他進(jìn)決勝球的時(shí)候。AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhat/whatever

happens

to

you

while

you

are

busy

making

other

plans.正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的,生活就是當(dāng)你忙于制訂其他的計(jì)劃時(shí),所發(fā)生在你身上的事情。ThemessageofSaving

Private

Ryanisthat

humans

want

peace,not

war.《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.主句主語(yǔ)為idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名詞時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should可以省略。Hissuggestionisthat

we(should)change

our

course.他建議我們改變航線。3.主語(yǔ)為名詞reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞用that,不用why或者because。Thereasonfortheaccidentisthat

the

driver

was

too

careless.事故的原因是司機(jī)太大意。-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.because,asif,as

though,as等也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecause

about

seventy-one

percent

of

its

surface

is

covered

by

water.從太空看,地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s71%的地方被水覆蓋著。-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五

同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明某一名詞的內(nèi)容或者性質(zhì)的從句。1.常見(jiàn)的能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。Itwassadnewsthat

a

music

professor

in

Beijing

committed

suicide

days

ago.幾天前,北京的一位音樂(lè)教授自殺了,這是個(gè)不幸的消息。Peopleallovertheworldhaveadreamthat

they

will

always

live

a

peaceful

life.全世界的人民都有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想,即永遠(yuǎn)過(guò)著和平的生活。-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略。—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoideawhy

he

did

it;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.——昨天邁克拒絕接受來(lái)自耶魯大學(xué)的錄取通知書(shū)是真的嗎?——是的,但是我不能理解他為什么這樣做;那可是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。3.有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后,而是被別的成分隔開(kāi)。Thestorygoesthat

William

Tell

did

kill

the

king.故事流傳說(shuō)威廉·泰爾確實(shí)殺了國(guó)王。-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.doubt后面的從句要根據(jù)具體情況選擇引導(dǎo)詞。doubt用于肯定句時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether/if引導(dǎo),同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo);用于否定句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句都用that引導(dǎo)。Youcancomplain,butIdoubtwhether

it

will

make

any

difference.你可以發(fā)牢騷,但我對(duì)這樣做是否有用表示懷疑。Thereisnodoubtthat

we

will

have

an

exam

next

week.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)下周我們要考試。-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)六

whether與if引導(dǎo)的從句whether與if當(dāng)“是否”講時(shí),在下列情況下只用whether,不用if:1.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并用在句首時(shí)。Whether

you

are

on

good

terms

with

your

classmateswillaffectyourmood.你與同學(xué)相處得是否融洽會(huì)影響你的情緒。2.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。Weshoulddiscussthequestionwhether

we

can

finish

it

on

timecarefully.我們要認(rèn)真討論一下我們是否能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。3.所引導(dǎo)的從句做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Italldependsonwhether

they

will

lend

us

the

money.這都要看他們是否會(huì)借給我們錢(qián)。-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.后面直接跟“ornot”時(shí)。Ididn’tknowwhether

or

not

he

had

arrived

in

Beijing.我不知道他是否已經(jīng)到達(dá)了北京。5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Idon’tknowwhether

to

go

to

the

party.我不知道是否去參加聚會(huì)。-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)七

that,what與which1.that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,也沒(méi)有任何含義;that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不做介詞的賓語(yǔ)(介詞but,except,besides,in除外)。That

he

failed

the

exammademesurprised.(主語(yǔ)從句,that不充當(dāng)從句成分)他考試沒(méi)及格令我很驚訝。Heisagoodstudentexceptthat

he

is

a

little

careless.除了有點(diǎn)粗心以外,他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),其意義為“……的人/物/數(shù)目等”,在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。what具有雙重作用,既能引導(dǎo)從句,又能在從句中做成分。做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)what可以分解成“定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”,即常說(shuō)的“先行詞+that”?！癊verytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisiswhat

my

mother

used

to

tell

me.(what指“……說(shuō)的話”)“每次吃糖,要喝點(diǎn)綠茶?！边@是我母親過(guò)去常告訴我的。Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snotwhat

ships

are

built

for.(做for的賓語(yǔ),意思為“什么樣的用途”)船停泊在港灣里會(huì)很安全,但人們把它造出來(lái)可不是為了這個(gè)目的。Youwillknowwhat

side

effect

the

medicine

brings

about.(做定語(yǔ),意思為“什么樣的”)-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納你將會(huì)知道這種藥會(huì)帶來(lái)什么副作用。Helivesinwhat

we

call“spring

city”.(表示“……的地方”)=Helivesinthe

place

that

we

call“spring

city”.他住在一個(gè)叫“春城”的地方。Youdon’tknowwhat

good

students

they

are.(表示“多么”,此為感嘆句用于賓語(yǔ)從句中)你不知道他們是多么好的學(xué)生。-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,其意義為“哪一個(gè)”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具體的人、事、物當(dāng)中進(jìn)行選擇;引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞,在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),且只能指物。Tellmewhich

book

you

like

better,theredoneortheblueone?Iwillbuythebookwhichyouchooseforyou.告訴我你更喜歡哪本書(shū),紅色的還是藍(lán)色的?我給你買(mǎi)你選中的那本。4.AistoBwhatCistoD.A對(duì)于B就像C對(duì)于D一樣。Air

is

to

us

what

water

is

to

fish.空氣對(duì)于我們就像水對(duì)于魚(yú)一樣。-23-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.單句填空1.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofwhatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.2.Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.3.Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.4.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.5.Generallyspeaking,beinghard-workingisjustwhatittakestobesuccessfulinyourcareer.6.Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.-24-ⅠⅡⅢ7.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.8.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknowwhether/ifshe’llacceptit.9.Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.10.Thenoticecamearoundtwoo’clockintheafternoonthatthemeetingwouldbeputoff.-25-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.It’suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.that→whether2.ThisisafactthatEnglishiswidelyusedasaninternationallanguage.This→It3.Whenwe’llfinishtranslatingthebookdependonthetime.depend→depends4.Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasbecausehewastoocareless.because→that5.Atthemeetingheraisedaquestioniftheprojectwouldbecancelled.if→whether-26-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.語(yǔ)篇填空Andrewwasgoingforasalesjo