教資英語-閱讀理解攻克閱讀理解所需要的技能:詞匯語法背景知識(shí)閱讀技巧刷題題型判斷.主旨題歸納原文內(nèi)容.細(xì)節(jié)題定義關(guān)鍵句，對(duì)照選項(xiàng).含義題推測(cè)詞義/語境含義.推斷題結(jié)合文章，推測(cè)答案L主旨題litMydtscussesi?nideaofthepassage**.主旨題答題策略（1）主旨題最后作答（2）著重理解首末段，首末句（3）如果段落中間出現(xiàn)意思轉(zhuǎn)折，則轉(zhuǎn)折后的是主旨（4）作者反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)是主旨其他解題技巧：逆向法：假設(shè)題目中的選項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題，其寫法是否與所給文章一致。統(tǒng)計(jì)法：有些文章多個(gè)段落的主題不完全相同，應(yīng)該選擇涉及最多的選項(xiàng)。.主旨題答題關(guān)鍵：找到原文中的主題句（正確項(xiàng)）主題句/總結(jié)句：反映段落中心思想。一般位于段首、段尾。E.g.Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirits.（干擾項(xiàng)）擴(kuò)展句：與主題句有邏輯關(guān)系，圍繞主題描寫細(xì)節(jié)，發(fā)展主題,解釋或論證主題。E.g.Spanish-speakingAmericansfallintofourlargegroups.First Travelingisakindofeducation.For,example...Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea"smoker'scough".Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Thispassagemainlytellsus.Smokingcancausecancer.Smokingisaterriblekiller.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking.Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything“mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.Don51judgeothersbyappearance.Amanwhoknows“everything"maybethemostinnocent.Professionalcriminalmaylookthemostinnocent.InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotors,andChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcostAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralia'sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiablesociety.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.GeneralMotorsisoneofthelargestcarproducers.FordoperatesnotonlyintheUSA,butalsoinAsia.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:"ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurry!”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis'justrightforyouItcosts$395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthen,theyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled.BuyingaTVSetASellingMethodBuyerbewareTVOnSale主旨題小結(jié)A、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。B、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬從文中某些（不完全的）事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。C、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。D、正確項(xiàng)是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。2,細(xì)節(jié)題true/nottrue/exceptexample/ca$e/illustrate$why/reason..true/nottrue/exceptexample/ca$e/illustrate$why/reason..1.是非題-出題形式WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?Whichofthefollowingistrueabout...?Accordingtothepassage/...,whichofthefollowingistrue?Allofthefollowingare(not)true/mentionedEXCEPT.Theauthormentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept.1.是非題-答題策略(1)讀題目，找關(guān)鍵詞(2)以關(guān)鍵詞為中心點(diǎn)，定位到原文前后兩到三句話。(3)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。小貼土：(1)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(2)同義詞、近義詞的表達(dá)復(fù)現(xiàn)。(3)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(4)同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(5)上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。Example1Withfewexceptions,suchasChicanowriterRudolfbAnaya,manyHispanicAmericanshavebeenwritinginvirtualobscurityforyears,nurturedonlybysmallpresseslikeHouston'sArtePublicoortheBilingualPressintheTempe,Ariz.OnlywiththerecentsuccessofSandraCisneros'sWomanHolleringCreekandOscarHijuelos'sprize-winningnovel,TheMamboKingsPlaySongsofLove,havemainstreampublishersbeginopeningdoorstootherLatinos.JulieGrau,Cisneros'seditoratTurtleBay,says,"Editorsmaynowbelookingmorecarefullyatabookthatbeforetheywouldhavedeemedtooexoticforthegeneralreadership.^^WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofLatinowritersaccordingtoParagraph2?Theirworksarefullofobscurities.Noneoftheirworkswonanovernightsuccess.Mostofthemremainedunknowntothepublicforyears.Theyhavegreatdifficultygettingtheirworkspublished.2.例證題出題形式：theauthorprovidesin1ine...(paragraph...)anexampleinorderto.theauthorgivesanexampleinparagraph...mainlytoshowthat.答題策略.標(biāo)志詞：forexample,case,illustrate/illustration,exemplify....例子向上讀80%,向下讀20%o.解題的關(guān)鍵：不在于是否看懂例子，而在于例子支持的觀點(diǎn)。.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)方法：列舉例子中的具體事例/列舉無關(guān)常識(shí)。Example2TheAmericanideaofthenationalgoodhasneverbeenbasedonnationalcooperationbutratheronthefreedomoftheindividual,maintainingthoseconditionsthatprovidethegreatestfreedomandprosperityfbrtheindividual.ItisfarmoredifficultforAmericanstoacceptsharedsacrificeforthecommongoodandwell-beingoftheentirecountry.Forexample,althoughthemajorityofAmericansbelievethatitisextremelyimportanttobalancethenationalbudgetandreducethedeficit,theydonotwanttoseecutsingovernmentprogramsthatbenefitthempersonally.Theauthorgaveanexampleintheparagraphinorderto.emphasizetheneedtoplaceastrongervalueonnationalcooperationexplainwhytheAmericanideahasbeenbasedonindividualfreedomillustratethattheAmericanswillnotgiveuptheirpersonalinterestforthecountry'ssakesupporttheideathatAmericansneedthespiritofnationalcooperation3.原因類出題形式：Theauthorarguesthat...because.Why...?標(biāo)志詞：because（of）,why,because,dueto,for,as,since,cause,reason,inthat,basedon,thanksto,resultfrom,contributeto,leadto,cause,resultin,accountfor,sothat,prompt...答題策略：（1）讀題干看結(jié)果一關(guān)鍵詞定位一前后一句話。（2）對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。Example3Individualswillhavemanymeasuresoftheirproficiency.Theywillhaveanincentivetodisclosethatinformationtogetthebetterjoborsocialopportunity.Youwillassumetheworstaboutthosewhokeepsecrets,andsoopennesswillreign.ManyofuswillhatetheideaofBigData.WhywillmanypeoplestarttohateBigDataaccordingtothelastparagraph?Becausepeoplewillhavenoprivacyandcan'ttellanyliesatall.Becausetheyfacilitateperformanceandproductivityassessment.Becausetheygivepeoplenochoicebuttocomplywithcomputers.Becausepeoplehavefounditreallyhardtofinishdoingeverything.叁含義題.出題形式：①詞義猜測(cè)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraphmean?Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword?Theunderlinedwordmostprobablymeans.Theunderlinedwordcouldbestbereplacedby.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedword"???"istheclosestinmeaningto“，，②指代內(nèi)容Theunderlinedword“it"inthepassagerefersto..答題策略一一詞義猜測(cè)①根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測(cè)詞義信號(hào)詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,一（破折號(hào)）等。詞根詞綴法：unrest/unknown/useless/careless題目演練：Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.Theyarevertebrates,thatisanimalshavebackbones.②根據(jù)情境和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷邏輯關(guān)系：并列、比較、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、指代、同位語/同位語從句。對(duì)比法：通過表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞猜測(cè)詞義。(yet,but,while,though,however,otherwise,ononehand,,?,ontheotherhand,insteadof..)題目演練ThoughTom'sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Inthepast,theworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.③因果法：從原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推出原因信號(hào)詞：because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so?,?that,such,,?that,thus等真題演練Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.Example1Self-drivingvehiclesthreatentosendtruckdriverstotheunemploymentoffice.Computerprogramscannowwritejournalisticaccountsofsportingeventsandstockpricemovements.Thereareevencomputersthatcangradeessayexamswithreasonableaccuracy,whichcouldrevolutionizemyownjob.Increasinglymachinesareprovidingnotonlythebrawnbutthebrains,too.Andthatraisesthequestionofwherehumansfitintothispicture一whowillprosperandwhowon'tinthisnewkindofmachineeconomy?Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“brawn”inParagraph1?A.Job.B.Meat.C.Physicalstrength.D.Mentalagility.2.答題策略一一指代內(nèi)容代詞指代：it,something,everybody,anywhere...名詞指代：theword,thephrase...Tips:①所有格代詞指代前面位置上最近的名詞。(his/her/their/it等)②指代詞與被指代詞在數(shù)和格上是一致的。Example2When,likeme,you'reover40andyoubelievethemusicindustryhasbeenindeclinesincein1993(theyearNirvanareleasedInUtero),it'seasytocriticizethemusictasteof“thekidsthesedays,“atermeventhe23-year-oldSwiftuses.Myfellowdinosaurswillunderstandiftheycompare1993'stopalbumstoNielsen's2014list.Butthesekidsdon'tjustliketolistentodifferentmusicthanwedo,theynolongerfindmuchworthhearing.Thewaythemusicindustryworksnowmayhavesomethingtodowiththat Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"inParagraph8referto?Kids'musictaste.1993'stopalbum.Nielsen's2014list.Themusicindustry肆推斷題.出題形式①態(tài)度推斷Whatisthetone/moodofthepassage?Theauthor'sattitudetowards...mightbesummarizedas/seemstobe.ioWhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowards...?②出處推斷Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof..答題策略一一態(tài)度推斷①態(tài)度類型：積極類：helpful,positive,supporting,confident,impressive,optimistic...中立類：neutral（中立的，中性的），impersonal（不帶個(gè)人色彩的）???消極類：critical（批評(píng)的），negative,pessimistic（悲觀的）???②根據(jù)詞語的褒貶性判斷作者的態(tài)度：wonderful,successful,positive,active,negative,unfortrunate,doubtful...③表“客觀的態(tài)度”通常為正確選項(xiàng)：objective,impartial,unbiased...④不要加入自己的主觀態(tài)度。Example1InNewYork,highschoolsmokinghitanewlowinthelatestsurveys——13.8%,farbelowthenationalaverage.Bycomparison,26%ofhighschoolstudentssmokeinKentucky.Otherlow-taxstateshavesimilarlydepressingteen-smokingrecords.HalRogers,RepresentativefromKentucky,likethosewhoareagainsthightobaccotaxes,arguesthattheburdenofthetaxfallsonlow-incomeAmericans"whochoosetosmoken.That'strue.Butthereismorereasoninkeepingfuturegenerationsoflow-incomeworkersfromgettinghookedinthefirstplace.AsfortodayTsadults,ifthenewtaxdrivesthemtoquit,theywillhavemoretospendontheirfamilies,cuttheirriskofcancerandheartdiseaseandfeelbetter.Rogers9attitudetowardsthelow-incomesmokersmightbethatof.doubtsympathyunconcerntolerance2.答題策略一一出處推斷常見出處wheretextbookNewsreportAbookletAnadAguidebookwebsiteExample2Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor'sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma.textbooknewspaperdoctor'snotebooknoteofmedicine即時(shí)回顧

閱讀理解主題類含義題詞義猾測(cè)指代內(nèi)容推斷題態(tài)度推斷出處推斷閱讀理解主題類含義題詞義猾測(cè)指代內(nèi)容推斷題態(tài)度推斷出處推斷二、思路總結(jié).看題干，定題型：根據(jù)不同題型確定做題方法。.根據(jù)題干定位關(guān)鍵句：回到文章，精讀前后兩句。.對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，選出答案：把選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)，并選擇正確答案理論精講-閱讀理解（筆記）【說在課前】今天晚上學(xué)習(xí)閱讀理解，要想做好閱讀理解，需要掌握一定的語法知識(shí)，比如一些從句，如果語法比較扎實(shí)，從句容易看懂；還要有一定的詞匯量，一篇閱讀有一些詞不認(rèn)識(shí)很常見，但是如果大部分的詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，可能會(huì)做不好。攻克閱讀理解所需要的技能：詞匯語法背景知識(shí)閱讀技巧刷題【解析】.詞匯：關(guān)鍵單詞，如果不知道是否可以聯(lián)系上下文猜出來，能猜出來也不影響做題。.語法：長(zhǎng)句子和一些從句能看明白即可。.背景：比如籃球迷遇到講科比的閱讀，做題的時(shí)候有背景知識(shí)的儲(chǔ)備，做起來很輕松，但是背景知識(shí)是可遇而不可求的。.閱讀技巧：詞匯量和語法都不錯(cuò)的情況下，想要做對(duì)更多的題目，可以通過掌握更多的技巧，比如預(yù)設(shè)老師怎么出題，出題的時(shí)候會(huì)設(shè)置哪些干擾選項(xiàng)等。.詞匯、語法、閱讀技巧都掌握了后要開始刷題，至少每天做一篇閱讀，這是一個(gè)手感問題，如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不做題，會(huì)比較沒有手感，考試的時(shí)候速度等方面也會(huì)受到影響?！咀⒁狻靠汲踔械耐瑢W(xué)可以刷一些六級(jí)的閱讀題目，考高中的同學(xué)可以刷一些專四的閱讀題目。題型判斷.主旨題歸納原文內(nèi)容.細(xì)節(jié)題定義關(guān)鍵句，對(duì)照選項(xiàng).含義題推測(cè)詞義/語境含義.推斷題結(jié)合文章，推測(cè)答案【解析】首先要明白閱讀的題型，題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、含義題、推斷題，其中主旨題和細(xì)節(jié)題考查的比較多。L主旨題【解析】主旨題：?jiǎn)栠@篇文章或者一個(gè)段落的主旨(mainidea)是什么。經(jīng)常遇到的題目，如Thepassagemainlydiscuss…或者Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?等。Thebesttitlelorthtsnewspapetarticle0,

【解析】主旨題：.主題類的題干：共同點(diǎn)是這類題目的題干詢問的全部都是主題、話題。Thepassagemainlydiscuss…Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?Whatisthesubject/topicdiscussinthetext?.目的類：詢問作者寫這篇文章或者這個(gè)段落的目的。(1)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?文章中作者的主要目的是什么。作者寫文章一定是圍繞著一個(gè)的主旨，寫主旨一定是有一定的目的，比如寫電視機(jī)的說明文，一定是圍繞著電視機(jī)如何操作，目的是教大家如何操作電視機(jī)。Thepassageismeantto…這篇文章想要干什么。圍繞著主旨開始。.標(biāo)題類：Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe...?文章最好的標(biāo)題是 Thebesttitleforthisnewspaperarticleis...?這篇新聞文章、報(bào)紙文章最好的標(biāo)題可能是什么。(3)如果要給一篇文章定標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題一定是圍繞著主題，比如電視機(jī)的說明文，主要講電視機(jī)的功能、如何使用等，定主題的時(shí)候，不會(huì)定“如何售賣電視機(jī)”，所以標(biāo)題一定是和主旨緊密相關(guān)的，如果閱讀題是主題類、目的類，文章的標(biāo)題一定是和文章主旨相關(guān)的主旨題。【注意】什么樣的句子才能稱得上文章的主旨：.要有一定的概括性、總結(jié)性，而且不能只概括文章中的一點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)信息。.具有全面性。1.主旨題答題策略

(1)主旨題最后作答(2)著重理解首末段，首末句(3)如果段落中間出現(xiàn)意思轉(zhuǎn)折，則轉(zhuǎn)折后的是主旨(4)作者反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)是主旨其他解題技巧：逆向法：假設(shè)題目中的選項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題，其寫法是否與所給文章一致。統(tǒng)計(jì)法：有些文章多個(gè)段落的主題不完全相同，應(yīng)該選擇涉及最多的選項(xiàng)?！窘馕觥?主旨題答題策略：外國人寫文章與中國人的思路不同，外國人思維清晰，中國人思維比較跳脫。(1)主旨句可能會(huì)在首段、首句出現(xiàn)。(2)開頭沒有提出主旨，而是講了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，結(jié)尾總結(jié)的時(shí)候點(diǎn)明了主題,所以可能出現(xiàn)在末句或者末端。所以主旨類題目著重看首末句或者首末段，也可能出現(xiàn)在中間，但是概率比較小。.做題技巧：最后做主旨題最合理，前面把細(xì)節(jié)性的題目做完后，整個(gè)文章就已經(jīng)看了一遍了，對(duì)于文章講了什么已經(jīng)心里有數(shù)了。再做主旨題正確率高、節(jié)省時(shí)間。(1)主旨題最后作答。(2)著重理解首末段，首末句。(3)如果段落中間出現(xiàn)意思轉(zhuǎn)折，則轉(zhuǎn)折后的是主旨。比如問這個(gè)文章的第二段的mainidea是什么，發(fā)現(xiàn)第二段中間有一個(gè)but,(比如雖然我愛你，但是我不能和你結(jié)婚，重點(diǎn)是不能結(jié)婚；雖然我很丑，但是我很溫柔，重點(diǎn)是我很溫柔)，所以but后是重點(diǎn)信息。(4)作者反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)是主旨。比如講的是社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類的議論文，對(duì)于家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子報(bào)學(xué)前早教班的文章。前面在講社會(huì)上對(duì)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象有很多不同的看法，有人說好，有人說不好，接下來的幾段都是在說不好的觀點(diǎn)，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的是缺點(diǎn)，總結(jié)的時(shí)候說社會(huì)上有很多人有不同觀點(diǎn)，但是這種現(xiàn)象也有不好的影響，總的來說，文章主旨都在說弊端、缺點(diǎn)，所以重要的才反復(fù)講。.其他技巧：

(1)逆向法：針對(duì)標(biāo)題類的題目，比如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與文章有關(guān)，可以反推,假設(shè)題目中的選項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題，看這個(gè)文章每個(gè)段落的東西是否都與標(biāo)題有關(guān)，如果只有『2段與標(biāo)題相關(guān)，其余段落都與標(biāo)題無關(guān)，那大概率不是正確選項(xiàng)；如果80%以上的段落都與標(biāo)題有關(guān)，大概率就是正確選項(xiàng)。(2)統(tǒng)計(jì)法：有些文章多個(gè)段落的主題不完全相同，應(yīng)該選擇涉及最多的選項(xiàng)。比如寫一篇關(guān)于家長(zhǎng)給孩子報(bào)早教班的議論文，有2段說早教班的好處，有4段說早教班的壞處，則重點(diǎn)是早教班的壞處。2.主旨題答題關(guān)鍵：找到原文中的主題句(正確項(xiàng))主題句/總結(jié)句：反映段落中心思想。一般位于段首、段尾。E.g.Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirits.(干擾項(xiàng))擴(kuò)展句：與主題句有邏輯關(guān)系，圍繞主題描寫細(xì)節(jié)，發(fā)展主題，解釋或論證主題。E.g.Spanish-speakingAmericansfallintofourlargegroups.First,....Travelingisakindofeducation.For,example...【解析】主旨題答題關(guān)鍵：.正確項(xiàng)：主題句/總結(jié)句，能反映段落中心思想。一般位于段首、段尾。如Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirits.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)于人類的精神就像陽光一樣。這是一個(gè)概括性的句子。.干擾項(xiàng)：通常找的是擴(kuò)展句作為干擾項(xiàng)，擴(kuò)展句也是文章中的句子或者觀點(diǎn)，在文章能找到原句子，但是這些擴(kuò)展句通常只是針對(duì)文章中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行展開的，不能涵蓋全部，而是片面的。Spanish-speakingAmericansfallintofourlargegroups.First 講西班牙語的美國人分為四大類。第一類是……，第二類是……，第三類是……。題目問這段中的主旨句，干擾選項(xiàng)會(huì)從第一類或者第二類、第三類抽取出一句話作為選項(xiàng)，只是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充說明，而不能涵蓋總內(nèi)容。Travelingisakindofeducation.For,example..旅行也是一種教育，比

如……，干擾選項(xiàng)很有可能從“比如”后面選幾句話進(jìn)行設(shè)置。例子只是對(duì)主旨的舉例說明。Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea"smoker'scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyfbrcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Thispassagemainlytellsus.Smokingcancausecancer.Smokingisaterriblekiller.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking.【解析】1.本題是主旨題。首句和末句先讀，首句：Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.吸煙有害健康。末句：smokingisharmful.與首句相同,都是在說smokingisharmful.A項(xiàng)，抽煙可以導(dǎo)致癌癥。B項(xiàng)，抽煙是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的殺手。D項(xiàng)，對(duì)于抽煙進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.吸煙也會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他健康問題。itiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.感冒。吸煙涉及到很多的疾病。Smokingcancausecancer.在文章中有原句，但是不能涵蓋整個(gè)段落，這就是擴(kuò)展句，針對(duì)主旨進(jìn)行舉例說明，A項(xiàng)排除。B項(xiàng)，吸煙是一個(gè)殺手。感冒、愛咳嗽通常不會(huì)成為殺手，也是一個(gè)擴(kuò)展局。D項(xiàng)也是擴(kuò)展句，揪住文章的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)做了主旨。[選C]Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything"mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.Don'tjudgeothersbyappearance.Amanwhoknows“everything“maybethemostinnocent.Professionalcriminalmaylookthemostinnocent.【解析】2.題目顯然是主旨題。首句：Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.通常沒有人比無辜的人看起來更加有罪。末句：So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.所以，僅僅從外表來判斷一個(gè)人是非常愚蠢的，這句話具有概括性，對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)A項(xiàng)在文章中有，nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.但是文章不是圍繞professionalcriminal講的，第一句就是反例。排除A項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)是擴(kuò)展句。C項(xiàng)，文章中也有這句話。Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.一個(gè)看起來“無所不知”的男人可能真的只是在試圖掩蓋自己的弱點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)，與A項(xiàng)說的是同一件事，文章中也有。[選B]InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotors,andChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcostAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralia'sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiablesociety.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.GeneralMotorsisoneofthelargestcarproducers.FordoperatesnotonlyintheUSA,butalsoinAsia.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.【解析】3?主旨題。首句描述了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，不是概括性的句子。意思是目前

來自德國和日本的汽車正在涌入美國市場(chǎng)，福特、通用和克萊斯勒雇傭的工人比以往任何時(shí)候都多。末句：只說了通用這個(gè)汽車公司。第一句話有三個(gè)汽車公司，說明最后一句話也不全面。所以首尾兩句話可能不是主旨句。第二句：ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcostAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.廉價(jià)外國汽車的大量涌入并沒有像一些專家預(yù)測(cè)的那樣讓美國汽車工人失去工作。用廉價(jià)的外國汽車代替了GermanyandJapan,把福特、通用和克萊斯勒概括成美國的汽車廠，這句話非常全面，所以這段的主旨句出現(xiàn)在中間。第三句話：FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralia'sbiggestemployer.單個(gè)的在舉例子，是詳細(xì)舉例說明。A項(xiàng)很有概括性，外國汽車沒有奪走美國汽車工人的工作。B項(xiàng)，GeneralMotors是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，只講了通用。C項(xiàng)只講了福特。D項(xiàng)很有概括性，廉價(jià)的外國汽車涌入，對(duì)于美國本土汽車危害很嚴(yán)重。有概括性，但是不符合文章意思，是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的理解。[選A]Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:"ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurry!^^However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis'justrightforyouItcosts$395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthen,theyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled.BuyingaTVSetASellingMethodBuyerbewareTVOnSale【解析】4.問題：這個(gè)選段可以被命名為……。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與文段有關(guān)。反推法，假如A項(xiàng)正確，“買電視機(jī)”為標(biāo)題，可能寫在哪買，買什么樣的，買的時(shí)候需要注意什么，但是文章中沒有寫在哪買，買什么樣的等。文段大意：如果

你打算買一臺(tái)電視機(jī)，下面的廣告一定會(huì)引起你的注意：”彩電。只有79美元。兩天的銷售?？靵碣I呀?！辟I的時(shí)候賣家會(huì)告訴你這款電視沒有了，有另外的電視更加適合你，要花395美元，這種銷售方式被稱為“誘餌和轉(zhuǎn)換”。買家被一個(gè)銷售廣告所誘騙，然后他們會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向另一個(gè)更昂貴的廣告。前面在描述一個(gè)場(chǎng)景、一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，中間說的是salesmethod的名稱，后面在解釋salesmethod.A項(xiàng)排除。B項(xiàng)一種銷售手段，反推，如果你是作者，會(huì)說銷售手段如何操作，叫什么名字，所以B項(xiàng)能夠概括整個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容。C項(xiàng)，作者在提醒買家，“買家要注意”，整個(gè)文章作者并沒有提醒，有人覺得整個(gè)文章都在提醒，那是讀者的感受，假如你現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)賣家，看這篇文章就不會(huì)有“提醒買家”的感受。文章中作者沒有一個(gè)字提醒買家，只是客觀的陳述一個(gè)銷售手段。D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)才能更客觀的代表作者的意思，簡(jiǎn)單告訴大家整個(gè)文段講的是一個(gè)銷售手段。[選B]【注意】如果上述只是這篇文章的第一段，后面寫市面上這種手段很常見，有很多顧客上當(dāng)受騙，出現(xiàn)很多投訴、糾紛等，因此買家買東西的時(shí)候要注意。如果后面是這樣寫的，那么應(yīng)該選擇C項(xiàng)。主旨題小結(jié)A、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。B、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬從文中某些（不完全的）事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。C、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。D、正確項(xiàng)是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全?！窘馕觥恐髦碱}小結(jié)：.干擾項(xiàng)：最常見的是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。.干擾項(xiàng)：從文中某些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。比如汽車銷售的題目中的D項(xiàng)。.干擾項(xiàng)：可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。讀者自己讀文章的時(shí)候，把自己

代入的一些感受。2.細(xì)節(jié)題【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題：考文章的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，與文章大意無關(guān)。true/nottrue/exceptexample/case/illustrates^.why/reasontrue/nottrue/exceptexample/case/illustrates^.why/reason【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題：.是非題：?jiǎn)栠x項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)是對(duì)的、哪一個(gè)是錯(cuò)的.例證題：文章給一個(gè)例子，問這個(gè)例子主要想….原因題：作者為什么這么說/做/認(rèn)為…….是非題-出題形式WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?Whichofthefollowingistrueabout...?Accordingtothepassage/...,whichofthefollowingistrue?Allofthefollowingare(not)true/mentionedEXCEPT.Theauthormentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept.【解析】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?下列哪一個(gè)陳述是不正確的,屬于是非題。Whichofthefollowingistrueabout...?是非題。Accordingtothepassage/...,whichofthefollowingistrue?是非題。Allofthefollowingare(not)true/mentionedEXCEPT...以下選項(xiàng)都是正確的、錯(cuò)誤的，除了……，也是是非題。Theauthormentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept…以下列出的作者都提到了，除了……沒有提到。【注意】通過關(guān)鍵詞(keywords)定位細(xì)節(jié)，拿到是非題，先讀選項(xiàng)，然后圈出關(guān)鍵詞，再讀文章，遇到關(guān)鍵詞在文中劃出來，做題的時(shí)候可以立刻定位，提升做題速度。是非題-答題策略(1)讀題目，找關(guān)鍵詞(2)以關(guān)鍵詞為中心點(diǎn)，定位到原文前后兩到三句話。(3)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。小貼土：(1)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(2)同義詞、近義詞的表達(dá)復(fù)現(xiàn)。(3)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(4)同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(5)上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?！窘馕觥?步驟：(1)讀題目，找關(guān)鍵詞。(2)以關(guān)鍵詞為中心點(diǎn)，定位到原文前后兩到三句話。(3)和選項(xiàng)對(duì)比，看選項(xiàng)說的是不是文章中說的意思，選項(xiàng)和文章是否有出入。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)(反復(fù)出現(xiàn))。如果選項(xiàng)中的單詞，文章中也有，也反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，大概率這個(gè)選項(xiàng)差不多正確。文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的單詞在選項(xiàng)中有，可以在文章中定位到相應(yīng)的句子。.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)的方法：

(1)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(2)同義詞、近義詞的表達(dá)復(fù)現(xiàn)。相對(duì)難定位，比如選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)單詞是關(guān)鍵詞，讀文章的時(shí)候并沒有找到原詞，但是有很多的同義詞，比如選項(xiàng)中是difficult,文章中是tough、noteasy等，也可以進(jìn)行定位。(3)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)是difficult,文章是noteasy□(4)同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。比如文章中出現(xiàn)的是direct,選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)director或者indirecto(5)上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。比如水果fruit,屬于上義詞，因?yàn)樗芏?，蘋果、香蕉、梨、車?yán)遄拥榷际窍铝x詞。比如選項(xiàng)提到apple,但是文章中說到了fruit,屬于上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。Example1Withfewexceptions,suchasChicanowriterRudolfoAnaya,manyHispanicAmericanshavebeenwritinginvirtualobscurityforyears,nurturedonlybysmallpresseslikeHouston'sArtePublicoortheBilingualPressintheTempe,Ariz.OnlywiththerecentsuccessofSandraCisneros'sWomanHolleringCreekandOscarHijuelos'sprize-winningnovel,TheMamboKingsPlaySongsofLove,havemainstreampublishersbeginopeningdoorstootherLatinos.JulieGrau,Cisneros'seditoratTurtleBay,says,"'Editorsmaynowbelookingmorecarefullyatabookthatbeforetheywouldhavedeemedtooexoticforthegeneralreadership.''WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofLatinowritersaccordingtoParagraph2?Theirworksarefullofobscurities.Noneoftheirworkswonanovernightsuccess.Mostofthemremainedunknowntothepublicforyears.Theyhavegreatdifficultygettingtheirworkspublished.【解析】1?原文大意：只有一些例外，這些人是例外，墨西哥裔的美國作家很多年都默默無聞。只有一些小的出版商會(huì)出版他們的作品。只有最近的Oscar這個(gè)作家成功了，這個(gè)作家的成功讓很多主流出版社向拉丁裔作家敞開了大門。A項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞是obscurities,原文說的是在obscurity中寫作很多年，A項(xiàng)說的是他們的作品充滿了obscurity,主語不同，因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)譯為他們中沒有一

個(gè)人是一夜成名的。文中的兩個(gè)作家是例外，因此不是沒有一個(gè)人，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)譯為他們中的大部分人對(duì)于公眾來說是寂寂無名的/沒有名氣。和原文意思相符，C項(xiàng)正確。D項(xiàng)譯為他們的作品出版難，即沒法出版。文章中沒有沒法出版的意思，文中表達(dá)的是都是小出版社出版。D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。如果D項(xiàng)將出版難換為出名難就正確了?！具xC】【注意】.文章當(dāng)中只講了一部分，選項(xiàng)寫了全部，這是過于絕對(duì)。.B項(xiàng)說了有困難，但沒說有困難干什么。.例證題出題形式:theauthorprovidesinline...(paragraph...)anexampleinorderto.theauthorgivesanexampleinparagraph...mainlytoshowthat.答題策略.標(biāo)志詞：forexample,case,illustrate/illustration,exemplify....例子向上讀80%,向下讀20%o.解題的關(guān)鍵：不在于是否看懂例子，而在于例子支持的觀點(diǎn)。.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)方法：列舉例子中的具體事例/列舉無關(guān)常識(shí)。【解析】.出題形式，考查例子的目的：theauthorprovidesinline...(paragraph...)anexampleinorderto.作者在哪一段或者那一句提供了例子是為了theauthorgivesanexampleinparagraph...mainlytoshowthat.例子主要展示…….答題策略：(1)找到關(guān)鍵詞，定位好例子，不用看例子本身。(2)問例子表達(dá)什么，往上讀80%,往下讀20%?(3)解題的關(guān)鍵：不在于是否看懂例子，而在于例子支持的觀點(diǎn)是什么。

（4）錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)方法：列舉例子中的具體事例，如抽煙有害健康，選項(xiàng)列舉了抽煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥、導(dǎo)致支氣管疾病、導(dǎo)致人抵抗力下降，所以抽煙有害健康。問作者給出這幾個(gè)例子的目的是什么，如果有選項(xiàng)說是為了讓同學(xué)們（提醒讀者）避免癌癥，這個(gè)不能選，因?yàn)槭羌?xì)節(jié)點(diǎn)，而不是總括的。要選擇總括性的。Example2TheAmericanideaofthenationalgoodhasneverbeenbasedonnationalcooperationbutratheronthefreedomoftheindividual,maintainingthoseconditionsthatprovidethegreatestfreedomandprosperityfortheindividual.ItisfarmoredifficultforAmericanstoacceptsharedsacrificeforthecommongoodandwell-beingoftheentirecountry.Forexample,althoughthemajorityofAmericansbelievethatitisextremelyimportanttobalancethenationalbudgetandreducethedeficit,theydonotwanttoseecutsingovernmentprogramsthatbenefitthempersonally.Theauthorgaveanexampleintheparagraphinorderto.emphasizetheneedtoplaceastrongervalueonnationalcooperationexplainwhytheAmericanideahasbeenbasedonindividualfreedomillustratethattheAmericanswillnotgiveuptheirpersonalinterestforthecountry'ssakesupporttheideathatAmericansneedthespiritofnationalcooperation【解析】2?原文大意：美國人所理解的國家利益并不是集體合作，而是保證個(gè)人的自由。他們會(huì)去維持住那些能為他們個(gè)人提供最大自由和繁榮的條件。這說明了美國人的觀念和思路。A項(xiàng)譯為這在提倡要加強(qiáng)美國合作的意識(shí)，原文并沒有表達(dá)這個(gè)意思，只是說有這個(gè)思維，A項(xiàng)是過度解讀。B項(xiàng)譯為這個(gè)例子是在解釋為什么美國人會(huì)把國家利益建立在個(gè)人自由上，這里并沒有說明成因，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)譯為美國人不會(huì)為了國家放棄個(gè)人的利益。文章表明美國人認(rèn)為個(gè)人利益高于國家利益，C項(xiàng)正確。D項(xiàng)譯為是在支持美國人需要國家合作的精神，作者沒有這樣說，和A項(xiàng)一樣，是主觀意識(shí)?！具xC】【注意】

這篇文章只是客觀陳述，并沒有表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)。3.原因類出題形式：Theauthorarguesthat...because.Why...?標(biāo)志詞：because(of),why,because,dueto,for,as,since,cause,reason,inthat,basedon,thanksto,resultfrom,contributeto,leadto,cause,resultin,accountfor,sothat,prompt...答題策略：(1)讀題干看結(jié)果一關(guān)鍵詞定位一前后一句話。(2)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)?！窘馕觥?出題形式：Theauthorarguesthat...because.作者會(huì)真么認(rèn)為是因?yàn)?。Why-?作者為什么這么認(rèn)為……。(3)標(biāo)志詞：只要是表示原因類詞匯，都可以作為標(biāo)志詞。.答題策略：(1)讀題干，看結(jié)果，再用because進(jìn)行定位。(2)定位后讀前后1句話，現(xiàn)象看不懂也沒關(guān)系，能看懂原因即可。(3)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。Example3Individualswillhavemanymeasuresoftheirproficiency.Theywillhaveanincentivetodisclosethatinformationtogetthebetterjoborsocialopportunity.Youwillassumetheworstaboutthosewhokeepsecrets,andsoopennesswillreign.ManyofuswillhatetheideaofBigData.WhywillmanypeoplestarttohateBigDataaccordingtothelastparagraph?Becausepeoplewillhavenoprivacyandcan'ttellanyliesatall.Becausetheyfacilitateperformanceandproductivityassessment.Becausetheygivepeoplenochoicebuttocomplywithcomputers.Becausepeoplehavefounditreallyhardtofinishdoingeverything.【解析】3.問why,是原因題。題干大意：為什么很多人開始討厭大數(shù)據(jù)。原因類題目不需要讀太遠(yuǎn)，定位到在原文中最后一句。往前讀一句，如果這個(gè)人有秘密，會(huì)以最壞的惡意揣測(cè)隱藏秘密的人，會(huì)認(rèn)為他們是壞人，人們就會(huì)被迫公開自己。A項(xiàng)和原文相關(guān)，A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)譯為因?yàn)樗麄兇龠M(jìn)了績(jī)效和生產(chǎn)力的評(píng)估，是無關(guān)選項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)譯為他們沒有給人們其他選擇，只能服從電腦。文段的意思是公開信息，而不是服從電腦，C項(xiàng)是過度解讀。D項(xiàng)譯為人們發(fā)現(xiàn)做任何事情都很難。是無關(guān)選項(xiàng)。[選A]【答案匯總】1-3：CCA叁含義題【解析】含義題：這類題比較好拿分，好好讀即可。含義題考頻較高，每篇閱讀幾乎出一道，相對(duì)好拿分。.出題形式：①詞義猜測(cè)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraphmean?Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword?Theunderlinedwordmostprobablymeans.Theunderlinedword"???"couldbestbereplacedby.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedwordistheclosestinmeaningto“，，②指代內(nèi)容Theunderlinedword"it"inthepassagerefersto.【解析】

出題形式：1.詞義猜測(cè)：Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraphmean?第一段戈U線詞是什么意思。Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword?下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)和畫橫線的詞義最相近。Theunderlinedwordmostprobablymeans?劃線單詞很有可能是什么意思。Theunderlinedwordcouldbestbereplacedby.劃線的單詞最好用什么來代替。Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedwordistheclosestinmeaningto"…”根據(jù)短文，劃線的單詞意思最接近哪個(gè)？.指代內(nèi)容：Theunderlinedword"it”inthepassagerefersto.文章中劃線的單詞“讓”指的是什么。會(huì)給出it/this/that讓來猜測(cè)。.答題策略一一詞義猜測(cè)①根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測(cè)詞義信號(hào)詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,一(破折號(hào))等。詞根詞綴法：unrest/unknown/useless/careless題目演練：Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.Theyarevertebrates,thatisanimalshavebackbone