英美概況試題范圍(附答案)英美概況試題范圍(附答案)英美概況試題范圍(附答案)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考英美概況試題范圍(附答案)日期：20xx年X月名詞解釋：1.TheGreatDepression2IndustrialRevolution3MeltingPot4.BlackDeath5.AmericanConstitutionOctober24，1929，theAmericanstockmarketcrashed.Billionsofdollarsofpaperprofitswerewipedoutwithinafewhours.Thisledtoalongeconomicdepression.2.TheIndustrialRevolutionreferstothemechanizationofindustryandtheconsequencesinsocialandeconomicorganizationinBritaininthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.Britainwasthefirstcountrytoindustrialize.TheIndustrialRevolutioninBritainfirstbeganinthetextileindustry.3.SincetheUnitedStatesisanationofmanyethnicgroups，itisalsoknownasa“meltingpot，”meaningimmigrantsfromdifferentnationsallovertheworldhavemixedtomakeuptheAmericannation.4.BlackDeathwasthemodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplague，anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleas.ItspreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandinthesummerof1348withoutwarning.Itkilledmanypeople.Asaresultoftheplague，muchlandwasleftuntendedandtherewasaterribleshortageoflabor.5.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisthebasicinstrumentofAmericangovernmentandthesupremelawoftheland.Itistheoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld.Itwasdrawnupin1787andwentintoeffectin1789.Itfoundedfederalismandintroducedchecksandbalancesintogovernmentforthefirsttimeinhistory.。1929年10月24日,美國股市崩盤。數(shù)十億美元的賬面利潤是在幾個小時內(nèi)消失。這導(dǎo)致了長期的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條。2。工業(yè)革命指的是機(jī)械化工業(yè)和社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的后果在18世紀(jì)末和19世紀(jì)初的英國。英國是第一個工業(yè)化的國家。工業(yè)革命在英國首先開始于紡織工業(yè)。3。因為美國是一個多民族的國家,它也被稱為“大熔爐”,意味著移民來自世界各地不同國家混合組成美國國家。4。黑死病是現(xiàn)代的名字給了致命的黑死病,病由鼠蚤傳播流行。在14世紀(jì)傳遍歐洲。它席卷英格蘭在1348年的夏天沒有警告。它造成許多人死亡。由于瘟疫,大片土地?zé)o人照管和勞動力極度匱乏。5。美國的憲法是美國政府的基本儀器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文憲法。1787年制定,并于1789年生效。它建立聯(lián)邦制和引進(jìn)制衡政府歷史上第一次。

theBlackDeath

ItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwithoutwarningandanycure,andsparingnovictims.Itkilledbetweenhalfandone-thirdofthepopulationofEngland.Thus,muchlandwasleftuntendedandlabourwasshort.Itcausedfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.這是致命的黑死病在14世紀(jì)傳遍歐洲。它席卷英格蘭沒有警告,任何治療,和毫不吝惜的受害者。它殺死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此,大片土地?zé)o人照管和勞動力短缺。它造成了深遠(yuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果。

BloodyMary

HenryVIII’sdaughterandadevoutCatholic.WhenshebecameQueen,shepersecutedandburntmanyProtestants.Soshewasgiventhenickname“BloodyMary”.MaryisalsorememberedasthemonarchwholosttheFrenchportofCalais.亨利八世的女兒和一位虔誠的天主教徒。當(dāng)她成為皇后,迫害和燒毀許多新教徒。所以她被“血腥瑪麗”的綽號?，旣愐灿浀镁魇シ▏觼砀邸?

theGreatLakes

TheGreatLakesarethemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStates.TheyareLakeSuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan——theonlyoneentirelyinthe.——LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan.五大湖在美國最重要的湖泊。蘇必略湖,是世界上最大的淡水湖,密歇根湖,唯一一個完全在美國,休倫湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。他們都位于加拿大和美國之間除了密西根湖。Whatismeantbytheterm“welfarestate”inBritain?

——Thewelfarestateisasystemofgovernmentbywhichthestateprovidestheeconomicandsocialsecurityofitscitizensthroughitsorganizationofhealthservices,pensionsandotherfacilities.Thesystemisfundedoutofnationalinsurancecontributionsandtaxation.InBritainthetermappliesmainlytoNationalHealthService(NHS),nationalinsuranceandsocialsecurity.“福利國家”——政府的福利國家是一個系統(tǒng)的國家提供經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會保障的公民通過其組織衛(wèi)生服務(wù)、養(yǎng)老金和其他設(shè)施。該系統(tǒng)是由全國保險稅和賦稅。術(shù)語主要適用于在英國國民健康服務(wù)(NHS),國民保險和社會保障。

WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsofAmericaneducation?——(1)FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation.

(2)Publiceducationsisfreeandcompulsory.

(3)DiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.

(4)Educationisafunctionofthestates,notthefederalgovernment.美國教育的特點(diǎn)是什么——(1)在美國正規(guī)的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2)公共教育是免費(fèi)和義務(wù)的。(3)多樣性被認(rèn)為是美國教育的一個突出特點(diǎn)。(4)教育是美國的函數(shù),而不是聯(lián)邦政府。

Whatroledoesthecommunitycollegeplay

Whatfunctionsdoesitperform

WhatisitimportantinAmericanhighereducation

Whatistheguidingprincipleofsuchacollege

——ThecommunitycollegeasaninstitutionisoneofthemostimportantinnovationsinthehistoryofAmericanhighereducationmoreaccessibleandinmeetingtheneedsofeducatedadults,employeesoflocalbusiness,professionalrequiringcertificationaswellascommunityorganizations.Itperformsfivemainfunctions.First,itpreparesstudentsfortransferringtoaBAprogramatafour-yearinstitution.Second,itprovidesvocationaltrainingforpeoplewhoarealreadyworkingorexpecttobeworkinginthefuture.Third,itgivesremedialinstructiontohigherschoolstudentswhoareunderpreparedforcollegeacademicallyandadultswhodidnotlearnbasicskillsinelementaryorsecondaryschool.Fourth,itoffersrecreational,culturalactivitiesforadultswhoarenotseekingregularvocationaloracademicskill.Fifth,itabsorbsstudentsinafour-yearprogramwhoarenotqualifiedintoalower-statusvocationalprogram.Theguidingprincipleofcommunitycollegeishighereducationforeveryoneandthephilosophythatequalitymustmeanequalopportunityforself-realizationandfortherecognitionofindividualdifferences.社區(qū)學(xué)院發(fā)揮什么作用它執(zhí)行什么功能美國高等教育是什么重要的消息嗎一個大學(xué)的指導(dǎo)原則是什么——社區(qū)學(xué)院作為一個機(jī)構(gòu)是歷史上最重要的創(chuàng)新之一,美國的高等教育更容易滿足患者的需求,受過教育的成年人,本地業(yè)務(wù)的員工,專業(yè)要求認(rèn)證以及社區(qū)組織。它執(zhí)行五個主要功能。首先,它準(zhǔn)備學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)移到英航計劃四年的機(jī)構(gòu)。其次,它為那些已經(jīng)工作或提供職業(yè)培訓(xùn)期望在未來工作。第三,它給補(bǔ)救教學(xué)高等學(xué)校學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備不充分的大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)和成年人沒有在小學(xué)或中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)基本技能。第四,它提供了休閑、文化活動對于成年人不尋求定期職業(yè)或?qū)W術(shù)技能。第五,它可以吸收學(xué)生四年計劃不合格看低職業(yè)計劃。社區(qū)學(xué)院的指導(dǎo)原則對每個人來說都是高等教育和哲學(xué)必須為自我實現(xiàn)意味著平等機(jī)會平等,承認(rèn)個體差異。I.MultipleChoices:Chooseonerightanswerfromthefourchoices:1.

ThehighestmountaininBritainis____.A.Scafell

B.BenNevis（本尼維斯）C.theCotswolds

D.theForth2.ThelongestriverinBritainis_____.A.theClyde

B.theMerseyC.theSevern（塞汶河）

D.theThames3.ThelargestlakeinBritainis_____.A.theLoughNeage

內(nèi)伊湖

B.WindermereWaterC.ConistonWater

D.theLakeDistrict4.WhichpartofBritainisalwaysfightingA.England

B.ScotlandC.Wales

D.NorthemIreland5.TheimmigrantscomingtoBritainaremainlyfrom_____.

A.Europe

B.theUnitedStates

C.Africa

D.theWestIndies,IndiesandPakistan

6.ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere_____.A.theNormans

B.theCeltsC.theIberians

伊比利來

D.theAnglo-Saxons7.BritishRecordedhistorybeganwith_____.

A.Romaninvasion

B.theNormanConquest

C.theVikingandDanishinvasion

D.theAnglo-Saxonsinvasion8.In829,_____actuallybecametheoverlordofalltheEnglish.

A.John

B.JamesI

C.Egbert

埃格伯特中世紀(jì)英格蘭西撒克遜國王，英格蘭首任國王(829～839)

D.HenryI9.ChristmasDay____,DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.

A.1056

B.1066

C.1006

D.106010.HenryIIwasthefirstkingofthe_____dynasty.

A.Windsor

B.Tudor

C.Malcolm

D.Plantagenet11.In1265____summonedtheGreatCouncil,whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.

A.HenryIII

B.thePope

C.Barons

D.SimondeMontfort12.TheHundredYears’warstatedin____andwaendedin____,inwhichtheEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchportof____.

A.1337,1453,Flanders

B.1337,1453,Calais

C.1346,1453,Argencourt

D.1346,1453,Brest13.TheWarsofRoseslastedfor_____yearsandking_____wasreplacedbyking_____.

A.30,RichardIII,HenryTudor

B.50,RichardIII,HenryTudor

C.30,RichardI,HenryTudor

D.50,RichardI,HenryTudor14.TheRenaissancebeganin____intheearly____century.

A.England,14

B.England,15

C.Italy,14

D.Italy15.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled_____.

A.theGloriousRevolution

B.theBloodyRevolution

C.theCatholicRevolution

D.thePuritanRevolution16.In_____,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfrom_____intheMayflowertobethefirstsettlersintheNew

A.1620,London

B.1620,Plymouth

C.1720,London

D.1720,Plymout17.Inthe18thcentury,thereappeared____inEngland,whichowedagreatdealtotheinventionofmachines.

A.theIndustrialRevolution

B.theBourgeoisRevolution

C.theWarsoftheRoses

D.theReligiousReformation18.Englishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationof_____in1583.

A.Canada

B.Australia

C.India

D.Newfoundland19._____wasfamousforhisabdicationbecauseofhismarriagewithadivorcedAmerican:

A.EdwardVIII

B.EdwardVII

C.GeorgeVI

D.GeorgeVII20.InJanuary_____BritainbecameamemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.

A.1957

B.1967

C.1973

D.197921.soonafter_____,Britainnotonlygaveupitseconmichegemonybutalsosufferedadeeplossofitspositionofindustrialleadership.

A.1900

B.theFirstWorldWar

C.theSecondWorldWar

D.196022.Inthe1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthelowest_____rateandthehighest_____rate.

A.inflation,growth

B.growth,inflation

C.growth,divorce

D.growth,birth23.ThefollowingareallreasonsofBritishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept_____.

A.theexhaustionofoldmines

B.costlyextraction

C.littlemoneybeinginvested

D.thelabourshortage24.Britain’sforeigntradeismainlywith_____.

A.developingcountries

B.otherCommonwealthcountries

C.otherdevelopedcountries

D.EC25.TheHouseofLordsispresidedoverby_____.

A.theLordChancellor

B.theQueen

C.theArchbishopofCanterbury

D.thePrimeMinister26.AGeneralElectionisheldevery_____yearsandthereare_____membersofParliamentsareelected.

A.five,600

B.five,650

C.five,651

D.four,65127.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby_____andheorshealwayssitsin_____.A.

theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommonsB.

theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLordsC.

theQueen,theHouseofCommonsD.

theQueen,theHouseofLords28.Theultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin_____.

A.theQueen

B.theCabinet

C.theHouseofLords

D.theHouseofCommons29.ThesourcesofBritishlawinclude_____.A.

statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandEuropeanCommunitylawB.

statutes,commonlawandequitylawC.

statutes,commonlawandEuropeanCommunitylawD.

acompletecodeandstatutes30.Incriminaltrialsbyjury,_____passessentencedand_____decidetheissueofguiltorinnocence.A.

thejudge,thejury

B.thejudge,thejudgeC.thejury,thejury

D.theLordChancellor,thejury31.____triesthemostseriousoffencessuchasmurderandrobbery.

A.Magistrates’courts

B.Youthcourts

C.districtcourts

D.TheCrownCourt32.London’sMetropolitanPoliceForceisunderthecontrolof_____.

A.theEnglandsecretaries

B.theScottishSecretaries

C.NorthernIrelandSecretaries

D.theHomeSecretary33.TheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin_____andbasedatfirston_____.

A.1948,ActsofParliament

B.1958,ActsofParliament

C.1948,theBillofRights

D.1958,theBillofRights34.Thenon-contributorysocialsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept_____.

A.warpension

B.childbenefit

C.familycredit

D.unemploymentbenefit35.Exceptthat_____maynotbeaRomanCatholic,publicofficesareopenwithoutdistinctiontomembersofallchurchsorofnone.

A.thelordChancellor

B.thePrimeMinister

C.theSpeaker

D.theministersofalldepartments36.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUKattend_____.

A.independentschools

B.juniorschools

C.independentschools

D.primaryschools37.Therearesome____universities,includingtheOpenUniversity.

A.900

B.290

C.90

D.5038.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can_____bylaw.A.

receivecompletelyfreeeducationB.

receiveparlyfreeeducationC.

receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerichD.

receivenofreeeducationatall39.Withregardtoitssize,theUSAisthe_____countryintheworld.

A.largest

B.secondlargest

C.thirdlargest

D.fourthlargest40.Inthefollowingrivers,_____hasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.

A.theMississippi

B.theMissouri

C.theHudson

D.theOhio41.Amongthefollowingrivers,_____formsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandthe.

A.thePotomac

B.theColumbia

C.theRioGrandeRiver

42.AllthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedinNewEngland,except_____.

A.Yale

B.Harvard

C.Oxford

D.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology43.Thenation’scapitalcityWashington.andNewYorkarelocatedin_____.

A.theAmericanWest

B.theGreatPlains

C.theMidwest

D.theMiddleAtlanticStates44.TheMidwestinAmerica’smostimportant_____area.

A.agricultural

B.industrial

C.manufacturing

D.miningindustry45.InthecaseofBrownversusBoardofEducation,theSupremeCourtruledthat_____.A.

separateeducationalfacilitieshadbeenillegalB.

educationalfacilitieshadbeenseparatebutequalC.

educationalfacilitieshadbeenequalD.

separateeducationalfacilitieswereinherentlyunequal46.TheChineseExclusionActwaspassedin_____.

A.1882

B.1883

C.1900

D.192447.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom____and____.A.Ireland/France

B.England/ChinaC.Scotland/England

D.England/Netherland48.UncleTom’sCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionofthemiserablelifeofthe_____.A.earlysettlers

B.PuritansC.nativeIndians

D.blackslaves49.AccordingtoAmericanhistoriansandspecialistsindemography,thereare_____greatpopulationmovementinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five50.ManyearlyChineseimmigrantsworkedintheminingindustry,especiallyinthe_____.

A.goldmines

B.silvermines

C.coalmines

D.coppermines51.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby_____.

A.JamesMadison

B.ThomesJefferson

C.AlexanderHamilton

D.GeorgeWashington52.OnJuly4,177A.

theFirstContinentalCongressB.

theSecondContinentalCongressC.

theThirdContinentalCongressD.

theConstitutionalConvention53.Thevictoryof_____wastheturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.

A.Saratoga

B.Gettysburg

C.Trenton

D.Yorktow