語態(tài)(voice)是個(gè)語法范疇，它是一種動詞形式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動詞用主動語態(tài)（ActiveVoice）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.

昨天我們打掃了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我們打掃了。語態(tài)(voice)是個(gè)語法范疇，它是一種動詞形式，表示動詞的1動詞的被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí)，原來的賓語變成了主語，原來的主語變成了介詞by的賓語。主動句與被動句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。動詞的被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí)：was/weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeendone過去完成時(shí)：hadbeendone一般將來時(shí)：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.

他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.

這本書是1969年寫成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.

那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.

他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.

這孩子必須被好好照顧。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredoneHeis3在被動句中有時(shí)用by-詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重要或難以說出時(shí)，通常不用by。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要?jiǎng)t必須使用by詞組。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亞寫的。在被動句中有時(shí)用by-詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)4(一)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）

Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by

的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by

短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in+地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語。(一)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）Myauntin5(二)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)

2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語(二)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題保留賓語6注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,fix,get,make,order,等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：7Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的孩子。

Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.2)把賓語從句里的主語變成被動句的主語，同時(shí)把賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語。1)用先行的it作形式主語，把賓語從句變成后置的主語從句；3.當(dāng)主動句的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動句Peoplebelievethatheisanh84.含有介詞動詞的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家從不聽他的話。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.4.含有介詞動詞的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhavenev95、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees．（變被動）Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents．（加上了to）

這種主動句中用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動時(shí)定要加上to。這種謂語動詞有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二聽三讓四看見”）。5、Myparentsmademewaterall106.還有一種短語動詞由動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，如下：1)Wetakegoodcareofthebooks.

Thebooksaretakengoodcareof.Goodcareistakenofthebook.

2)Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.

Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.

用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞常見的有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon等。6.還有一種短語動詞由動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動語態(tài)11（三）有些情況下動詞的主動形式也可以表示被動意義。

（三）有些情況下動詞的主動形式也可以表示被動意義。121.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時(shí)不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。

Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫字很流暢。對比：

Thebookssellwell.(主動句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被動句)1.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,bad13

2、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltCYourideasoundsreasonable.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.2、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look,feel,s14

3、動名詞主動形式表示被動意義

1）.在need,require,want(需要)等動詞后，表示某物(人)要進(jìn)行……處理時(shí)，后接動名詞一般式的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動式。例如：—You'vecomejustintimetohelpus.—Fine,whatrequiresdoing?(=Fine,whatrequirestobedone?)Thissentenceneeds________.A.animprovementB.improve

C.improvingD.improvedC3、動名詞主動形式表示被動意義1）.在need,r152.beworth后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。

Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.4、動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義

1.不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。例如：ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.beworth后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。162.作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語或間接賓語與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.

Ihavealotofworktodotoday.(間接賓語me是toeat的邏輯主語)(主語I是todo的邏輯主語)區(qū)別：IhavesomeclothestowashIhavesomeclothestobewashed2.作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，17

3.用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句子的主語或賓語有動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，一般用主動形式。例如：HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficulttofollow.

Doyouthinkhimeasytogetalongwith?(狀語tofollow與主語有動賓關(guān)系)(不定式與賓語有動賓關(guān)系)3.用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句185，一些動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto，cometrue，,datebackto，turnout，runout等。如：

Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.5，一些動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,b196，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.

誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.

誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.6，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,207，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：

ItaughtmyselfEnglish.

誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.

誤：Eachotherisloved.7，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：211.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin223.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl235.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon247.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished7.Didyouplantmanytrees259.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus2610.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu2712.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken12.Hecanmendthebikeintwo2814.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem14.Thestudentsinthisschool2916.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_____________tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)）______Tom______thewindow?behelpedDidbreak16.Someonemusthelpmemovea3018.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He_____________thetractoroutoftheroad.19.Doesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?didn’tdriveIsn’tcleaned18.Thetractorwasn’tdriveno3120.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_____________________________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone20.Whatcantheydotofinish32區(qū)別：Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconference．1.Hewassurprisedto

hisroom

thoroughly_______.(clean)find2.thetest_________(finish),webegantoanalyzetheresult.With3.Thetopics_______________(discuss)atyesterday’smeeting區(qū)別：Halfoftheguests__33鞏固練習(xí)I.用括號內(nèi)單詞或短語的正確形式填空。1.Thismountainousareainmyhometown__________(name)anationalwildlifereserveseveralyearsago.2.Themeatdidn'ttasteverygood.It_______________(cook)toolong.3.Hewillstopshowingoff,ifnonotice________(take)ofhim.4.Insomeofthemuseums,visitors___________(request)nottotakephotosthere.wasnamed

hadbeencookedistakenarerequested鞏固練習(xí)I.用括號內(nèi)單詞或短語的正確形式填空。wasna345.You'vefailedtodowhatyou______________(expect)toagainandI’mafraidyourmotherwillblameyou.6.Bythetimeyougraduatefromcollege,greatchanges___________________(takeplace)inyourhometown.7.Thedumplingsweresodeliciousthatthey________(sell)innotime.8.Allthedrivers___________(make)todrivemorecarefullyafterthenewHighwayCodetakeseffect.wereexpected

wereexpected

willhavetakenplaceweresold

willbemade5.You'vefailedtodowhatyo359.AllthepreparationsforthetriptoBeijing_________________(complete),andwe'rereadytostartoff.10.Aboyonabike________(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.

(2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷II第二部分)havebeencompletedcaught9.Allthepreparationsforth36Drills：A:1.ItsuddenlysnowedwhileMary____forthebus.A.waitedB.waitsC.waswaitingD.waswaited2.Abigpowerstation()______inmyhometownnow.A.hasbeenbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilding.3.Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.4.Mustoldpeople_____topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespokenCBDDDrills：A:CBDD375.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting6.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand____ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain7.Theoldmanandthechildren_____inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcareB.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof8.GrannyWangtoldthelittlechildrenthatthesun___Fromtheeast.A.hasrisenB.riseC.risesD.isrisenBADC5.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.389.Alltreesmust_____wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered10.__Ithinktheshop_____________.__No,it’sopen.It_____________atsix.closedAskedBwillbeaskedC.closed;closesD.closes;is11.ThisbikeismadeinAmerica.It’s____fortravelling.A.useB.usingC.touseD.usedDDD9.Alltreesmust_____wellwhen39III.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空。Johnhasalwaystravelledalot.Infact,whenhewasonlytwoyearsoldhefirst1.______(fly)totheUS.HismotherisItalianandhisfatherisAmerican.JohnwasborninFrance,buthisparents2._______(meet)inCologne,Germanyaftertheyhadbeenlivingthereforfiveyears.TheymetonedaywhileJohn'sfather3.____________(read)abookinthelibraryandhismother4.________(sit)downbesidehim.Anyway,John5._______(travel)alotbecausehisparentsalsotravelalot.flewhadmetwasreadingsattravelsIII.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空。flewhadmet40Asamatteroffact,John6.__________(visit)hisparentsinFranceatthemoment.HelivesinNewYorknow,but7.________________(stay)withhisparentsforthepastfewweeks.HereallyenjoyslivinginNewYork,buthealsolovescomingtovisithisparentsatleastonceayear.Thisyearhe8.________(fly)over50,000milesforhisjob.HehasbeenworkingforJackson&Co.foralmosttwoyearsnow.He'sprettysurethathe9.______________(work)forthemnextyearaswell.isvisitinghasbeenstaying

hasflown

willbeworking

Asamatteroffact,John6._41Hisjobrequiresalotoftravel.Infact,bytheendofthisyear,he10._______________(travel)over120,000miles!Hisnextjourney11.__________________(be)toAustralia.Hereallydoesn'tlikegoingtoAustraliabecauseitissofar.Thistimehe12.______________(fly)fromParisafterameetingwiththecompany'sFrenchpartner.He13.____________________(sit)forover18hoursbythetimehearrives!willhavetravelledwillbe/isgoingtobe

isgoingtoflywillhavebeensitting

Hisjobrequiresalotoftrav42John14.__________(talk)withhisparentsearlierthiseveningwhenhisgirlfriendfromNewYorktelephonedtolethimknowthatJackson&Co.15.___________(decide)tomerge(合并)withacompanyinAustralia.Thetwocompanies16.____________________(negotiate)forthepastmonth,soitreallywasn'tmuchofasurprise.Ofcourse,this17.________(mean)thatJohnwillhavetocatchthenextplanebacktoNewYork.He'llbemeetingwithhisbossatthistimetomorrow.wastalkinghaddecidedhadbeennegotiating

（談判）

means

John14.__________(talk)wit431.Thekey__forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use

2.Anewschool__overthereintwoyears.A.maybuiltB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt3.Hewasmade__yesterday.A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.tobecried4.ThePRC__onOctober1,1949.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfounded5.AtalkonChinesehistory__intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgiveBBBCC1.Thekey__forlockingthecl44Exercises:一.選擇填空:Windows_____ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCAExercises:CCA454.Watches____Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inSuzhouandHangzhou.A.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA4.Watches____Shanghailastl46語態(tài)(voice)是個(gè)語法范疇，它是一種動詞形式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動詞用主動語態(tài)（ActiveVoice）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.

昨天我們打掃了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我們打掃了。語態(tài)(voice)是個(gè)語法范疇，它是一種動詞形式，表示動詞的47動詞的被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí)，原來的賓語變成了主語，原來的主語變成了介詞by的賓語。主動句與被動句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。動詞的被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主48一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí)：was/weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeendone過去完成時(shí)：hadbeendone一般將來時(shí)：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.

他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.

這本書是1969年寫成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.

那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.

他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.

這孩子必須被好好照顧。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredoneHeis49在被動句中有時(shí)用by-詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重要或難以說出時(shí)，通常不用by。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要?jiǎng)t必須使用by詞組。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亞寫的。在被動句中有時(shí)用by-詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)50(一)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）

Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by

的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by

短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in+地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語。(一)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）Myauntin51(二)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)

2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語(二)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題保留賓語52注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,fix,get,make,order,等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：53Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的孩子。

Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.2)把賓語從句里的主語變成被動句的主語，同時(shí)把賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語。1)用先行的it作形式主語，把賓語從句變成后置的主語從句；3.當(dāng)主動句的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動句Peoplebelievethatheisanh544.含有介詞動詞的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家從不聽他的話。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.4.含有介詞動詞的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhavenev555、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees．（變被動）Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents．（加上了to）

這種主動句中用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動時(shí)定要加上to。這種謂語動詞有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二聽三讓四看見”）。5、Myparentsmademewaterall566.還有一種短語動詞由動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，如下：1)Wetakegoodcareofthebooks.

Thebooksaretakengoodcareof.Goodcareistakenofthebook.

2)Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.

Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.

用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞常見的有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon等。6.還有一種短語動詞由動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動語態(tài)57（三）有些情況下動詞的主動形式也可以表示被動意義。

（三）有些情況下動詞的主動形式也可以表示被動意義。581.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時(shí)不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。

Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫字很流暢。對比：

Thebookssellwell.(主動句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被動句)1.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,bad59

2、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltCYourideasoundsreasonable.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.2、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look,feel,s60

3、動名詞主動形式表示被動意義

1）.在need,require,want(需要)等動詞后，表示某物(人)要進(jìn)行……處理時(shí)，后接動名詞一般式的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動式。例如：—You'vecomejustintimetohelpus.—Fine,whatrequiresdoing?(=Fine,whatrequirestobedone?)Thissentenceneeds________.A.animprovementB.improve

C.improvingD.improvedC3、動名詞主動形式表示被動意義1）.在need,r612.beworth后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。

Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.4、動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義

1.不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。例如：ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.beworth后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。622.作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語或間接賓語與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.

Ihavealotofworktodotoday.(間接賓語me是toeat的邏輯主語)(主語I是todo的邏輯主語)區(qū)別：IhavesomeclothestowashIhavesomeclothestobewashed2.作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，63

3.用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句子的主語或賓語有動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，一般用主動形式。例如：HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficulttofollow.

Doyouthinkhimeasytogetalongwith?(狀語tofollow與主語有動賓關(guān)系)(不定式與賓語有動賓關(guān)系)3.用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句645，一些動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto，cometrue，,datebackto，turnout，runout等。如：

Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.5，一些動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,b656，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.

誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.

誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.6，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,667，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：

ItaughtmyselfEnglish.

誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.

誤：Eachotherisloved.7，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：671.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin683.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl695.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon707.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished7.Didyouplantmanytrees719.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus7210.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu7312.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken12.Hecanmendthebikeintwo7414.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem14.Thestudentsinthisschool7516.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_____________tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)）______Tom______thewindow?behelpedDidbreak16.Someonemusthelpmemovea7618.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He_____________thetractoroutoftheroad.19.Doesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?didn’tdriveIsn’tcleaned18.Thetractorwasn’tdriveno7720.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_____________________________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone20.Whatcantheydotofinish78區(qū)別：Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconference．1.Hewassurprisedto

hisroom

thoroughly_______.(clean)find2.thetest_________(finish),webegantoanalyzetheresult.With3.Thetopics_______________(discuss)atyesterday’smeeting區(qū)別：Halfoftheguests__79鞏固練習(xí)I.用括號內(nèi)單詞或短語的正確形式填空。1.Thismountainousareainmyhometown__________(name)anationalwildlifereserveseveralyearsago.2.Themeatdidn'ttasteverygood.It_______________(cook)toolong.3.Hewillstopshowingoff,ifnonotice________(take)ofhim.4.Insomeofthemuseums,visitors___________(request)nottotakephotosthere.wasnamed

hadbeencookedistakenarerequested鞏固練習(xí)I.用括號內(nèi)單詞或短語的正確形式填空。wasna805.You'vefailedtodowhatyou______________(expect)toagainandI’mafraidyourmotherwillblameyou.6.Bythetimeyougraduatefromcollege,greatchanges___________________(takeplace)inyourhometown.7.Thedumpling