考點(diǎn)46閱讀理解應(yīng)用文高考頻度：★★★★★應(yīng)用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請(qǐng)書、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介、商品說明與介紹、新聞報(bào)道等，形式多樣，題材各異，如圖示、表格等。英語《考試說明》對(duì)＂讀＂的能力要求之一是：要求考生讀懂一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中的簡(jiǎn)短文章并能識(shí)別不同文體的特征。研讀近年全國(guó)各地的高考試題可以看出，應(yīng)用文是高考閱讀理解命題的重要體裁之一?，F(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)要介紹應(yīng)用文的特點(diǎn)、類型和解題技巧。一、應(yīng)用文閱讀試題的文體特點(diǎn)應(yīng)用文不同于其他文體的文章，其目的是為了向讀者傳輸信息，措辭簡(jiǎn)潔明了，直截了當(dāng).一般說來，應(yīng)用文英語閱讀試題具有以下特點(diǎn)：1.選材特點(diǎn)信息量大，文句精煉，形式靈活，用最少的篇幅表達(dá)最大量的信息。2.內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)生活化，實(shí)用化，多樣化，如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務(wù)介紹、通知、海報(bào)、啟示、招生招聘等。3.形式特點(diǎn)標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類項(xiàng)目符號(hào)使文章的結(jié)構(gòu)更鮮明。4.語言特點(diǎn)人名、地名、專有名詞多；生詞多；縮略詞、祈使句、省略句多；結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。5.命題特點(diǎn)主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，既注重特定細(xì)節(jié)的篩選、類比、綜合，又注重推理判斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對(duì)較容易。二、應(yīng)用文的主要類型應(yīng)用文的類型主要有：同主題廣告，混合型廣告，規(guī)則、通知、咨詢問答、注意事項(xiàng)等，指南，書評(píng)、問卷調(diào)查、告示、參觀須知、申請(qǐng)書、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介等。三、應(yīng)用文解題技巧點(diǎn)撥高考應(yīng)用文閱讀理解設(shè)題以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，因此，閱讀這類文章時(shí)，應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，主要注意細(xì)節(jié)信息。細(xì)節(jié)題的題干都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義改寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到題干在原文中的出處，再把原文和選項(xiàng)相比較。做題時(shí)，根據(jù)所提問題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。同時(shí)，在閱讀時(shí)也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括。具體答題策略如下：1.先題后文先讀試題，了解試題考點(diǎn)；明確目的，快速捕捉，獲取信息。2.題干定向根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，按照題目順序依次而下：?jiǎn)栴}與材料相同→對(duì)號(hào)入座；問題與原文相同→同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等。3.生詞模糊遇到生詞；如與答題無關(guān)，直接跳過；涉及答題，則根據(jù)語境、構(gòu)詞法等猜詞。4.信息補(bǔ)全對(duì)于影響理解的省略句，可根據(jù)語境，將其補(bǔ)全?？傊?，應(yīng)用文類型的閱讀文章一般說來比較易理解，文章類型以廣告形式居多，設(shè)問根據(jù)文章的段落秩序，多以細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解為主，答案的尋找可以根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵字順藤摸瓜，輔以適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?。了解了?yīng)用文的措辭和內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)，我們?cè)趯?shí)踐中總結(jié)出解答應(yīng)用文試題的關(guān)鍵是：抓信息。提示：應(yīng)用文閱讀題做完后，不可輕易改答案，要相信第一感覺。因?yàn)榈谝淮谓忸}時(shí)思路最清晰，假如沒十分把握，以不改為好，防止弄巧成拙。全國(guó)高考英語考試說明明確指出，要求考生讀懂一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中的簡(jiǎn)短文章，這說明了應(yīng)用文文體在高考英語中的重要性。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)在歷年高考試題中有明顯的印證，不管是全國(guó)高考卷，還是省區(qū)高考卷中基本每年都涉及應(yīng)用文文體的考查，這充分體現(xiàn)了＂為用而學(xué)，學(xué)以致用＂的新課程理念。因此，考生很有必要認(rèn)真研讀閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文的特征和命題特點(diǎn)，并掌握一定的解題方法。本文擬結(jié)合近年高考英語全國(guó)卷閱讀理解中所涉及的應(yīng)用文文體，幫助考生提高閱讀理解的解題能力。應(yīng)用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文體，通常以實(shí)用性為目的、以真實(shí)性為基礎(chǔ)、以時(shí)效性為根本、以規(guī)范性為準(zhǔn)則。該文體一般可分為兩大類：一類是說明性應(yīng)用文，包括廣告、啟事、海報(bào)、守則、公告、指南、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷、備忘錄、摘要等；另一類是敘述性應(yīng)用文，如書信、日記、便條、報(bào)告、請(qǐng)?zhí)?。目的都是向讀者傳輸信息。高考試題主要涉及宣傳廣告、公告類應(yīng)用文，偶爾也會(huì)有書信類文章出現(xiàn)。從近三年高考全國(guó)卷閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文的話題分布情況可知，前一類是應(yīng)用文命題的首選題材，其中包括廣告、海報(bào)和指南等。在高考英語閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文體的考查主要有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1.就文體特點(diǎn)而言，應(yīng)用文主要是為了向讀者傳遞信息，措辭簡(jiǎn)潔明了，一般來說，和所述問題無關(guān)的文字不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。例如很多文章沒有標(biāo)題，甚至通篇沒有一個(gè)完整的句子，而是用詞、數(shù)字、縮寫、短語等來替代。2.就選材特點(diǎn)來說，信息量大，文句精練，形式靈活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中書信，招聘和商品銷售等廣告，交通運(yùn)輸時(shí)刻表，日記等的比例較大。其內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為：生活化，實(shí)用化，多樣化。3.就形式特點(diǎn)而言，標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類項(xiàng)目符號(hào)使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更鮮明。4.就語言特點(diǎn)來說，文章充斥大量冗長(zhǎng)而生僻的專有名詞，如人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名、組織名、書籍名、作品名等等，而且沒有漢語注釋?？s略詞、祈使句、省略句多。5.在行文方式方面，應(yīng)用文的每種文體都有固定的格式。敘述性應(yīng)用文采用一般記敘文的寫作方法，無特別之處；說明性應(yīng)用文的行文呈排列式，即以小標(biāo)題為單位逐一下行排列。6.就命題特點(diǎn)來說，高考英語應(yīng)用文的設(shè)問一般是按照文章段落的順序依次設(shè)置，主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，既考查對(duì)特定細(xì)節(jié)的選取、排除、類比、綜合，又注重推理判斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對(duì)容易。具體講來主要有四大類：(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，即要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。這一題型常見的命題方式有事實(shí)認(rèn)定題、圖形辨認(rèn)題、數(shù)字運(yùn)算題等。(2)推理判斷題。這類題主要考查考生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過分析語篇的邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。(3)主旨大意題。該類題主要考查考生對(duì)所讀材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、中心思想等。(4)詞義猜測(cè)題，即要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。廣告類閱讀題的五大特點(diǎn)1.材料特點(diǎn)：大家知道，刊登廣告是要錢的，為了節(jié)省費(fèi)用，人們?cè)跀M寫廣告時(shí)往往都希望用最少的篇幅表現(xiàn)最大量的信息，這就決定了廣告類材料通常具有以下特點(diǎn)：信息量大，用詞簡(jiǎn)練，形式靈活。2.內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)：綜觀近幾年的高考英語閱讀理解題，其中廣告類閱讀題內(nèi)容主要涉及的是與人們生活息息相關(guān)的信息，如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務(wù)介紹、招生招聘等。3.形式特點(diǎn)：做廣告的主要目的就是要讓受眾了解并記住廣告的內(nèi)容，并為廣告上所刊登的內(nèi)容(產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)等)買單。為了達(dá)到這一目的，人們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)廣告時(shí)往往會(huì)做到：標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清楚。4.用詞特點(diǎn)：廣告類閱讀材料的用詞有＂三多＂特點(diǎn)：一是人名、地名、專有名詞多；二是生詞多；三是縮略詞、省略句多。5.命題特點(diǎn)：廣告類閱讀是近幾年高考英語閱讀理解最?？嫉念}材，在閱讀理解的選材中占有很大的比重。命題者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，所以命題的題型多是以獲取信息為主的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。命題趨勢(shì)1.考點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)：今后對(duì)語篇領(lǐng)悟能力的檢測(cè)仍是高考的重點(diǎn)和基本點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還需關(guān)注對(duì)主旨大意題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的考查。2.理解層次趨勢(shì)：表層意義理解題減少，深層含義理解題增多?？疾殡y度有所增加，由簡(jiǎn)單尋找信息向多層次細(xì)節(jié)推理的趨勢(shì)比較明顯。3.信息量和詞匯量：閱讀理解材料信息濃縮，詞匯總量減少，但對(duì)詞匯量的考查在加大，非考綱詞匯有所增加(主要為詞根加上前、后綴或有詞義轉(zhuǎn)化的詞)。旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握詞匯的合成、派生和轉(zhuǎn)化，讓考生能通過上下文或構(gòu)詞法來理解詞匯的含義?！犊荚囌f明》中＂根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義＂這一新要求預(yù)示對(duì)能力要求有所提高。4.句子的難度：長(zhǎng)句增多，句子難度加大。復(fù)合句、省略句、倒裝句和插入語等語言現(xiàn)象普遍。5.體裁和題材：繼續(xù)體現(xiàn)體裁和題材多樣化，并彰顯英語國(guó)家語言與文化特點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)化文化意識(shí)的滲透。題材涉獵廣泛，體現(xiàn)＂語言是文化的載體＂這一理念。題組一（2019年高考真題）Passage1(2019·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I，A)NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社區(qū)).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機(jī)會(huì))ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.Passage2(2019·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelmeparentsandthebossyheadmisres，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfumyandfrightening，butthey'realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters-Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister.Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse”nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdidbutthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyableTheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoselet.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.21.Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDahl22.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda.C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?)A.Afolktale. B.Abiography.C.Alovestory. D.Ahorrorstory.Passage3(2019·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷III，A)OPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo！ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph，inwhichanorigami(折紙術(shù))artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresbyterianChurch，165W.86thSt.212-868-4444.)TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan，aboutQueenElizabethIIoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld，236W.45thSt.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-ManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton，inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.17.(Public，425LafayetteSt.212-967-7555.)OntheTwentiethCenturyKristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicalcomedybyBettyComdenandAdolphGreen，aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotriestowinamoviestar'sloveduringacross-countrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects，forRoundaboutTheatreCompany.PreviewsbeginFeb.12.(AmericanAirlinesTheatre，227W.42ndSt.212-719-1300.)21.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?.A.Atypeofart. B.Ateenager'sstudio.C.Agreatteacher. D.Agroupofanimals.22.WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A.HelenMirren. B.PeterMorgan.C.DylanBaker. D.StephenDaldry.23.WhichplaywillyougotoifyouareinterestedinAmericanhistory?A.AnimalsOutofPaper. B.TheAudience.C.Hamilton. D.OntheTwentiethCentury.Passage4(2019·北京卷，A)Wanttoexplorenewcultures，meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou'reat，whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA，you'llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社區(qū)).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers，mountainleaders，andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose，youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity'saccesstosafedrinkingwater，orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally，you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho'llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.-1Aug.20Jun.-7Aug.Egypt24Jul-20Aug.19Jun.-6Aug.Kenya20Jul.-16Aug.18Jun.-5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.-29Aug.15Jun.-2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:humanresources@31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A.Toseeklocalpartners B.TotakeinyoungvolunteersC.Tocarryoutprogrammes D.Tofosterculturalawareness32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein__________.A.Egypt B.Algeria C.Kenya D.SouthAfria33.ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto__________.A.explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefit D.helpcommunitiesinneed題組二（2018年高考真題）Passage1(2018·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I，A)Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability–andthecherryblossoms–disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路線)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safetylights.Passage2(2018·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II，A)SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/careers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/careerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchild’schoices.ActivityDescriptionMemberofstaffCostOutdoorAdventure(OUT)Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernewpersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.YouwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemens￡140WWIBattlefieldsandParis(WBP)OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.OnDay3wecrossintoBelgium.ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.Ourfinalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParisandtourthemainsights.Mrs.Milson￡425CraftyFoxes(CRF)Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionsanddecorations...Learnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualtextiles.Mrs.Goode￡30PottyaboutPotter(POT)VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordtoseethefilmlocations,picniclunchoutsideOxford’sChristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.MissDrake￡15021.Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping?A.OUT. B.WBP. C.CRF. D.POT.22.What

will

the

students

do

on

Tuesday

with

Mrs.

Wilson?A.Travel

to

London.B.See

a

parade

and

fireworks.C.Tour

central

Paris.D.Visit

the

WWI

battlefields.23.How

long

does

Potty

about

Potter

last?A.Two

days. B.Four

days.C.Five

days. D.One

week.Passage3(2018·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷III，A)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar:FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36,M6.Approximatetraveltimes:Windermere-20minutes,Kendal-25minutes,Lancaster-45minutes,Manchester-1hour30minutes.ByRail:TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSunday-Friday(closedonSaturday)11:00am-4:00pm,30thMarch-2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&Gardens GardensAdults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50SpecialEventsProducers’Market13thAprilJoinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTheeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggifswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.21.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?A.20minutes. B.25minutes. C.45minutes. D.90minutes.22.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisittoHall&Gardens?A.￡l2.00. B.￡9.00. C.￡8.00. D.￡5.50.23.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?A.Producers’Market. B.HolkerGardenFestival.C.NationalGardenDay. D.WinterMarket.Passage4(2018·天津卷，A)FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(噴水滅火裝置)systems,firealarms,andfireextinguishers(滅火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手動(dòng)的)firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡亂擺弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing:·TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.·Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotusealift.·Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorsAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:●Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(閃動(dòng)),contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.●Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.●Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.36.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.37.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstations.38.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould___________.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexitC.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall39.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.40.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould_________.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking題組二（2017年高考真題）Passage1(2017·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I，A)PacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.◆Hungry?Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind,butwhataboutyourbody?Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourPacificScienceCentercloses.◆RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.◆SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962,PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(熱情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.Today,PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.21.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDome.D.AttheDennyWayentrance.22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A.Trainscienceteachers.B.Distributesciencebooks.C.Inspirescientificresearch.D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.Passage2(2017·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II，A)Inthecomingmonths,wearebringingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare’splaysintheirownlanguage,inourglobe,withinthearchitectureShakespearewrotefor.pleasecomeandjoinus.NationalTheatreOfChinaBeijing|ChineseThisgreatoccasion(盛會(huì))willbethenationalTheatreofChina’sfirstvisittotheUK.Thecompany’sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturyChinesetheatre.ThisproductionofShakespeare’sRichard=3\*ROMANIIIwillbedirectedbytheNational’sAssociateDirector,WangXiaoying.Date&Time:Saturday28April,2.30pm&Sunday29April,1.30pm&6.30pmMarjanishviliTheatreTbilisi|GeorgianOneofthemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia,theMarjanishvili,foundedin1928,appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsallovertheworld.ThisnewproductionofAsYouLikeItishelmed（指導(dǎo)）bythecompany’sArtisticDirectorLevanTsuladze.Date&Time:Friday18May,2.30pm&Saturday19May,7.30pmDeafinitelyTheatreLondon|BritishSignLanguage（BSL）BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare’scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time:Tueaday22May,2.30pm&Wednesday23May,7.30pmHabimaNationalTheatreTelAviv|HebrewTheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew-languagetheatreworldwide,FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s,Since1958,theyhavebeenrecognizedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare’sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time:Monday28May,7.30&Tuesday29May,7.30pm21.whichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina?A.RichardⅢ. B.Lover’sLabour’sLost.C.AsYouLikeIt. D.ThemerchantofVenice.22.WhatisspecialaboutDeafinnitelyTheatre?A.Ithastwogroupsofactors. B.ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.C.ItperformsplaysinBSL. D.Itisgoodatproducingcomedies.23.WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?A.OnSaturday28Apil. B.OnSunday29April.C.OnTuesday22May. D.OnTuesday29May.Passage3(2017·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷III，A)SanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning:February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketsprice)DepartingfromtheCannery:Tourtimesuponrequest.Duration(時(shí)長(zhǎng)):2hoursPrice:$90BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning:August16ththroughAugust31stThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFrancisco’smostfantasticperiods,the1950s!EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.DepartingfromtheCannery:5:00pmand7:00pmDuration:2hoursPrice:$90SpookyHalloweenTourRunning:October10ththroughOctober31stJoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidiodistrict.Authenticfiregear(服裝)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFrancisco.DepartingfromtheCannery:6:30pmand8:30pmDuration:1hourand30minutesPrice:AvailableuponrequestHolidayLightsTourRunning:December6ththroughDecember23ndThisattractivetourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancis’smostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.DepartingfromtheCannery:7:00pmand9:00pmDuration:1hourand30minutesAdvancereservationsrequired.21.WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A.SanFranciscoWineryTour.B.BacktotheFiftiesTour.C.SpookyHallowenTour.D.HolidayLightsTour.22.WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTours?A.GotoTreasureIsland.B.Enjoytheholidayscenes.C.Havefreeicecream.D.VisitthePresidiodistrict.23.WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A.Takesomedrinks.B.Setoffearlyinthemorning.C.Wearwarmclothes.D.Makereservationsinadvance.Passage4(2017·天津卷，A)Supposeyou’reinarush,feelingtired,notpayingattentiontoyourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.Realisationwillprobablysetinsecondsafteryou’veclicked＂send＂.Youfreezeinhorrorandburnwithshame.Whattodo?Herearefourcommonemailaccidents,andhowtorecover.Clicking＂send＂toosoonDon’twasteyourtimetryingtofindoutifthereceiverhasreadityet.Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabrieftitleexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthepreviousversionshouldbeignored.WritingthewrongtimeThesooneryounotice,thebetter.Respondquicklyandbriefly,apologisingforyourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured:don’thandleittoolightly,aspeoplecanbeoffended,especiallyifyourerrorsuggestsamisunderstandingoftheirculture(i.e.incorrectorderingofChinesenames).Clicking＂replyall＂unintentionallyYouaccidentallyreveal(透露)totheentirecompanywhatmenuchoicesy