書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臨夏現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Michael（）heretoseeyouandhe（）anoteonyourdesk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hascome;hadleft

B.hasbeen;hasleft

C.hascome;left

D.hasbeen;left

【答案】D

【解析】句意:邁克剛來這里看你，他留了一張便條在桌上。

語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)。后文說“留了一張便條”,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,所以用一般過去時。那么前面應(yīng)該表示的是“剛來過”。因此此處用“hasbeenhere”合適。

2.單選題

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes（）,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)minimum“最小化（一般指數(shù)據(jù)之類的）”，B選項(xiàng)short“短的；短小的”，C選項(xiàng)seldom“很少；不常（一般指頻率）”，D選項(xiàng)scarce“稀少的，稀缺的”；原句意思是說如果這種魚變得稀缺……，其余選項(xiàng)代入均不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為：如果這種魚變得稀缺，未來的幾代人可能再也吃不到它了。

3.單選題

Heisvery（）inhisfamilyandneverdoesanythingagainsthiswife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hence

B.filled

C.enormous

D.humble

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。hence因此；filled填滿的；enormous巨大的；humble謙遜的，（級別或地位）低下的。句意：他在家里很（），從不做任何違背他妻子的事。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Eachofthemhadadifferent（）ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.message

B.theory

C.version

D.comment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)message“消息”；B選項(xiàng)theory“理論，原理”；C選項(xiàng)version“版本，說法”；D選項(xiàng)comment“評論，意見”。句意：每個人對實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情都有不同的說法，但她的說法更可信。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

5.單選題

Thatthedriver（

）inordertoavoidanaccidentcouldbeprovenbyexaminingthemarksonthepavement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swerved

B.accelerated

C.dissolved

D.withdrew

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那個司機(jī)突然轉(zhuǎn)向是為了避免意外發(fā)生，這可以通過檢查路面印記予以證實(shí)。

動詞辨析。Swerve突然轉(zhuǎn)向;accelerate加速，促進(jìn);dissolve溶解，解散;withdraw撤退，離開。故A符合句意。

6.填空題

A:Thiswineisdelicious.Wouldyoulike（1）?

B:Nottoday,thanks.It’sratherchillyout.DoyouhaveanythinghotthatIcoulddrink?

A:Sure.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?

B:.（2）Ienjoythemequally,sogivemewhicheverismoreconvenient.

【答案】

some;Either

【解析】1.常用語。wouldyoulikesome?你要點(diǎn)嗎?

2.語義題。根據(jù)后面的givemewhicheverismoreconvenient可知茶或者咖啡都可以，填either。

7.單選題

InternationalVaccination:A.jabintimeSomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica.Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits.

Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach.Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammers.Butasmemoriesofthetollfrominfectiousdiseasesfadesacrosstherichworld,insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reckonsthatvaccinessave2.5mlivesayear.Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine;polioshouldsoonfollow.Inbothcases,richcountriesledtheway.Thenewpatternlooksverydifferent.

Thetrendismostevidentformeasles,whichishighlycontagious.Atleast95%ofpeoplemustvaccinatetostopitsspread(athresholdknownas"herdimmunity").Althoughusuallymild,itcanleadtopneumoniaandcausebraindamageorblindnessthecountrieswiththelowestvaccinationratesareallverypoor,butmanydevelopingcountriesrunexcellentprogrammes(seechart).Eritrea.RwandaandSriLankamanagetovaccinatenearlyeveryone.Bycontrast,severalrichcountries,includingAmerica,Britain.FranceandItaly,arebelowherdimmunity.LastyearEuropemissedthedeadlineithadsetitselfin2010toeradicatemeasles-andhadalmost4,000Cases.Americawasdeclaredmeasles-freein2000;in2014ithadhundredsofcasesacross27statesandlastyearsawitsfirstdeathfromthediseaseinmorethanadecade.Thetrendsforothervaccine-preventablediseases,suchasrubella,whichcancausecongenitaldisabilitiesifapregnantwomancatchesit,arealarming,too.

ThissorrystateofaffairsJsoftenblamedonhardline"anti-vaxxers:parent’suhorefusesallvaccinesfortheirchildren.Theyarcamotleylot.TheAmishinAmericaspurnmodernmedicine,alongwithalmosteverythingelseinventedsincethe17thcentury.Somevegansobjecttotheuseofanimal-derivedproductsinvaccines'manufacture.TheProtestantDutchReformedChurchthinksvaccinesthwartdivinewill.Anthroposophy,foundedinthe19thcenturybyRudolfSteiner,anAustrianmystic-cum-philosopher,preachesthatdiseasesstrengthenchildren'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment.

Inmostcountriessuchrefuseniksareonly2-3%ofparents.Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks.Abiggerproblem,though,isthegrowingnumberofparentswhodelayvaccination,orpickandchoosejabs.StudiesfromAmerica,AustraliaandEuropesuggestthataboutaquarterofparentsfallintothisgroup,generallybecausetheythinkthatthestandardvaccinationschedule,whichprotectsagainstaroundadozendiseases,"overloads-children’simmunesystems,orthatparticularvaccinesareunsafe.Somebelievevaccinesinterferewith“naturalimmunity".Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella.

InAmerica,somepourchildrenmissoutonvaccinesdespiteafederalprogrammetoprovidethejabsfree,sincetheyhavenoregularrelationshipwithafamilydoctor.SomeoutbreaksinEasternEuropehavestartedincommunitiesorRoma(gypsies).Membersofthispoorandostracizedminorityareshunnedbyhealthworkersandoftengounvaccinated.

1.Theword"culprits"(Line2.Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

2.Theword"Anti-vaxxers"(Line1,Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

3.Forsomediseases（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingaccordswiththeauthor'sview?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.someonewhotriestomakedrug.

B.someonewhosupportsvaccination

C.someonewhoobjectsanti-vaxxers

D.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thosewhorefuseallvaccinesfortheirchildren.

B.thosewhoagreemtakevaccinesfortheirchildren

C.thosewhobelieveinvaccines.

D.thosewhodelayvaccines.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.richcountriesarelesseffectiveindiseasepreventionthanpoorcountries.

B.richcountriesaretryingtoeradicatewhilepoorcountriescan't.

C.theyfindnowayintherichcountriesbutthepoorcountries.

D.theycomebackinthepoorcountriesonly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.1980witnessedtheeradicationofsmallpox.

B.isthehelpofvaccine

C.countriessave2.5mlivesayear

D.Vaccinesareusuallymildwithoutharm.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alldiseasewillbeeradicatedifpeopleacceptvaccines.

B.Anti-vaxxerscanbethesourceofoutbreaksbecausetheylendtoliveinclusters.

C.TherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRVaccine-

D.Toomanyvaccineswouldoverloadchildren'simmunesystems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(與非洲貧困地區(qū)相比，部分西方國家的疫苗接種率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits(反疫苗者并非主要的…)。由此推斷“culprits”是對“反疫苗者”的介紹。因此D項(xiàng)“做壞事（不道德行為）的某人”正確。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(與非洲貧困地區(qū)相比，部分西方國家的疫苗接種率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits，可知，“Anti-vaxxers”是指A項(xiàng)“那些拒絕為孩子接種所有疫苗的人”。

3.判斷推理題。A:在疾病預(yù)防上，富裕國家沒有貧窮國家更有效，第二段指出:Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammes(但對于一些需要接種疫苗而疫苗存在安全隱患的疾病來說，上述模式正好相反。許多落后國家實(shí)施高效疫苗接種方案)。因此A正確。B:富國正在努力根除，而貧窮國家卻不能。第二段指出:Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach(消滅疾病是發(fā)達(dá)國家提出的目標(biāo)，落后的國家則要很努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo))。C:他們在富國找不到出路，只有在窮國。文章并未體現(xiàn)此項(xiàng)。D:僅僅在貧窮國家卷土重來。根據(jù)第二段中“insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback”可知D項(xiàng)錯誤。因此，本題選A。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine(在疫苗的作用下，1980年，天花得以消滅)，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。A:如果人們接種疫苗，那么所有疾病將根除。此選項(xiàng)在文中找不到依據(jù)。B：反疫苗者可能成為爆發(fā)的源頭，因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)槿壕?。倒?shù)第二段指出:Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks(然而，因?yàn)樗麄兇蠖酁槿壕由?，這可能使得他們成為疾病爆發(fā)的源頭)，因此B項(xiàng)符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。C:自閉癥和MMR疫苗之間有聯(lián)系。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella(許多人曾被一個說法所動搖，該說法聲稱麻疹、腮腺炎、風(fēng)疹三聯(lián)疫苗（MMR疫苗）會導(dǎo)致自閉癥一一這一說法后遭拆穿)，因此C項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。D:太多疫苗會使得孩子的免疫系統(tǒng)超負(fù)荷。很多家長推遲或選擇性接種疫苗的原因，不是作者的態(tài)度。因此選B。

8.單選題

Experimentsusinganimalshaveplayedacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofmodemmedicaltreatments,andtheywillcontinuetobenecessaryasresearchersseekto______existingailmentsandrespondtotheemergenceofnewdisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.replicate

C.dwindle

D.exploit

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩和”，B項(xiàng)replicate“復(fù)制，折疊”，C項(xiàng)dwindle“減少，變小”，D項(xiàng)exploit“開發(fā)，開拓，剝削”?？崭裉幪钊雱釉~，其賓語是existingailments“現(xiàn)有的疾病”，結(jié)合后面的句子respondtotheemergenceofnewdisease“應(yīng)對新疾病的出現(xiàn)”可知，alleviate符合語境。句意：動物實(shí)驗(yàn)在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)治療的發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用，在研究人員尋求減輕現(xiàn)有疾病和應(yīng)對新疾病出現(xiàn)時，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)將繼續(xù)是必要的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Totakethemedicineforalongertime.

B.Todiscontinuethemedication.

C.Tocometoseeheragain.

D.Toswitchtoothermedications.

【答案】C

【解析】M:HowlongshouldItakethem?

W:Theprescriptionisfor30days.Ifyou’restillfeelingdepressedafter30days.I’dlikeyoutocomebackin.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvicethemantodoifhisproblemcontinues?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說藥量是30天，如果服藥后患者還不好，建議回來復(fù)診。

10.單選題

Therewasnotrafficvisible,butTangoholduphisrightarmmajestically,asthoughhe______acrowdofroaringtrucks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ishalting

B.hadhalted

C.wouldbehalting

D.werehalting

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。asthough在這里引導(dǎo)了后面的虛擬語氣，表示“仿佛”；此處是對過去的虛擬，因此從句用過去時態(tài)，又因?yàn)檎Z境需要，表示動作正在進(jìn)行，A、B、C選項(xiàng)時態(tài)均不對，只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意：路上看不到車輛，但探戈莊嚴(yán)地舉起右臂，好像他在阻止一群呼嘯的卡車。故正確答案為D。

11.單選題

Motorcyclistsshouldwearhelmetsto（）themfrominjury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.save

B.shield

C.shelter

D.defend

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。save意為“使……免于受到……的損傷”；shield指用某種手段作為防御工具以防危險或傷害；shelter通常指尋找安全地方躲避危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受損害。題中是指運(yùn)用頭盔這種工具躲避傷害。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Thefactthattheyreactedsodifferentlywasareflectionoftheirdifferent（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.performances

B.personalities

C.qualities

D.debut

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)”，B項(xiàng)personality“人格，個性”，C項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量”，D項(xiàng)debut“初次登臺，開張”。句意：他們的反應(yīng)如此不同，反映了他們不同的個性。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

13.單選題

Theyneedtomovetonewandlargeapartments.Doyouknowofany（）onesinthis

area?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evacuated

B.empty

C.vacant

D.vacate

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析。句意：他們要到大的新公寓,需要的應(yīng)該是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但區(qū)別在于emptyhouse表示完全不存在內(nèi)容物;vacanthouse是指可能有家具放著，但暫時無人居住的房子。因此,選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(類固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段主要說明了什么是肥胖及什么導(dǎo)致了肥胖，第二段至第五段討論了肥胖會導(dǎo)致的各種健康問題，最后一段說明了減肥失敗的原因。因此D項(xiàng)“肥胖會導(dǎo)致許多嚴(yán)重的健康問題”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:肥胖通常與類固醇等藥物有關(guān)。第一段贊成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（類固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少數(shù)情況下，肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用能導(dǎo)致體重增加的如類固醇藥物造成的）。因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不會影響一個人得癌癥的幾率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B項(xiàng)錯誤。C:肥胖的診斷是基于一個人的年齡、性別和體型的正常體重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定義為脂肪的積累超過了就一個人的年齡、性別和體型而言被認(rèn)為是正常的水平）。因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:在當(dāng)今社會，肥胖已經(jīng)不再是一個問題了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在當(dāng)今社會，肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾?。?。因此D項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。本題選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（節(jié)食并不能教會人們?nèi)绾握_飲食。他們只是暫時限制食物攝入，所以當(dāng)飲食結(jié)束時，體重又會恢復(fù)增長）。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:對老年人來說，減肥是不明智的。B:有些手術(shù)減肥方法比節(jié)食減肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要減掉多余的體重。D:肥胖的人應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利與弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重帶來的危險更大。一些研究人員反駁說，超重每年間接導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡。由此推斷，是否應(yīng)減肥還應(yīng)向醫(yī)生咨詢，故選D。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:肥胖不是一個主要的健康風(fēng)險。文章提及很多肥胖導(dǎo)致的健康問題，因此A項(xiàng)并不能被推斷出。B:科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為肥胖和死亡之間存在聯(lián)系。第五段有指出：關(guān)于肥胖與死亡的關(guān)系，有很多不同觀點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)也不能被推斷出。C:胖人有可能受到他人對自己的偏見。D:肥胖的人經(jīng)常把自己的狀況歸咎于別人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被與懶惰、失敗或意志力不足聯(lián)系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人責(zé)怪他們自己太重，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和沮喪的感覺。由此推斷，C項(xiàng)正確，D項(xiàng)不正確。本題選C。

15.翻譯題

Foracenturyorso,theshoppingritualatdealershowroomsfornewandusedvehicleshasn’tchangedmuch,apartfrommorecomfortablechairsandtheadditionoflatte(拿鐵咖啡)machines.

ButtheInternetisunravelingtheessenceofnew-carretailing,armingshopperswithmoreinformationthaneveraboutfeaturesandprices,and(as)wellasexpertreviews.Willshopperssoonbeabletotakethenextstepandordernewcarsonline,likebooks,laptopsandshoes?

ThedebateoverInternetvehiclesalesrages,sinceautomakersseeif(it)asawaytoslashdistributioncostsbyhundreds,andperhapsafewthousanddollarspervehicle.Dealersareaghast:Theyhaveshieldedtheirfranchisesineverystatewithlegislation.ManyviewInternetsalesasameansofunderminingthem.Dealersassertthat“carsaren’tbooksorshoes”andarebestsoldinpersonbytheirsalesstaff,aprocessthatallowstheshoppertotestthevehicle,aswellasexplorefinancingandtrade-ins.

TeslaMotors(TSLA.，thegroundbreakingelectric-vehiclemanufacturerfoundedbyElonMusk,takesordersforitsModelSsedan,whichstartsat$70.000,onitswebsite.Thecarsaredeliveredeitheratoneofits30company-ownedstoresorcanbedrop-shippedtoabuyer’shome.Tesla,clearly,isbuckinglawandtradition.“InTexas,wherethelawprecludesdeliveringdirectlytocustomers,wedosothroughthird-parties,”saidSharmaHendriks,aTeslaspokesperson.“We’renotsayingwe’llneverhavedealers;butthatmodeldoesn’tmakesenseforusnow.

Becausethemarketforusedcarsisn’tprotectedbynew-carfranchiselaws,itmayprovideamorepromisingopportunityforonlinevehiclesales.eBayMotors,adivisionofeBay(EBAY),offersthousandsofvehiclesonlineforsalesbetweenprivateparties.Manyused-cardealersalsousethedigitalplatformandpayalistingfee.

Carvana,aventuresponsoredbyDriveTime,oneofthenation’slargestused-caroperations,hasbegunsellinglate-modelusedpremiumandluxurymodelsonitsownwebsite.CarvanaoperatesforthetimebeingonlyinAtlantaanditsenvironsbuthopestoexpandnationwide.

ErnieGarciaJr.,Carvana’schiefexecutiveofficer,saidthatthefirsthundredvehiclessoldbyCarvanareflectwhathecalleda“promising”trendofhighsatisfactionamongbuyers.Fourbuyersofthefirsthundredweren’tsatisfiedwiththeirpurchaseandexercisedtheirrighttotradethevehiclestheyboughtforanother.Onlyoneofthehundreddemandedarefund.

Garciasaidthatsalesofnewandusedvehiclesatdealerships,intheconventionalmanner,reflectabout“$2,000acar”insales,generalandadministrativecost.Heregardsthatamountasmarginthatcanandwilleventuallyshrinkasonlineattractsmorevehicleshoppers.New-vehiclesalesonlinehaven’tarrived,andperhapsmaynever.Yetthatdayfeelsasthoughit’sdrawingcloser,especiallyforconsumerswhowillchooseanythingandeverything-includingaspouse-usingkeypadormouse.

Foracenturyorso,theshoppingritualatdealershowroomsfornewandusedvehicleshasn’tchangedmuch,apartfrommorecomfortablechairsandtheadditionoflatte（拿鐵咖啡）machines.

【答案】一個世紀(jì)以來，在經(jīng)銷商的展廳里購買新車或二手車的程序基本上沒有什么變化，只是多了一些舒服的椅子和咖啡機(jī)什么的。

但互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在解構(gòu)新車銷售的本質(zhì)，它讓消費(fèi)者了解到更多有關(guān)汽車性能和價格的信息，同時還有專家的評測與看法。那么，不久的將來，消費(fèi)者是否會像買書、買鞋、買筆記本電腦一樣，開始在網(wǎng)上訂購汽車呢？

關(guān)于汽車能否在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上銷售的爭論十分激烈。汽車廠商們認(rèn)為，網(wǎng)上賣車可以大幅降低渠道成本，光是賣一輛車的渠道成本就可減少幾百、甚至幾千美元。而經(jīng)銷商們則驚慌失措，他們已經(jīng)在美國的各個州通過法律鞏固了自己的經(jīng)營權(quán)，許多經(jīng)銷商認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上售車會對他們的業(yè)務(wù)造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。他們堅(jiān)稱“汽車不是書也不是鞋”,最好還是通過與銷售員面對面溝通的方式來購車，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者可以通過這個環(huán)節(jié)試駕車輛，同時辦妥貸款和打折等有關(guān)的事宜。

由艾倫?馬斯科投資的電動汽車制造商特斯拉汽車公司(TeslaMotors)B經(jīng)開始在官網(wǎng)上接受Models的訂單了，這款車型的起價為7萬美元。這些車輛既可以運(yùn)到這家公司擁有的30家商店里，也可以直接運(yùn)到消費(fèi)者的家門口。顯然特斯拉并不怕挑戰(zhàn)法律和傳統(tǒng)。特斯拉公司的發(fā)言人莎娜?亨德里克斯說：“德克薩斯州的法律禁止廠商把汽車直接運(yùn)到消費(fèi)者家里，所以我們是通過第三方這樣做的。我們并不是說我們永遠(yuǎn)都不需要經(jīng)銷商，但就眼下來說，那種模式對我們沒有意義。”

由于二手車市場不受新車特許經(jīng)營法保護(hù)，因此這個領(lǐng)域?qū)υ诰€賣車來說可能更有前景。比如eBay旗下的eBayMotors就在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)布了成千上萬輛車型信息，方便私人進(jìn)行二手車交易。很多二手車經(jīng)銷商也利用這個數(shù)碼平臺進(jìn)行交易，而且還要支付一定的展示費(fèi)用。

Carvana是美國最大的二手車交易商之一DriveTime投資的一家公司，已經(jīng)開始在自己的網(wǎng)上銷售最新款的二手豪車和高端車型了。目前Carvana的業(yè)務(wù)還僅限于亞特蘭大及周邊地區(qū)，但它希望盡快將業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到全美。

公司CEO小歐尼?加西尼介紹：Carvana公司首批賣出的100輛二手車在客戶中的滿意度很高，預(yù)示了光明的前景。這100個客戶中，只有4個人對他們購買的車輛不滿意，而且行使了換車的權(quán)利，另外只有1名客戶要求退車返款。

加西亞表示，在傳統(tǒng)的銷售方式下，無論是賣新車還是舊車，每輛的銷售成本、一般成本與管理成本加起來，都高達(dá)2,000美元左右。他認(rèn)為，隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)售車的模式吸引更多的消費(fèi)者，這部分金額最終會縮水，轉(zhuǎn)化成利潤。

新車的在線銷售雖然還沒有成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，而且說不定永遠(yuǎn)都將是紙上談兵，但是給我們的感覺卻是這一天已經(jīng)離我們越來越近了。特別是有些消費(fèi)者己經(jīng)習(xí)慣了用鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤挑選和購買一切東西，甚至包括挑選自己的人生伴侶。

16.單選題

Loveisloveanddeathisdeath,foraSouthAfricanBushmanandaFrenchsurrealistalike.Sothethemesofliteraturehaveatonceaninfinitevarietyandanabidingconstancy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.continuing

B.refraining

C.interchanging

D.corresponding

【答案】A

【解析】句意：愛就是愛，死就是死，對于南非的布什曼人和法國的超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者來說都是如此。因此，文學(xué)的主題既具有無限的多樣性，又具有……的穩(wěn)定性。A選項(xiàng)continuing“繼續(xù)的；持續(xù)的”；B選項(xiàng)refraining“克制的”；C選項(xiàng)interchanging“交換的”；D選項(xiàng)corresponding“相當(dāng)?shù)?；相?yīng)的”?！皭劬褪菒郏谰褪撬馈眰鬟f的是一種永恒的穩(wěn)定性，因此abiding詞義應(yīng)與“永恒的”相關(guān)，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Yearsofresearchhadeducatedmeabouthowsugar,fat,andsaltchangethebrain.Iunderstoodsomeoftheparallelsbetweenhyperpalatablefoodsanddrugsofabuse,andaboutthelinksamongsensorystimulation,cues,andmemory.I’dmetenoughpeoplelikeClaudiaandMariatounderstandhoweventhethoughtoffoodcouldcausethemtolosecontrol.

ButIwasn’tfullypreparedforthediscoveriesImadeaboutirresistibilityandwhoosh,theMonsterThickburgerandBaked!CheetosFlamin’Hot,aboutindulgenceandpurplecows.Withoutnecessarilyunderstandingtheunderlyingscience,thefoodindustryhasdiscoveredwhatsells.

IwassittingatChili’sGrill&BarinChicago’sO’HareAirportwaitingforalate-nightflight.Atanearbytableacoupleintheirearlyfortieswasdeepintoameal.Thewomanwasoverweight,withabout180poundsonherfive-foot-four-inchframe.TheSouthwesternEggrollsshehadorderedwerelistedasastartercourse,buttheenormousplatterinfrontofherhadbeenheapedwithfood.Thedishwasdescribedonthemenuas"smokedchicken,blackbeans,com,Jackcheese,redpeppers,andspinachwrappedinsideacrispyflourtortilla,"anditwasservedwithacreamyavocado-ranchdippingsauce.Despiteitsname,thedishlookedmorelikeaburritothananeggroll,anonly-in-Americafusionapproach.

Iwatchedasthewomanattackedherfoodwithvigorandspeed.Sheheldtheeggrollinonehand,dunkeditintothesauce,andbroughtittohermouthwhileusingtheforkinherotherhandtoscoopupmoresauce.Occasionallyshereachedoverandspearedsomeofhercompanion’sFrenchfries.Thewomanatesteadily,workingherwayaroundtheplatewithscantpauseforconversationorrest.Whenshefinallypaused,onlyalittlelettucewasleft.

Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.Hadshebeenaskedtodescribewhatshehadjusteaten,sheprobablywouldhavesubstantiallyunderestimatedherconsumption.Andshewouldprobablyhavebeensurprisedtolearnwhattheingredientsinhermealreallywere.

Thewomanmighthavebeeninterestedinhowmyindustrysource,whohadcalledsugar,fat,andsaltthethreepointsofthecompass,describedherentree.Deep-fryingthetortilladrivesdownitswatercontentfrom40percenttoabout5percentandreplacestherestwithfat.“Thetortillaisreallygoingtoabsorbalotoffat,”hesaid.“Itlookslikeaneggrollissupposedtolook,whichiscrispyandbrownontheoutside.”

Thefoodconsultantreadthroughotheringredientsonthelabel,keepinguparunningcommentaryashedid.“Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.”

“There’sgreenstuffinthere,”hesaid,notingthespinach.“ThatmakesmefeellikeI’meatingsomethinghealthy.”

“ShreddedMontereyJackcheese...Theincreaseinper-capitaconsumptionofcheeseisoffthechart.”

Thehotpeppers,hesaid,“addalittlespice,butnottoomuchtokilleverythingelseoff.”Hebelievedthechickenhadbeenchoppedandformedmuchlikeameatloaf,withbindersadded,whichmakesthosecalorieseasytoswallow.Ingredientsthatholdmoisture,includingautolyzedyeastextract,sodiumphosphate,andsoyproteinconcentrate,furthersoftenthefood.Inoticedthatsaltappearedeighttimesonthelabelandthatsweetenersweretherefivetimes,intheformofcom-syrupsolids,molasses,honey,brownsugar,andsugar.

“Thisishighlyprocessed?”Iasked.

“Absolutely,yes.Allofthishasbeenprocessedsuchthatyoucanwolfitdownfast...choppedupandmadeultrapalatable...Veryappealinglooking,veryhighpleasureinthefood,veryhighcaloricdensity.Rulesoutallthatstuffyouhavetochew.”

Byeliminatingtheneedtochew,modernfoodprocessingtechniquesallowustoeatfaster.“Whenyou’reeatingthesethings,you’vehad500,600,800,900caloriesbeforeyouknowit,”saidtheconsultant.“Literallybeforeyouknowit.”Refinedfoodsimplymeltsinthemouth.

36.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sdescriptionofthewomaneatinginparagraphfour?

37.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonwhypeopleovereatisthat（）.

38.ThefollowingareallingredientsintheeggrollsEXCEPT（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

40.InthefirstsentenceofParagraphfour,theword“vigor”mostnearlymeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThewomanpreferstoeatatChili’svs.otherrestaurants.

B.Thewomantrulyenjoysthefoodsthatshechoosestoeat.

C.Thewoman’sefficiencyatcleaningherplateaddstoherdiningexperience.

D.Theauthorisdisgustedbythewoman’sconsumption.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.saltandsweeteners,likecorn-syrupsolidsandbrownsugar,areaddedtothefood

B.wedon’thavetochewourfoodverymuch

C.peoplelikesmokyflavor

D.sugar,fatandsaltchangethebrain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.darkmeatchicken

B.salt

C.binders

D.honey

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ifyoueattoomuchfoodtooquickly,you’llgainweightandbecomeunhealthy.

B.Becauserefinedfoodisirresistibleandeasytoeat,itmaskshowunhealthyitis,leavingpeopleunawareofthepoorfoodchoicesthey’remaking.

C.Chili’sisoneoftherestaurantsintheU.S.servingunhealthyfoodtoconsumerstoday.

D.FoodconsultantsandauthorsaremakingAmericansawareoftheirunhealthyeatinghabits,thus,creatinghealthiergenerationsforyearstocome.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.pleasure

B.flamboyance

C.lethargy

D.energy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】36.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。本題采用排除法。將信息點(diǎn)定位為文章第四段。即可排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)第五段首句Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.（如果她知道有人在看著她，我肯定她會吃得不一樣）得出本題答案。

37.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的overeat，將信息點(diǎn)定位到文章最后一段，從而得出本題答案。選項(xiàng)A、C和D文中都有提及，但這些并不是引起暴飲暴食的原因。

38.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞eggrolls，將信息點(diǎn)定位為原文第七段。選項(xiàng)A中的darkmeatchicken與原文第七段第二句Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.中的whitemeatchicken表達(dá)意思相反，從而得出本題答案。

39.

文章主旨題。原文的第一段第一句為本文的主題句，指出sugar、fat和salt改變了人們的大腦，然后列舉了一些例子，并且在文章最后一段對這些例子進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，指出這種情況產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。從而得出本題答案。

40.語義題。根據(jù)題干，將信息定位為文章第四段。結(jié)合上下文語意，原句中attacked（攻擊）這個詞不能與pleasure（快樂）同時發(fā)生，排除；因?yàn)閣oman并沒有意識到誰在關(guān)注她，排除flamboyance（華麗）；lethargy“昏睡”意味著懶惰，與主題無關(guān)，排除。D項(xiàng)符合句意，與后文提到的calori