書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)徐海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Morethantwomillionfilmslieinstoreroomsaroundtheworld,someofthemsobadlydamagedthattheycannolongerbescreened.Ifnothingisdone,theycoulddisappearforgood,likehalfthefilmsmadeintheUSbefore1950.Butresearchpromisesanautomatedtechnique,torestoretheseoldfilmstotheirformerglory.

Filmscanbecleanedchemicallyorbyusingultrasound.Butthisistime-consumingandexpensive,andchemicalscanalsodamagetheoriginalfilms.Anotherapproachistodigitizethefilmandthencleanupthedigitalversionframebyframe—aterriblejob.WhenDisneycleanedupSnowWhiteforreleaseonDVD,forinstance,graphicartistsworkedinshiftson40computersdayandnightfor18weeks.

“Thesecomputer-aidedtechniquesremainveryexpensive,”saysSamiaBoukir,whostartedworkonanautomatedsystem,“onlyanautomatedsystemcanhopetosalvagethearchiveofdeterioratingfilms.”

Onceafilmhasbeenscannedin,thefirststageoftheprocessistofinddustspots.Theyusuallyoccuronlyonsingleframes,sothesystemlooksforsmallspotsthatarevisibleononeframeandabsentonitsneighbors.Thesoftwarerepairstheimagebysamplingtheunspoiltareaoftheimageontheadjacentframesandreplacingthedustspotwithanaverageofthesampledpictureelement.

Detectingscratchesismorecomplicatedbecausetheymayrunoverseveralframesandcanbeconfusedwithverticallinesthatarepartofthefilm.Butatelltalepatternoftengivesthemaway:scratchesarenormallycausedbythemechanicalpartsofaprojectorrubbingonthefilm,sotheytendtorepeatatregularintervals.

Thesystemlooksforaperiodicpatternofthistypefromframetoframe,predictingwhenitshouldoccurinthesubsequentframes.Havingidentifiedthescratchanditsduration,thesoftwarethenrepairsthedamagebytakingpictureelementfromundamagedframesbeforeandafterthescratch.Thissmoothingeffectavoidsanysharpedgesintherestoredimage.

Oncerestored,thedigitizedfilmscanbeviewedbyfuturegenerationswithoutriskingmoredamagetotheoriginalbyrunningitthroughaprojector.“Filmhasahundred-yearhistory,buttheknowledgeofhowtostoreitproperlyisonly15yearsold,”saysGodfreyPyeofSunsetDigital,aHollywood-basedcompany.

1.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat（）.

2.WhatisSamiaBoukir’sattitudetowardsautomatedrestorationofthefilm?

3.Whatisthecharacteristicofthedistributionofdustspotsonthefilms?

4.Thefollowingstatementsisthereasonswhyscratchesarehardtobedetected.（）

5.Bysayingthat“withoutriskingmoredamagetotheoriginalbyrunningitthroughaprojector”,(L.1-2,Para.7)theauthormeansthat（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therehavebeenmanymethodstocleanupthefilms

B.DisneyrepairedthedamageofSnowWhiteforprofit

C.chemicalcleaningandtheuseofultrasoundhavethesameeffect

D.cleaningdigitalizedfilmisconsideredfeasibleinfilmrestoration

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Neutral.

B.Negative.

C.Positive.

D.Indifferent.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thespotsareintheunspoiltareaoftheimage.

B.Thespotsareontheaveragesampledpictureelement.

C.Thespotscannotappearontwoadjacentframesatthesametime.

D.Thespotsareontheframethatisvisile.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thescratchesappearatorderintervals.

B.Itiseasytodistinguishverticallinesandscratches.

C.Thescratchescanextendtoseveralframes.

D.Theshapeofscratchesisdifferentfromsomepartsofthefilm.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.laterusemaynotcausenewdamagetothefilmsafterrestoration.

B.thereisnoenvironmentalriskinrepairingtheoriginalfilms.

C.therestoredfilmshaveperfectvisualeffect.

D.theprojectorhasthefunctionofprotectingtherestoredfilms.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。A項(xiàng)可以從第二段的“Anotherapproachisto…”得知，至少有三種方法來修復(fù)，因此正確，暫時(shí)保留；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，確實(shí)是修復(fù)了白雪公主，但是并沒有說是否是為了收益；C項(xiàng)第二段中提到，“chemicalscanalsodamagetheoriginalfilms”也就是化學(xué)的方式可能會(huì)損壞，因此兩者不同，C錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)文章說了這種方法“shiftson40computersdayandnightfor18weeks”是非常大的工作量，很累人，因此不一定可行。答案為A。

第2題:作者態(tài)度題。從第三段他說“Thesecomputer-aidedtechniquesremainveryexpensive,”以及“onlyanautomatedsystemcanhopetosalvagethearchiveofdeterioratingfilms.”這兩句話可以看出，他是非常支持自動(dòng)修復(fù)的，甚至認(rèn)為這是唯一的方法來拯救老電影。因此答案為C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。答案出處根據(jù)題干可以定位到第四段和第五段，第四段的第二句：Theyusuallyoccuronlyonsingleframes…意思是它們通常只出現(xiàn)在單幀上，因此答案為C，是這句話的轉(zhuǎn)述。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段，第五段第一句，“Detectingscratchesismorecomplicatedbecausetheymayrunoverseveralframes…thefilm.”意為“探測(cè)劃痕更為復(fù)雜，因?yàn)閯澓劭赡軙?huì)覆蓋好幾幀，而且可能會(huì)與作為膠片一部分的垂直線混淆。”因此告訴我們劃痕可能延展到好幾幀，答案為C。

第5題:作者意圖題。句子字面含義為“數(shù)字化的膠片一旦被修復(fù)，就可以被子孫后代觀看，而不會(huì)因?yàn)橥ㄟ^放映機(jī)放映而對(duì)原膠片造成更大的損害。”我們可以看出意思是一旦修復(fù)好了，之后就一勞永逸了，不用擔(dān)心會(huì)有其他的損壞，答案A為同義轉(zhuǎn)述，正確。

2.單選題

Formanycountries,beingpartofaglobalsupplychainislikestrikingoil–oilthatmaynever（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.runout

B.workout

C.turnout

D.callout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)runout“用完，耗盡”，B項(xiàng)workout“解決，算出”，C項(xiàng)turnout“結(jié)果是”，D項(xiàng)callout表示“喚起，出動(dòng)”。句意：對(duì)于許多國(guó)家來說，成為全球供應(yīng)鏈的一部分就像開采可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)用完的石油。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theorganizationprovidesinformationonhealthissuetothepublicatlarge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlength

B.ingeneral

C.indetail

D.inbrief

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.atlength詳細(xì)地B.ingeneral通常；一般來說

C.indetail詳細(xì)地D.inbrief簡(jiǎn)言之

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】原詞atlarge“詳細(xì)地”，側(cè)重于“詳”，即全面的，原句側(cè)重于表達(dá)向公眾提供的信息的全面性。A選項(xiàng)atlength“詳細(xì)地”與原文一致。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)ingeneral“通常；一般來說”，不符合原句句意；

C選項(xiàng)indetail“詳細(xì)地”，側(cè)重于“細(xì)”，即具體的細(xì)節(jié)；

D選項(xiàng)inbrief“簡(jiǎn)言之”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】該組織向公眾提供有關(guān)健康問題的全面信息。

4.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Therailroadindustrycouldnothavegrownaslargeasitdidwithoutsteel.Thefirstrailsweremadeofiron.Butironrailswerenotstrongenoughtosupportheavytrainsrunningathighspeeds.Railroadexecutiveswantedtoreplacethemwithsteelrailsbecausesteelwastenorfifteentimesstrongerandlastedtwentylimeslonger.Beforethe1870’s,however,steelwastooexpensivetobewidelyused.Itwasmadebyaslowandexpensiveprocessofheating,stirring,andreheatingironore.

ThentheinventorHenryBessemerdiscoveredthatdirectingablastofairatmeltedironinafurnacewouldbumouttheimpuritiesthatmadetheironbrittle.Astheairshotthroughthefurnace,thebubblingmetalwoulderuptinshowersofsparks.Whenthefirecooled,themetalhadbeenchanged,orconverted,tosteel.TheBessemerconvertermadepossiblethemassproductionofsteel.Nowthreetofivetonsofironcouldbechangedintosteelinamatterofminutes.

【答案】沒有鋼鐵，鐵路工業(yè)不可能發(fā)展到今天的規(guī)模。第一段鐵軌是鐵做的。但是鐵制鐵軌還不夠堅(jiān)硬，承受不了沉重的火車高速運(yùn)行。鐵路高管們想用鋼軌取代鐵軌，因?yàn)殇摫辱F堅(jiān)硬10-15倍，而且使用壽命是鐵的20倍。然而，在19世紀(jì)70年代以前，鋼由于太貴而沒有得到廣泛使用。鋼的煉制過程漫長(zhǎng)，并且成本高，首先要加熱，然后攪拌，最后重新加熱鐵礦。

后來亨利?貝塞麥發(fā)現(xiàn)在煉鐵的時(shí)候往熔爐里的鐵水輸送空氣可以燃燒掉那些使鐵易碎的雜志。因?yàn)榭諝膺M(jìn)入熔爐時(shí)，熔漿便會(huì)噴出火花束。當(dāng)火冷卻后，鐵就變成鋼了。貝塞麥轉(zhuǎn)爐的大規(guī)模使用使得鋼的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)成為可能?，F(xiàn)在3-5噸鐵轉(zhuǎn)化成鋼只要幾分鐘時(shí)間。

5.單選題

Althoughmany（modifications）havebeenmadeinit,thegameknownintheUnitedStatesasfootballcanbetraceddirectlytotheEnglishgameofrugby.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rules

B.changes

C.demands

D.leagues

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。modification表示“修改，修正”；A項(xiàng)rule“規(guī)則，建議，統(tǒng)治”，B項(xiàng)change“變化，改變，替代物”，C項(xiàng)demand“（堅(jiān)決的或困難的）要求，（顧客的）需求”，D項(xiàng)league“聯(lián)盟，社團(tuán)，范疇”。句意：盡管對(duì)其進(jìn)行了許多修改，但在美國(guó)被稱為足球的比賽可以直接追溯到英國(guó)的橄欖球比賽。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】75.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.（然而，半數(shù)以上的無父家庭是由離婚、分居、死亡或監(jiān)禁造成的，近一半的非婚生孩子現(xiàn)在是由同居的父親和母親產(chǎn)生的）可知C選項(xiàng)“在所有無母親家庭中，只有不到一半是由離婚、分居或死亡造成的”和原文不符以及B選項(xiàng)“近一半的非婚生嬰兒現(xiàn)在和父母住在一起”和原文相符；第一段Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.（當(dāng)立法者、政策分析人士和意見領(lǐng)袖討論家庭變化時(shí)，他們通常關(guān)注兩個(gè)問題：非婚生育和無父家庭。在許多情況下，他們討論這兩個(gè)問題，仿佛它們是相同的）可知A選項(xiàng)“非婚生育并不是單親家庭的唯一原因”；結(jié)合上文所提到的內(nèi)容可知D選項(xiàng)“非婚生育和無父家庭是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的問題”符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

76.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.（她們還發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作異常困難，因?yàn)樗齻冞€要照顧孩子。許多人從缺席的父親那里得到的子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)非常少，即使是慷慨的子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)也比收入相同的常住父親通常提供的錢要少。雖然單身母親有資格獲得各種形式的公共援助，但立法者和選民都不想讓這種援助慷慨，以免慷慨會(huì)鼓勵(lì)更多的女性獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)孩子）有涉及到B選項(xiàng)“低收入母親”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏政府的幫助”以及D選項(xiàng)“缺乏來自孩子父親的支持”，但是結(jié)合下文Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.（因此，單親母親家庭的蔓延對(duì)美國(guó)貧困的持續(xù)存在起到了重要作用）可以推斷出貧困才是導(dǎo)致這些問題的回答，A選項(xiàng)“貧困”包括了B，C，D選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

77.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.（離婚后再婚的母親在經(jīng)濟(jì)上與孩子生父保持婚姻關(guān)系的母親差不多）可知A選項(xiàng)“離婚后再婚的母親”有提及；第三段Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown…（與男友同居的未婚母親的家庭收入也明顯高于獨(dú)自生活的母親……）可知C選項(xiàng)“與男朋友同居的未婚母親”有提及；第三段Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelative…（而且，當(dāng)未婚母親與父母或其他親戚住在一起時(shí)……）可知D選項(xiàng)“和父母住在一起的未婚媽媽”有提及；B選項(xiàng)“與孩子的生父保持婚姻關(guān)系的母親”原文未涉及。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

78.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段劃線句子處In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.（1964年，當(dāng)林登?約翰遜宣布向貧困宣戰(zhàn)時(shí)，只有30%的有孩子的貧困家庭由單身母親撫養(yǎng)。自20世紀(jì)70年代末以來，這個(gè)數(shù)字一直在60%左右）可知選C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)70年代末以來，貧困單親家庭的比例翻了一番”；A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在越來越多的貧困家庭的孩子生活在單親家庭”，B選項(xiàng)“有孩子的貧困家庭一半以上是單親家庭”以及D選項(xiàng)“離婚率自1964年以來翻了一番”原文都未提及，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

People'sviewonqualityeducation（）fromindividualtoindividual.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.changes

B.varies

C.alters

D.transforms

【答案】B

【解析】changefrom...to…."由……改變?yōu)椤?;varyfrom...to…."從……到……不同";alterfrom...to..."由……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?;transformfrom...to…"由……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?。句意：人們對(duì)素質(zhì)教育的看法因人而異。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscious“意識(shí)到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能確定的”；C選項(xiàng)novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新穎小巧而廉價(jià)的物品”；D選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”。句意：許多科學(xué)家對(duì)這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值仍持懷疑態(tài)度。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞skeptical“懷疑的”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thehighunemploymentratesoftheearly1960soccasionedaspiriteddebatewithintheeconomicsprofession.Onegroupfoundtheprimarycauseofunemploymentinslowgrowthandthesolutionineconomicexpansion.Theotherfoundthemajorexplanationinchangesthathadoccurredinthesupplyanddemandforlaborandstressedmeasuresformatchingdemandwithsupply.

Theexpansionistschoolofthought,withtheCouncilofEconomicAdvisersasitsleadingadvocates,attributedthepersistentlyhighunemploymentleveltoaslowrateofeconomicgrowthresultingfromadeficiencyofaggregatedemandforgoodsandservices.ThemajorityofthisschoolendorsedthepositionoftheCouncilthattaxreductionwouldeventuallyreducetheunemploymentlevelto4%ofthelaborforcewithnootherassistance.At4%,bottlenecksinskilledlabor,middle-levelmanpower,andprofessionalpersonnelwereexpectedtoretardgrowthandgeneratewage-pricepressures.Togobeyond4%,theinterimgoaloftheCouncil,itwasrecognizedthatimprovededucation,training,andretraining,andotherstructuralmeasureswouldberequired.Someexpansionistsinsistedthatthedemandforgoodsandserviceswasnearlysatiatedandthatitwasimpossiblefortheprivatesectortoabsorbasignificantincreaseinoutput.Intheirestimate,onlythelower-incomefifthofthepopulationandthepublicsectorofferedsufficientoutletsfortheproductiveeffortsofthepotentiallaborforce.Thefactthattheneedsofthepoorandthemanyunmetdemandsforpublicservicesheldhigherprioritythanthedemandsofthemarketplaceinthevaluestructureofthisgroupnodoubtinfluencedtheireconomicjudgments.

Thosewhofoundthemajorcauseofunemploymentinstructuralfeatureswereprimarilylaboreconomists,concernedprofessionallywithefficientfunctioningoflabormarketsthroughprogramstodevelopskillsandplaceindividualworkers.TheymaintainedthatincreasedaggregatedemandwasanecessarybutnotsufficientconditionforreachingeithertheCEA's4%targetortheirownpreferred3%.Thispessimismwasbased,inpart,ontheconclusionthatunemploymentamongtheyoung,theunskilled,minoritygroups,anddepressedgeographicalareasisnoteasilyattackedbyincreasinggeneraldemand.Further,theirestimateofthenumbersofpotentialmembersofthelaborforcewhohadwithdrawnornorenteredbecauseoflackofemploymentopportunitywassubstantiallyhigherthanthatoftheCEA.Theyalsoprojectedthatincreaseddemandwouldputaddedpressureonskillsalreadyinshortsupplyratherthanemploytheunemployed,andthatbecauseoftechnologicalchange,whichwasreplacingmanpower,muchhigherlevelsofdemandwouldbenecessarytocreatethesamenumberofjobs.

Thestructuralschool,too,haditshyperenthusiasts:Fiscalconservativeswho,asanalternativetoexpansionarypolicies,arguedthenotveryplausiblepositionthatajobwasavailableforeveryperson,providedonlythatheorshehadtherequisiteskillsorwouldrelocate.Suchextremistpositionsaside,therewasactuallyconsiderableagreementbetweentwomaingroups,thoughthiswasnotrecognizedatthelime.Bothrealizedtheadvisabilityofataxcuttoincreasedemand,andbothneededtoreduceunemploymentbelowapointaround4%.Ineithercase,thepolicyimplicationsdifferedinemphasisandnotincontent.

1.Theauthor'streatmentofthe"hyperenthusiasts"canbestbedescribedasoneof().

2.Accordingtothepassage,therewasagooddealofagreementbetweentheexpansionistandstructuralisttheorieson().

3.Althoughtheyagreedthatanincreaseindemandwasnecessarytoreduceunemployment,theexpansionistsarguedthat().

4.Theauthordiscountsthevalueoftheexpansionists'judgmentbypointingoutthatit().

5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehyperenthusiastscontendedthat().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tolerance

B.appreciation

C.dismissal

D.sarcasm

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.howtoreduceunemploymentinthe1960s

B.howtoreduceunemploymentto4percent

C.whatrolethegovernmentplayedinreducingunemployment

D.howtoeliminatestructuraldeficiencies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.importanceshouldbeattachedtostructuralmeasuressuchaseducationandtraining

B.politicallyconservativepoliciesshouldbemadeintheefforttoreduceunemployment

C.ataxcutwouldnotbesufficienttohelptocreateincreaseddemand

D.governmentspendingtoincreasedemandshouldfundprogramsforlowerincomegroupsandpublicservices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasnotborneoutwithsufficientinformation

B.wascoloredbytheirpoliticalviewpoint

C.wasnotmadefromaprofessionalpointofview

D.wasdeemedtobeimpracticalandthusincorrect

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theproblemofunemploymentcouldbesolvedwithgovernmentretrainingandeducationprograms

B.thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasgreatlyoverestimatedbytheCouncilofEconomicAdvisers

C.thepoorhadagreaterneedforexpandedgovernmentservicesthanthemoreaffluentportionofthepopulation

D.fiscalpoliciesalonewerepowerfulenoughtoreducethejoblessrateto4percentoftheworkforce

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一自然段。作者對(duì)財(cái)政保守派一方面可以增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)但落實(shí)不到實(shí)處的態(tài)度有點(diǎn)諷剌意味。tolerance容忍;appreciation欣賞;dismissal不予理會(huì);sarcasm諷刺,嘲笑。所以選D。

2.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)二三句"Suchextremistpositionsaside,...bothneededtoreduceunemploymentbelowapointaround4%."他們都意識(shí)到減稅以增加需求是明智的,都需要將失業(yè)率降低到4%以下。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段前部分內(nèi)容可知,擴(kuò)張主義思想體系中,大多數(shù)人都贊同委員會(huì)的立場(chǎng),即在沒有其他援助的情況下,僅通過減稅就能將失業(yè)率降至4%。為了達(dá)到這一目標(biāo),需要改善教育培訓(xùn)以及其他結(jié)構(gòu)性措施。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句"Thefactthat...theireconomicjudgments."在這個(gè)群體的價(jià)值結(jié)構(gòu)中,窮人的需要和許多未得到滿足的對(duì)公共服務(wù)的要求比市場(chǎng)的要求具有更高的優(yōu)先地位,這無疑影響了他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)判斷。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這些潛在熱心者認(rèn)為：每個(gè)人可獲得的工作機(jī)會(huì)并不是很合理,工作只會(huì)提供給那些有相應(yīng)技能的求職者,否則會(huì)被調(diào)劑。也就是說,求職者想要解決就業(yè)問題需要經(jīng)過再就業(yè)培訓(xùn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

10.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.

Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalizationofscientificactivity.

Noclearcutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.(Nevertheless,theword'amateur’doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity,andinparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.

Theurowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextrainingimpliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.

Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.

AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalizationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.

【答案】另一結(jié)果是科研活動(dòng)的日益專業(yè)化。

然而，“業(yè)余”這個(gè)詞的確包含這樣一個(gè)內(nèi)涵，即所提到的人無法完全融入科學(xué)界，尤其是，他們可能無法完全認(rèn)同這個(gè)群體的價(jià)值觀。

十九世紀(jì)，由于長(zhǎng)期而復(fù)雜的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練，專業(yè)化的發(fā)展給從事科研的業(yè)余人員帶來了更大的問題。

作為這一發(fā)展的合理結(jié)果，不同的期刊面向不同的讀者，專業(yè)的或者業(yè)余的。

盡管職業(yè)化和專業(yè)化進(jìn)程在19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)地質(zhì)界進(jìn)行得非常深入，但是它所產(chǎn)生的影響到20世紀(jì)才體現(xiàn)出來。

11.單選題

Youmustletmehavetheannualreportwithout（）byteno’clocktomorrowmorning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.failure

B.hesitation

C.trouble

D.fail

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。withoutfail為固定搭配,表示“必定,務(wù)必”。句意為:你必須在明天早上十點(diǎn)之前把年度報(bào)告交給我。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

Thisisanexcitingareaofstudy,andone（）whichnewapplicationsarebeingdiscoveredalmostdaily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.by

C.in

D.through

【答案】C

【解析】考査定語(yǔ)從句。inwhich表示“在某個(gè)領(lǐng)域被發(fā)現(xiàn)”。句意：這是一個(gè)令人興奮的研究領(lǐng)域,

一個(gè)幾乎每天都有新的應(yīng)用程序被發(fā)現(xiàn)的領(lǐng)域。

13.單選題

Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,notleastbecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.Everysooften,oneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleonthe“CaroftheFuture”.Theyfeaturedunconventionalstylingandthingslikesmallnuclearreactorsaspowersources.Yet,frankly,mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo.Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline,itplaysmusic.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon’tsteeritcarefully.

Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsaresubjecttochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.Itwillstillgoandstop,butitmaynotburngasoline.Imaynothavetosteerit,anditmaybealotbetteratnotrunningintothings.

Airbagsaren’tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.Infact,consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions（碰撞）,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.Buttheyaren’tgoingaway,andinfactyoucanexpecttoseecarsappearingwithadditional,side-impactairbags,somethingsomeEuropeancarmanufacturersalreadyoffer.

Betterthansystemstominimize（使減少到最低限度）injuryintheeventofanaccident,however,aresystemsthatminimizethelikelihoodofanaccidenthappeninginthefirstplace.Futurecarsmaybeabletoeliminatemanyofthemajorcausesofaccidents,includingdrunk-driving,tailgatingandsleepiness.Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.Manyaccidentsarecausedbypeoplefollowingthecarinfronttooclosely.Asearlyasnextyear,you’llbeabletobuycarswithradar-equippedcontrolsystems.Iftheradardeterminesyou’reclosingtooquicklywiththecarinfront,itwilleaseuponthethrottle.Forcitystreets,expectotherradardevicesthatwillgiveadvancewarningthatthecarinfrontofyouhasslowedsuddenlyandyoushouldsteponthebrakes—orthatmayevenbrakeforyou.

Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon’tbetechnicallypossible,andMercedesisworkingonasystemthatcanbrake,accelerateandsteeravehicledownahighwayonitsown.Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars,butsuchsystemscouldbeusedasfailsafe（安全的）systemstokeepcarsontheroadandbringthemsafelytoastopevenifthedriversuddenlybecamedisabled.

1.Theauthorwasfascinatedbycarsbecause_____.

2.Bysay“mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo”(Line-5-6,para.1),theauthormeansthat.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofairbags?

4.Whatwillfuturecarsdoifthesensorsdetectalcoholinthedriver’ssystem?

5.Wh