書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifyoucannotattendthemeeting,pleasefindsomeoneto____foryou.

問題1選項

A.replace

B.substitute

C.displace

D.misplace

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.replace取代B.substitute代替

C.displace取代；替代D.misplace隨意擱置；亂放

【答案】B

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】substitutefor意為“代替；取代”。由句意“如果你不能參加會議，請找人……你?！笨芍摯钆浞暇湟?，意為“如果你不能參加會議，請找人代替你?！币虼诉xA。

【干擾項排除】

A選項replace“取代”，replacefor意為“將……取代成……”，不符合語境；

C選項displace“取代；替代”，不與for搭配；

D選項misplace“隨意擱置；亂放”不符合語境。

【句意】如果你不能參加會議，請找人代替你。

2.單選題

ThemouthoftheAmazonRiverhaslongbeenastartingplaceforhuntersgoingtothejunglesofBrazil.Inrecentyearsithasbeen,too,theheadquartersforamiddle-agedAmericancouplewhohuntthesmallestlivingthingsandperhapsthemostdeadly-viruses.Dr.Causeyandhiswifehavediscoveredmorenewtypesandmoreoldonesinnewplacesthanalloftheothersearchteams.

Dr.Causeyinsiststhatthecouple’ssuccessisduemoretothenumberofvirusesintheforestsoftheAmazonthantotheskillheandhiswifehavedevelopedduringtheireighteenyearsofworkinBrazil.

“Wehavefoundtheloveliestdiseasesrightinourbackyard,”hetoldmeonedayaswewalkedthroughalighttrainalongajungletrail.

“Oh,thesevirusesarehereallright.Thereisinthejungleagreatpoolofdiseasewhichiscarriedinthebloodofanimalsandbirds.Someofthediseasescanbecaughtbypeople.Itmaybethatweshallfindthatthejungleisagreatcenterofvirusdiseaseandthatitoverflowsfromheretootherpartsoftheworld.Itmaybethatbirdscarrythevirusestofarcountries.Itmaybethatsomeviruseswhichpresentlyreproduceinmanwithoutmakinghimill,maychangeandbecomedeadlytohim.‘Viruseswaitingforadisease,’theyaresometimescalled.Thisisjustanidea,youunderstand.Wedonotknow,butitisimportantthatwefindout,andthefirststepinfindingoutistolearnwhatvirusesthereareinthejungles.”

ThereisaBrazilianstoryaboutthebeginningoftheworldwhichgoes:WhenGodwasmakingtheworldhetriedtokeepeverythinginbalance.Whenhemadeadesert,heprovideditwithsomegreenplaces.Whenhemadealandthatwasbeautiful,hegaveitstormsandotherterriblethingscausedbytheweather.Wheretheearthwasrichbelowthesurface,itwasalsomadehardtoliveon.Wherethelandcouldbefarmed,theweatherwasmadetoohotortoocoldortoodry.Wheretherewasenoughwater,Godmadeitsothatthereshouldsometimesbetoomuchwater.

“ButinoneplaceGodmadealandthatwasrich,whereeverythinggreweasily.Whereitwasnottoohotandcertainlynottoocold,whereanimalswereplentifulandfruithungfromthetreesalltheyearround.”

“Theangelslookedatthislovelinessandwerejealousofman.”TheyaskedGodifthiswasnottoobeautiful,toomuchlikeheaven,thisvalleyoftheAmazon.

“AndGodsaid,True,thislandlookslikeheaven,butwaituntilyouseewhathappenstomanwhenhetriestoliveinit.”

1.TheCauseyschosethemouthoftheAmazonastheirheadquarters______.

2.AccordingtoDr.Causey,thesuccessofhiswifeandhimselfwasmainlydueto______.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.WhenDr.Causeysaid,“Wehavefoundtheloveliestdiseasesrightinourbackyard”,hemeant______.

5.ThecentralideaoftheBrazilianlegendisthat______.

問題1選項

A.inordertohuntanimalsofthejungles

B.becauseitwasthestartingpointofmosthunters

C.becausetheydidnotwanttostayinthejungle

D.inordertohaveeasyaccesstothejungle

問題2選項

A.their18yearsofworkinBrazil

B.theirrichandincomparableexperience

C.alargeamountofvirusesintheAmazonforest

D.theirwell-chosenheadquartersatthemouthofRiverAmazon

問題3選項

A.Thejungleistheonlyplacewherewecanfindviruses.

B.TheCauseyswenttoBraziltolookforvirusesandwildanimals.

C.Virusesareonlycarriedinthebloodofanimals.

D.Notallvirusesare,atpresent,harmfultoman.

問題4選項

A.newviruseshavejustbeendiscovered

B.hisdiscoverywasabitfrightening

C.heandhiswifeweresurroundedbyharmfulviruses

D.hisjobwasuninterestingatall

問題5選項

A.thingsinnaturetendtobebalanced

B.theAmazonisthebestplaceGodhascreated

C.evenGodcannotdoeverythingperfectly

D.thereisnotsuchaplaceasheaveninthisworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句ThemouthoftheAmazonRiverhaslongbeenastartingplaceforhuntersgoingtothejunglesofBrazil.（長期以來，亞馬遜河口一直是獵人前往巴西叢林的起點）。B選項“因為這是大多數(shù)獵人的起點”，B選項符合題意，因此B選項正確。A選項“來獵取叢林里的動物”，文章只是說獵捕最小的生物，可排除A選項。C選項“因為他們不想呆在叢林里”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項“以便方便地進入?yún)擦帧?，文章沒有提到是為了方便進入?yún)擦郑虐芽偛吭O在河口，可排除D選項。因此B選項為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。我們可以定位到文章第二段Dr.Causeyinsiststhatthecouple’ssuccessisduemoretothenumberofvirusesintheforestsoftheAmazonthantotheskillheandhiswifehavedevelopedduringtheireighteenyearsofworkinBrazil.（Causey博士堅持認為，這對夫婦的成功更多是由于亞馬遜森林里的病毒數(shù)量，而不是他和妻子在巴西工作的18年所培養(yǎng)的技能。）根據(jù)凱西博士的話語推測他們的成功離不開亞馬遜森林里的病毒。C選項“亞馬遜森林里有大量的病毒”符合文章內(nèi)容，C選項正確。A選項“他們在巴西工作了18年”，文章所說他們的成功不是因為18年的工作所培養(yǎng)的技能，A選項排除。B選項“他們豐富而無可比擬的經(jīng)驗”，文章所說，不是由于他們18年所培養(yǎng)的技能，B選項可排除。D選項“他們精心挑選的亞馬遜河口總部”，文章第二段沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此C選項為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。D選項“目前，并非所有的病毒都對人類有害”，文章所說“有些目前在人體內(nèi)繁殖而不使人生病的病毒”，D選項正確。A選項“叢林是唯一能找到病毒的地方”，說法過于絕對，可排除。B選項“Causeys去了巴西尋找病毒和野生動物”，他們主要是為了抓捕小動物，B選項可排除。C選項“病毒只在動物的血液中攜帶”，文章所說，有些疾病會被人類感染，并帶到其他地方，因此C選項可排除。因此D選項為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。通過題干我們可以定位到文章第三段“Wehavefoundtheloveliestdiseasesrightinourbackyard,”hetoldmeonedayaswewalkedthroughalighttrainalongajungletrail.（我們在自家后院發(fā)現(xiàn)了最可愛的疾病，一天，當我們走過一條叢林小徑的輕軌時，他對我說），因此可推測，凱西夫婦居住周圍，都圍繞著病毒。C選項“他和他的妻子被有害的病毒包圍著”，符合文章內(nèi)容，C選項正確。A選項“新病毒剛剛被發(fā)現(xiàn)”，確實發(fā)現(xiàn)了病毒，但不確定是不是新的病毒，A選項可排除。B選項“他的發(fā)現(xiàn)有點嚇人”，文章提到發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒是最可愛的，因此可推測，他們愿意發(fā)現(xiàn)病毒，B選項可排除。D選項“他的工作一點也不有趣”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除D。因此C選項為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。通過題干我們可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第四段第一句ThereisaBrazilianstoryaboutthebeginningoftheworldwhichgoes:WhenGodwasmakingtheworldhetriedtokeepeverythinginbalance.（有一個關于世界起源的巴西故事：當上帝創(chuàng)造世界的時候，他試圖讓一切保持平衡）。A選項“自然界的事物往往是平衡的”符合文章內(nèi)容，因此A選項正確。B選項“亞馬遜是上帝創(chuàng)造的最好的地方”，文中所說天使們認為亞馬遜是很像天堂的地方，但是上帝卻說住在這里的人會發(fā)生什么事是不確定的，因此B選項可排除。C選項“即使上帝也不能把每件事都做得完美”，選項的意思是貼切的，但不是傳說的中心思想，因此C選項可排除。D選項“這個世界上沒有天堂這樣的地方”，不符合句意，可排除。因此A選項為正確答案。

3.單選題

（

）,allofthesoldierslaiddownonthegroundimmediatelyandcouldnotmovetheirbodies,（

）verytired.

問題1選項

A.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;felt

B.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;feeling

C.Finishedthetask;felt

D.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;havingfelt

【答案】A

【解析】非謂語動詞的用法。句意：任務一完成，所有的士兵都立即躺在地上并且無法移動分毫，他們都感到很累。分析句子結構可知，第一個空作伴隨狀語，且主句的主語與從句的主語thetask不一致，所以排除C選項；第二個空謂語動詞與laid以及couldnotmove一致，A選項正確。

4.單選題

Airplaneandtelevisionareamongthe（）ofscience.

問題1選項

A.masks

B.martyrs

C.marvels

D.marrow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:飛機和電視都是科學的奇跡。

考查名詞辨析。mask面具，口罩；martyr烈士;marvel奇跡；marrow骨髓，精華。四個選項中，只有C項符合句意。

5.單選題

Marriageinhasteusuallyleadsto（）atleisure.

問題1選項

A.resentment

B.reluctance

C.repentance

D.fantasy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；B選項reluctance“勉強”；C選項repentance“悔改，后悔”；D選項fantasy“幻想”。句意：草率結婚通常容易導致將來后悔。根據(jù)句意，此處選擇C選項repentance“悔改，后悔”。因此C選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Thefuelofthecontinentalmissileissupposedtobe（

）bythisdevice.

問題1選項

A.ignited

B.lighted

C.fired

D.inspired

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。ignite多用于指用火花使易燃物迅速燃燒起來；light指易燃物發(fā)光；fire指將某物點燃，使其燃燒；而inspire則強調(diào)靈感。句意：大陸導彈的燃料應該是由這個裝置點燃的。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：這位教授幾乎找不到足夠的根據(jù)來支持他的新理論。根據(jù)橫線到句尾是對sufficientgrounds進行修飾的定語從句，確定用引導詞which；根據(jù)短語basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，確定用介詞on，B選項onwhichtobase正確。A選項whichtobaseon介詞和語序錯誤；C選項tobebasedon和D選項tobaseon介詞使用錯誤。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Huntingisthoughttobe（）fortheextinctionofsomewildlife.

問題1選項

A.responsible

B.blamed

C.charged

D.denounced

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。responsible“負責任的”，詞組beresponsiblefor“承擔……責任”，tobeblamefor“應受責備”，bechargedwith“”被控告”，denounce“公然抨擊”，句意：野生動物滅絕的原因應該歸咎于狩獵。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

I______themeetingyesterday,butsomeurgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming.

問題1選項

A.oughttoattend

B.wasabouttoattend

C.wastohaveattended

D.wastoattend

【答案】C

【解析】考查謂語動詞。A選項oughttoattend“應該參加”；B選項wasabouttoattend“即將參加，正打算參加”；C選項wastohaveattended“本來要參加（卻結果沒參加）”；D選項wastoattend“將要參加（表示預先安排好的計劃或約定）”。句意：我本來打算昨天參加會議的，但有一件緊急的事阻止我前往。根據(jù)urgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming“緊急的事阻止我前往”可知，我原本想?yún)⒓訒h，C選項wastohaveattended“本來要參加（卻結果沒參加）”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

問題1選項

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項harmony“融洽；和諧；和聲”；B選項turmoil“混亂，騷亂”；C選項distortion“曲解；變形，失真”；D選項accord“協(xié)議”。句意：這個行業(yè)進入_______，一些物理學家堅持現(xiàn)有的理論，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理論。根據(jù)語境，大家的觀點不一致，turmoil“混亂，騷亂”比較能夠形容這個情況，符合題意。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

TheChinesepolarexplorerstookeveryprecautionto（）thedangersoftheirtrip.

問題1選項

A.minimize

B.extinguish

C.shrink

D.prevent

【答案】A

【解析】句意：中國極地探險者采取了一切預防措施，把旅行的危險降到了最低。選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thedebateovertheenvironmentalcrisisisnotnew:anxietyaboutindustry’simpactontheenvironmenthasexistedforoveracentury.Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.Inturn,thesepolemicshaveelicitedacorrespondingbacklashfromindustry.Thesadeffectofthispolarizationisthatitisnowevenmoredifficultforindustrythanitwasahundredyearsagotorespondappropriatelytoimpactanalysesthatdemandaction.

Unliketoday’sadversaries,earlierecologicalreformerssharedwithadvocatesofindustrialgrowthaconfidenceintimelycorrectiveaction.GeorgeP.Marsh’spioneeringconservationtractManandNature(1864)elicitedwideacclaimwithoutembittereddenials.ManandNaturecastigatedEarth’sdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.Tothecontrary,theygenerallyagreedwithhim.

Why?Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens;theydisputednotthedesirabilityofconqueringnaturebutthebunglingwayinwhichtheconquestwascarriedout.Blamewasnotpersonalized.Marshdenouncedgeneralgreedratherthanparticularentrepreneurs,andthemediadidnothoundmalefactors.Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.Self-interestunderwrotemostprescribedreforms.Marsh’semphasisonfuturestewardshipwasthenawidelyacceptedideal(ifnotpractice).HisecologicaladmonitionswereinkeepingwiththeEnlightenmentpremisethathumanity’smissionwastosubdueandtransformnature.

Notuntilthe1960sdidagloomierperspectivegainpopularground.FredericClements’equilibriummodelofecologydevelopedinthe1930sseemedconsistentwithmountingenvironmentaldisasters.Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.

Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.

61.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthemainideaofthepassage?

62.Theauthorreferstotheequilibriummodelofecologyasan“ecologicalmystique”(line1,lastparagraph)mostlikelyinordertodowhichoneofthefollowing?

63.WhichoneofthefollowingpracticesismostclearlyanapplicationofFredericClements’equilibriummodelofecology?

64.ThepassagesuggeststheGeorgeP.Marshandtoday’secologicalreformerswouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatements?

65.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithwhichoneofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentshouldmotivateactiontopreventfurtherdamage.

B.TheecologicalmystiqueidentifiedwithFredericClementshasbecomeareligiousconvictionamongecologicalreformers.

C.Theviewsofecologistsandindustrialgrowthadvocatesconcerningtheenvironmenthaveonlyrecentlybecomepolarized.

D.GeorgeP.Marsh’sideasaboutconservationandstewardshiphaveheavilyinfluencedthepresentdebateovertheenvironment.

問題2選項

A.Expressappreciationforhowplantsandanimalsattainmaximumdiversityandstabilitywhenleftalone.

B.Pointoutthattheequilibriummodelofecologyhasrecentlybeensupportedbyempiricalscientificresearch.

C.Underscorethefervorwithwhichtwentieth-centuryreformersadheretotheequilibriummodel.

D.Indicatethattheideasoftwentieth-centuryecologicalreformersareoftensotheoreticalastobedifficulttounderstand.

問題3選項

A.Introducingaspeciesintoanenvironmenttowhichitisnotnativetohelpcontrolthespreadofanotherspeciesthatnolongerhasanynaturalpredators.

B.Settingareasoflandasidetobemaintainedaswildernessfromwhichtheuseorextractionofnaturalresourcesisprohibited.

C.Usingscientificmethodstoincreasesthestabilityofplantsandanimalsinareaswherespeciesareindangerofbecomingextinct.

D.Developingincentivesforindustriestotakecorrectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.

問題4選項

A.Regulatingindustriesinordertoprotecttheenvironmentdoesnotconflictwiththeself-interestofthoseindustries.

B.Solvingtheenvironmentalcrisisdoesnotrequiredrasticandcostlyremedies.

C.Environmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressareequallyimportantgoals.

D.HumandespoliationoftheEarthhascausedwidespreadenvironmentaldamage.

問題5選項

A.Outliningthebackgroundanddevelopmentofconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebate.

B.Explaininghowconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateareequallyvalid.

C.Determiningwhichoftwoconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateismorepersuasive.

D.Providingexamplesofpossiblesolutionstoacurrentcrisis.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“下列哪個選項最準確地陳述了文章的主要思想？”。文章第一段中指出Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.（新出現(xiàn)的是觀點的極端兩極分化；越來越多的證據(jù)表明人類有能力不可逆轉地破壞環(huán)境，再加上人們懷疑政府、工業(yè)甚至科學在防止環(huán)境破壞方面可能無能為力，這引起了環(huán)保主義者的指責性辯論），由此可知A項“越來越多的證據(jù)表明人類有能力破壞環(huán)境，應促使采取行動防止進一步的破壞”正確。B項“弗雷德里克?克萊門茨(FredericClements)所推崇的生態(tài)神秘感，已成為生態(tài)改革者的一種宗教信仰”，最后一段第一句提到Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.（生態(tài)平衡模式變成了一種生態(tài)的神秘性：環(huán)境干擾現(xiàn)在是荒野崇拜的禁忌），由此可知不是一種宗教信仰，B項錯誤；C項“生態(tài)學家和工業(yè)發(fā)展提倡者在環(huán)境問題上的觀點只在最近才變得兩極化”，only（只有）一詞用的不恰當，C項錯誤；D項“GeorgeP.Marsh關于環(huán)境保護和管理的觀點嚴重影響了目前關于環(huán)境的辯論”這只是一個例子，并不是通篇文章的主要意思，D項不選。因此該題選A。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者將生態(tài)學的平衡模型稱為’生態(tài)的奧秘’(最后一段第一行)最有可能是為了做以下哪一種？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.（環(huán)境干擾現(xiàn)在是荒野崇拜的禁忌；自然就像一件未完工的織物，由人類的聰明才智加以完善，已經(jīng)被技術所貶低和危及的自然形象所替代；啟蒙運動的自然觀認為，理性的管理者構建了一個更加美好的環(huán)境；與之相反，20世紀改革者的自然觀要求減少人類的干預，以恢復環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定。），由此可知，作者在這里指出有些改革太過于理論化而很難理解，所以D項“表明20世紀生態(tài)改革者的思想往往理論性太強，難以理解”正確。A項“對動植物在不受干擾的情況下如何獲得最大程度的多樣性和穩(wěn)定性表示贊賞”，根據(jù)第四段最后一句Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimaxtechnologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.（掠奪阻礙了這一高潮或縮短了這一有益的高潮的持續(xù)時間；技術并沒有改善自然，而是破壞了它）可知，作者是對這一掠奪表示反對，對自然表示惋惜，A項內(nèi)容理解錯誤；B項“指出生態(tài)學的平衡模型最近得到了實證科學研究的支持”，文中沒有提到；C項“強調(diào)20世紀改革者對均衡模型的狂熱”，文中內(nèi)容沒有提到改革者對均衡模型的狂熱，C項不選。因此該題選D。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“以下哪一個實踐是弗雷德里克?克萊門茨的生態(tài)平衡模型最明顯地的應用？”。文章第四段中指出Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.（從這個觀點來看，大自然最少改變的時候是最富有成效的；未受干擾的動植物群落逐漸獲得了最大的多樣性和穩(wěn)定性；掠奪阻礙了這一高潮或縮短了這一有益的高潮的持續(xù)時間：技術并沒有改善自然，而是破壞了它。），由此可以推斷B項“把一些土地劃出來作為荒野加以維護，禁止使用或開采自然資源”是這一生態(tài)平衡模型的應用；A項“將一個物種引入非本地物種的環(huán)境，以幫助控制另一個不再有天敵的物種的傳播”，將物種引入其他環(huán)境算是對自然的一種干擾，和生態(tài)平衡模型內(nèi)容不符合；C項“在物種瀕臨滅絕的地區(qū)，用科學的方法來增加動植物的穩(wěn)定性”和D項“制定企業(yè)激勵，采取糾正措施保護環(huán)境”也是人為的干擾，都不符合這一平衡模型的內(nèi)容。因此該題選B。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“文章表明，GeorgeP.Marsh和今天的生態(tài)改革者最有可能同意下列哪一種說法？”。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句話ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.（但沒有企業(yè)家或?qū)崢I(yè)家試圖反駁馬什的指控，他認為砍伐森林或屠殺野生動物在經(jīng)濟上是必要的，也沒有人認為他的生態(tài)警告是歇斯底里的）可知A項“為了保護環(huán)境而規(guī)范工業(yè)與這些工業(yè)的自身利益并不沖突”有提到；根據(jù)文章第三段第四句Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.（此外，糾正措施似乎不需要犧牲，不需要嚴厲的補救措施）可知B項“解決環(huán)境危機不需要激烈和昂貴的補救措施”有提到；根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens（馬什和他的追隨者把環(huán)境改善和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展視為既定事實）可知C項“環(huán)境改善和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是同樣重要的目標”也有提到；D項“人類對地球的掠奪造成了廣泛的環(huán)境破壞”，根據(jù)文章第二段第三句ManandNaturecastigatedEarthsdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”（《人與自然》譴責了地球的掠奪者，因為他們肆無忌憚的貪婪，宣稱人類“已經(jīng)使地球表面像月球表面一樣遭到了徹底的毀滅）和文章末段最后一句twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.（20世紀改革者的自然觀要求減少人類的干預，以恢復環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定）可推斷，Marsh和今天的生態(tài)改革者都同意人類的掠奪對自然造成破壞，所以D項符合，A、B、C選項都是Marsh那個時期的觀點，并不是當今生態(tài)改革者的觀點，所以A、B、C選項都不正確。因此該題選D。

65.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“這篇文章主要是關于下列哪一個？”。作者首段提到Thedebateovertheenvironmentalcrisisisnotnew:Anxietyaboutindustry’simpactontheenvironmenthasexistedforoveracentury.Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.（關于環(huán)境危機的爭論并不新鮮：對工業(yè)對環(huán)境影響的擔憂已經(jīng)存在了一個多世紀。新出現(xiàn)的是觀點的極端兩極分化。），由此可知，文章開篇提到當今面對環(huán)境的爭論出現(xiàn)了兩極化，然后下文通過很多的例子說明，一種過于理論化的論述是不合乎邏輯的，C項“確定當前辯論中兩個相互沖突的觀點中哪一個更有說服力”符合題意。A項“概述當前辯論中相互沖突的觀點的背景和發(fā)展”，概述背景和發(fā)展的目的是為了討論出兩個觀點哪一個更有說服力，所以A項是一個論述過程，因此不選；B項“解釋當前辯論中相互沖突的觀點如何同樣有效”也是討論的一個過程，不是文章的主要討論目的，B項不選；D項“為當前危機提供可能的解決方案”，文章并沒有給出合適的解決方案，D項錯誤。因此該題選C。

13.單選題

Lastweek29earnestAmericanhighschoolstudentswereinvitedtoaneveningofreceivinggoodwords,smalltalk,warmtoastsandfancysilverware.

“Findoutsomethingaboutthepersonsittingnexttoyou,”advisedformalUSsecretaryofStateMadeleineAlbright.“Eventually,you'lldiscovertheyalwayshavesomethinginterestingtosay.Andyoushouldalwaysusethepropersilverwareintheproperorder.”

AlbrightwastheguestofhonorattheimitatedOfficialdinner,whichwasalotlikearealofficialdinnerinWashingtonminusthesoftmoney.TheeveningwassponsoredbytheSt.AlbansSchoolofPublicServicestointroduceitsfirstclasstothefineartofsocialsurvival.Morethan84guests,includingstudents,teachers,schooldonorsandspeakersgatheredtoimitatethelifestyleoftherichandthepolitical.

Theideawastoteachthesocialgracesthatwillhelpstudentssurviveanysocialsituation.Anyway,thewholeproperforkthingisoverrated.FormalwhitehouseofficialC.BoydenGrayshareditstoptipsforsurvivingdinnerparties:“Drinkaslittleaspossibleuntilyougettodinner.“Don’tbethefirstpersonthereorthelastpersontoleave.”“Trytogetmoreoutofyourdinnerpartnersthantheygetoutofyou.”

EveryOfficialDinnerhasagreaterreasonforbeing.Statedinners,forexample,areeitheranopportunitytorewardemergingdemocraciesorstrengthenoldfriendships.

TheofficialdinnerwasintendedtoshowthestudentsaneleganteveninginWashington—partofthefour-weekintensivesummerprogramtoencouragepublicservice.Thestudentsarefrom13statesandtwoforeigncountries.

Theprogramincludesclassesonthepresidency,thecourts,themediaandinteractionalaffairs.Thestudentsalsodebatedpublicpolicyissues.“They’restillatitat10o’clockatnight”saiddirectorMaryWaikato.“That’sgoodpracticeforWashington,isn'tit?”

Sincetherewasnoband,Albrightofferedherselfupasthenight’sentertainer.Nosinging,butstoriesaboutherlifeindiplomacy.“Beingsecretaryofstateisthebestjobintheworld,”shesaid,“betterthanbeingpresident,becauseyoudon’thavetodealwiththeelections.”

1.Lastweekagroupofhighschoolstudentswereinvitedtothedinnerparty

（

）.

2.AccordingtoMadeleineAlbright,atanofficialdinner

（

）.

3.TheimitatedOfficialDinnerisdifferentfromtherealonesinthatthedinner（

）.

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Toseethelifestyleoftherichandpolitical

B.todiscussinternationalandpublicpolicyissues

C.tolearntosurviveindifferentsocialsituations

D.tolearntobecomethefutureleadersoftheWhiteHouse

問題2選項

A.weshouldgetmoreinformationaboutthehost

B.weshouldbesociablebytalkingwithothers

C.tablemannersarenotasimportantasconversing

D.weshouldlearntoentertainothersbytellingastory

問題3選項

A.couldnotgetthefinancialsupportaseasilyastherealones

B.washeldwithouttheparticipationofimportantpersons

C.didn'thaveasmanyguestsastherealones

D.hadnothingtodowithpoliticalandinternationalissues

問題4選項

A.therearesignificantdifferencesbetweentheOfficialDinnerandOtherdinnerparties

B.Americanstudentsliketoparticipateinpublicservicesverymuch

C.beingasecretaryofstateisthebest,evenbetterthanbeingapresident

D.thestudentswhowereinvitedtothedinnerpartywereenthusiasticabouttheprogram

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Theideawastoteachthesocialgracesthatwillhelpstudentssurviveanysocialsituation.（這個想法是為了教學生社交禮儀，以幫助學生應對任何社交情形）可知選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段描寫的是MadeleineAlbright給的建議：由Findoutsomethingaboutthepersonsittingnexttoyou（找出坐在你旁邊的那個人的一些情況）可知與A選項不符；由Andyoushouldalwaysusethepropersilverwareintheproperorder（而且你應該正確地使用你的餐具）可知與C選項不符；D選項原文沒有提及；由Eventually,you'lldiscovertheyalwayshavesomethinginterestingtosay（最終，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們總是有一些有趣的話要說）可知選B，在正式晚宴上我們應該善于與人交談。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中AlbrightwastheguestofhonorattheimitatedOfficialdinner,whichwasalotlikearealofficialdinnerinWashingtonminusthesoftmoney.（Albright是這場模仿正式宴會的貴賓，這種模仿宴會與華盛頓的正式宴會很相似，但不包括軟錢）可知這場模仿宴會與正式宴會的區(qū)別在于錢方面，因此選A。softmoney（軟錢）指在規(guī)則和聯(lián)邦選舉競選法之外籌集的政治資金，它一直是競選資金改革支持者的主要目標。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，可推測出參加此次模仿宴會的學生應該是對這個項目很熱衷的。

14.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmort