書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱科學(xué)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso￡groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive：knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道沒(méi)有了歡喜也沒(méi)了快樂(lè),沒(méi)有了焦慮也沒(méi)了恐懼,人們可能很難存活。他們有可能重復(fù)傷害自己的行為，卻認(rèn)為這是有益的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Theycouldnotlearn：theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因?yàn)闆](méi)有情感的世界里根本不存在獎(jiǎng)懲,所以人們無(wú)法學(xué)習(xí)。反之,如果因?yàn)樽隽苏_的事情而得到了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),那么人們就可能會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文內(nèi)容。

3.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀:因?yàn)闆](méi)有任何形式的激勵(lì)。所以,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴于享受激勵(lì)的能力。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面構(gòu)造了世界。作為個(gè)體，我們會(huì)根據(jù)自己的情緒來(lái)分類物品。由此可見,情感可以幫助我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.單選題

Hewassenttoanartschoolinthe____thathewastalentedindrawing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pre-mediation

B.prejudice

C.precipitation

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pre-mediation訴前調(diào)解B.prejudice偏見

C.precipitation降水；沉淀D.presumption假設(shè)；可能正確的事

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“他被送到一所藝術(shù)學(xué)?！?，后文內(nèi)容為“他在繪畫方面有天賦”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義邏輯，他因?yàn)橛欣L畫天賦所以被送進(jìn)了藝術(shù)學(xué)校。因此，D選項(xiàng)presumption“假設(shè)；可能正確的事”，符合語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】他被送進(jìn)了藝術(shù)學(xué)校因?yàn)椋议L(zhǎng)）以為他有繪畫天賦。

3.單選題

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutqualitycontrolproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorpOvernight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they’renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto.“Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,”saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and“thelackofredundancyinoursystem.”

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmuneresponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAvePasteur)—andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn’tmuchtheothercandoaboutit.“Avaccinemakercan’tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,”saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp,“there’sawholeindustrythat’sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime.”

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’InvivaC.hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

1.Shortagesoffluvaccineshowthat（

）.

2.Theword“cleared”(Line5,Paragraph3)mightmean（

）.

3.Privatecompanieshavelittleinterestinproducingfluvaccinesbecauseof（

）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluvaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.permitted

B.remove

C.proved

D.produced

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.complicatedprocess,highcost,lowprofitandhighrisk

B.shortagesoffertilizedchickeneggs

C.difficultyingrowinglivevirus

D.fastchangingoffluvirus

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmenthopestosolvetheproblembywayofvolunteerrestrictions

B.morethan47millionAmericanswhoarequalifiedtogetfluvaccineshotscannotgetthemthisyear

C.Americahastodealwithlimitedsupplyoffluvaccinesthisyear

D.normallyonlyasmallpercentageofAmericanpopulationgetsfluvaccineshotseachyear

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AllAmericansarepersuadednottogetvaccinatedthisyear.

B.Thebigproblemininnovatingfluvaccineproducingtechniqueishowtogrowvirusinanewway.

C.Morefluvaccinescannotbeproducedinashorttimebecauseprivatecompaniesrefusetoproducemore.

D.Fluvaccinesareeasierthanmostvaccinestoproducethroughcellcultures.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“‘Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,’saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and‘thelackofredundancyinoursystem.’‘這再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們疫苗供應(yīng)的脆弱性，’全國(guó)免疫信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的MartinMyers博士說(shuō)，‘我們的系統(tǒng)缺乏冗余。’”可知D項(xiàng)“流感疫苗的供應(yīng)相當(dāng)薄弱，美國(guó)也沒(méi)有后備措施來(lái)彌補(bǔ)”正確。

2.詞義題。由“oneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.有一種基于文化的產(chǎn)品(SolvayPharmaceuticals的Invivac)已經(jīng)獲準(zhǔn)在歐洲上市?！备鶕?jù)formarketinginEurope可以判斷出應(yīng)該是“得到官方批準(zhǔn)和允許”。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.為什么這樣一項(xiàng)基本的醫(yī)療服務(wù)如此容易被取消?主要是因?yàn)樗綘I(yíng)企業(yè)沒(méi)有動(dòng)力去追求它?！苯酉聛?lái)作者介紹了復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)工藝，“Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.利潤(rùn)空間狹窄，需求變化無(wú)常，而且由于每年的流感病毒不同，任何剩余的疫苗都被浪費(fèi)了?！惫蔄項(xiàng)“流程復(fù)雜、成本高、利潤(rùn)低、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.政府估計(jì)，根據(jù)上周末宣布的自愿限制措施，仍有9500萬(wàn)人有資格注射疫苗。這幾乎是診所現(xiàn)有劑量的兩倍，但正常年份只有6000萬(wàn)美國(guó)人尋求注射?！笨芍呙绗F(xiàn)有劑量只有9500萬(wàn)的一半，即4700多萬(wàn)。故還有4700多萬(wàn)有資格注射疫苗的人無(wú)法得到注射。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第三段“Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.更新的技術(shù)正在研發(fā)中，專家們希望今年的失敗將加快創(chuàng)新的步伐。主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將生產(chǎn)從卵細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)——一種已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大多數(shù)其他疫苗的培養(yǎng)基?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新流感疫苗生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的最大問(wèn)題是如何以新的方式培養(yǎng)病毒”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“所有的美國(guó)人被勸說(shuō)今年不要接種疫苗”與文中提到的“2-64歲的健康人群不用接種”不符。C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗綘I(yíng)企業(yè)拒絕生產(chǎn)更多的流感疫苗，所以更多的流感疫苗無(wú)法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出來(lái)”與文中提到的“疫苗生產(chǎn)操作的難度大導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)商無(wú)法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)更多流感疫苗”不符。D項(xiàng)“流感疫苗比大多數(shù)通過(guò)細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的疫苗更容易生產(chǎn)?！迸c文中的“Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將生產(chǎn)從卵細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)——一種已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大多數(shù)其他疫苗的培養(yǎng)基。用這種方法生產(chǎn)流感疫苗比大多數(shù)疫苗都難?！辈环?。

4.單選題

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我們每天晚上都看電視。晚飯后,我們就會(huì)躺在媽媽的床上,再看幾個(gè)小時(shí)電視?！笨芍髡呙刻旆艑W(xué)后花了很多時(shí)間看電視。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、媽媽住在底特律一所骯臟的多戶住宅里?！笨芍髡邅?lái)自于單親家庭。故B項(xiàng)正確?！癘urmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我們的母親只上完了三年級(jí)。但她比我們男孩當(dāng)時(shí)所知道的要聰明得多。她注意到在她打掃書籍的郊區(qū)房子里有一些東西?！笨芍髡叩哪赣H接受的教育很少，并且是個(gè)清潔工，故C、D項(xiàng)正確。題干問(wèn)的是哪一項(xiàng)不正確，故選答案A。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，關(guān)掉電視，讓我們坐下來(lái)，解釋說(shuō)她的兒子們將要做些改變?！笨芍髡吣赣H讓他倆讀書的態(tài)度是十分堅(jiān)決的。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以沒(méi)過(guò)多久，就有兩個(gè)脾氣暴躁的男孩坐在她那輛1959年產(chǎn)的白色奧茲莫比爾汽車上，準(zhǔn)備去底特律公共圖書館。我不情愿地在兒童讀物間徘徊?！笨芍麄兊谝淮稳D書館是不情愿的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.當(dāng)時(shí)我并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，但這種體驗(yàn)與看電視完全不同?！笨芍髡弋?dāng)時(shí)并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到書本給他帶來(lái)的新體驗(yàn)。故D項(xiàng)“他意識(shí)到書籍給他帶來(lái)全新的體驗(yàn)”不正確。

5.單選題

InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed;notlettinganyofthefoodfallofftheplate:usingtheknifeonlyforcutting;andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.Inotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeating,buttheyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.Indeed,whatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.InArabia,forinstance,thepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthattheyhaveappreciatedit.

ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,however,toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.Tablesandchairshavereplacedthecushionsofthepast,andtheladyofthehousepresidesatoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.ManyJapanese,however,stillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlesstheyweresittingonacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexistsidebyside.

IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountries,althoughtheyarenotsomarked.InNorthAmericaitispolitetocutupmeatandthenputtheknifedown,taketheforkintherighthandandeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeople,liketheBritish,keeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetimewhentheyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinavia(Norway,Sweden,DenmarkandIceland)specialknivesandforksareusedforeatingfish.InFrance,BelgiumandItaly,however,itiscorrecttokeepthesame,knifeforeverycourse,wipingitonapieceofbread.

Drinkingcustomsattablealsovaryindifferentcountries.InEurope,water,wineorbeerisdrunkwithmeatsandcoffeeorteaistakenafterwards.InNorthAmericaabeveragesuchascoffee,teaormilkisdrunkwithmeals.

Tablemannersofcoursehavechangedwithtime.Theearliestmealswerealsothesimplest.Theywereeatensittingonthegroundroundafire,andeveryonetookhisfoodfromapotonthefireorcutbitsfromtheanimalorbirdthathadbeencooked.Thewomenwaitedonthewarriorsandafterwardsatewhattheyleft.

Fingerswereusedtocutfoodthroughoutthemiddleages.Foodwaseatenoffwoodendisheswiththenoblemensittingabovethesalt.Theordinarypeoplesatbelowthesalt.InthereignofHenryVII(1509?1547),peoplewerestilleatingwiththeirhandsaftercuttingthefoodwithaclaspknifewhichwasalwayscachedatthebelt.ForkswerenotusedinEnglanduntilthe17thcentury.

1.Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthepassage?

2.TheBritishpeople（）.

3.Howtouseaknifewhileeatingis（）.

4."Sittingabovethesalt"isthelastparagraphprobablymeans（）.

5.Fromthepassage,weknowthattablemanners（）.

6.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthatthewealthierandwell-educatedpeopleintheeast（）.

7.Inparagraph3,line1theword"they"refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.SomeslightdifferencebetweentablemannersdonotexisttheWest.

B.ForkswerebedinEnglandbeforethe17thcentury.

C.Tablemannersandcustomsaredifferentfromcountrytocountry

D.SittingonacushionbeforeatableiscommonintheEast.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.considerbelchingloudlyanimpolitetablemanner

B.appreciatethetablemannersinmanyotherpartsoftheworld

C.usedforksmorethanthousandyearsago

D.takefoodfromthetable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.astandardofgoodtablemanners

B.neverusedinNorthAmerica

C.differentamongWesterncountries

D.notaprobleminBritain

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sittingonasaltcellar

B.sittingabovethesaltcellarwithlegsapart

C.beingthemostdistinguishedguest

D.saltusedtobeseatsinBritain

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.changeverylittlethroughtheages

B.changewithtime.

C.areactuallythesameamongthecountries

D.areextremelyimportant

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.paymoreattentiontotablemanners

B.strictlysticktotheirtraditionaltablemanners

C.adoptWesterntablemanners

D.havetheirowntablemanners

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.differences

B.tablemanners

C.variouscountries

D.Westernpeople

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是各國(guó)之間不同的餐桌禮儀和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

2.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,在其他一些國(guó)家被認(rèn)為是好的餐桌禮儀卻是英國(guó)人竭力避免的,比如,在阿拉伯人們?cè)谘鐣?huì)上用手指拿起食物,并大聲打嗝,以示感謝。由此可知,英國(guó)人認(rèn)為大聲打嗝是一種不禮貌的餐桌禮儀,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,不同的國(guó)家有不同的餐桌禮儀。接下來(lái)作者分別列舉了北美,英國(guó)以及歐洲其他國(guó)家使用刀叉的不同習(xí)俗,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)原文noblemen和ordinarypeople相對(duì)應(yīng),sittingabovethesalt和satbelowthesalt相對(duì)應(yīng),說(shuō)明地位高的人和地位低的人被區(qū)別對(duì)待。sittingabovethesalt指坐上席,所有選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)第五段第一句“Tablemannersofcoursehavechangedwithtime.”餐桌禮儀隨著時(shí)間的推移而改變。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第二段第一句“ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,however,toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.”可知,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.根據(jù)原文句意：在西方,不同的國(guó)家有不同的餐桌禮儀,雖然沒(méi)有那么明顯。這里的“they”指代的是“differences”,說(shuō)明差異不明顯,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.單選題

TheTacoma'sexecutivedirectorandthreeportcommissionerswillbeinChinanextweekto_______advicefromworldportexpertsonimprovinginlandtransportationsystems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminate

B.disperse

C.differentiate

D.glean

【答案】D

【解析】discriminate歧視,區(qū)別；disperse（使）分散,疏散；differentiate區(qū)別,區(qū)分;glean收集。句意：塔科馬港執(zhí)行董事和三名港務(wù)專員將于下周訪問(wèn)中國(guó)，聽取世界港口專家關(guān)于改善內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的建議。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Inselectingamaterial,theengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.towhich

C.inwhich

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：該工程師在選擇材料時(shí)關(guān)注它的性能，其決定自身在負(fù)載和受限制的情況下將如何表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theloadsandcondition”可知關(guān)系代詞“where”不符合，再由subject一般構(gòu)成“besubjectto受制于”的固定搭配知B項(xiàng)“towhich”正確。

8.單選題

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】句意:老年俄羅斯公民發(fā)現(xiàn)，依靠國(guó)家的養(yǎng)老金生活很艱難。

考查名詞辨析。pension養(yǎng)老金；earning收益；工資；salary薪水；donation捐贈(zèng)；捐款。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayorofthecity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presumed

B.proposed

C.presented

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presumed“假定，推測(cè)”；B選項(xiàng)proposed“建議，打算”；C選項(xiàng)presented“提出，呈遞”；D選項(xiàng)presided“主持，擔(dān)任會(huì)議主席”。句意：會(huì)議由該市市長(zhǎng)（）。本句表示“會(huì)議由市長(zhǎng)主持”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Thespaceprojectrequiresmoremoneythan______becauseitneedsthemostmodernandadvancedequipmentwhichisextremelyexpensive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeputin

B.tohavebeenputin

C.puttingin

D.havingputit

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tobeputin被投入B.tohavebeenputin被投入

C.puttingin投入D.havingputit把它

【考查點(diǎn)】比較級(jí)的用法。

【解題思路】空格處為被比較部分，前面提到“太空計(jì)劃需要的資金比……更多”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，可知是“比投入的更多”，需要用到完成時(shí)；而money和putin之間為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)，不符合句子意思；

C、D選項(xiàng)表示主動(dòng)，排除。

【句意】太空計(jì)劃需要的資金比投入的要多，因?yàn)樗枰瞵F(xiàn)代和最先進(jìn)的設(shè)備，這是極其昂貴的。

11.單選題

Ms.Breenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe___witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accepted“公認(rèn)的；被認(rèn)可的，被接受的（被大多數(shù)人接受的觀點(diǎn)是正確的或合理的）”；B選項(xiàng)admitted“公認(rèn)的；被承認(rèn)了的（承認(rèn)自己曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情）”；C選項(xiàng)admired“被贊美的；被欽佩的”；D選項(xiàng)acquainted“熟識(shí)的；知曉的；有知識(shí)的”。句意：布林女士只在城里住了一年，但似乎每個(gè)來(lái)店里的人都很___她。本句表達(dá)“雖然布林女士在城里居住時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，但似乎每個(gè)來(lái)店里的人都很贊美她”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Youhavemadethemistakeofthinkingthathisbehavioris（

）;actually,veryfewofhisgroupbehavethatwayhedoes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generic

B.viable

C.idiosyncratic

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。generic“一般的”；viable“可行的，能養(yǎng)活的”；idiosyncratic“特殊的，特質(zhì)的”；soporific“催眠的”。句意：你認(rèn)為他的行為很普通，實(shí)際上，他們小組其他成員都不會(huì)像他那樣做。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Itwasnot（

）shetookoffherglasses（

）Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.when;that

B.until;that

C.until;when

D.when;then

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。notuntil…that表示“直到……才……”，放進(jìn)本句中表示“直到她摘下眼鏡，我才認(rèn)出她是著名影星”。

14.單選題

Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamakeupexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparents（）atthetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeenill

B.wereill

C.wouldhavebeenill

D.shouldhavebeenill

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。句子是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,

但“父母病了”是客觀事實(shí),

故不需要用虛擬形式hadbeen,

直接用過(guò)去式即可,

選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.單選題

Manyproducts,includingprescriptiondrugs,areregulatedbythefederalgovernment.However,thestateshavelawsthatallowinjuredconsumerstosueamanufacturer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complain

B.charge

C.execute

D.punish

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.complain埋怨，發(fā)牢騷B.charge控告，起訴

C.execute（尤指依法）處決；實(shí)行，執(zhí)行D.punish對(duì)……判罪

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】sue的意思為“控告，提起訴訟”，這里指各州的法律允許消費(fèi)者起訴制造商，charge的詞義與之相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】許多產(chǎn)品，包括處方藥，都由聯(lián)邦政府監(jiān)管。然而，各州的法律允許權(quán)益受到侵害的消費(fèi)者起訴制造商。

16.單選題

TomLandryisoneofthemostsuccessfulfootballcoachesinNationalFootballLeaguehistoryandhewasknownforhis（

）mannerandfiercecompetitiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unruffled

B.brutal

C.suspicious

D.tender

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Unruffled意為“平靜的，鎮(zhèn)定的，沉著的”；brutal意為“野蠻的”；suspicious意為“可疑的，不信任的”；tender意為“和善的，溫柔的”。

句意：湯姆?蘭德里是國(guó)際足球聯(lián)盟歷史上最成功的足球教練之一，他以沉著冷靜和激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而聞名。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughouthistory.(21)（）evidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate(22)（）fish.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeatcertaintimesinhistory.Intheeighteenthcentury,forinstance,ifapersonwas(23)（）“stealingsalt”,hecouldbeputinprison.Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinprisonduringthatcentury(24)（）stealingsalt.

Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses(25)（）thediningtable.Itisusedinmakingglassandairplaneparts,inthe(26)（）ofcropsandinkillingweeds.Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto(27)（）colorsincloth.Saltcanbeobtainedinvariousways,besidesbeingtakenfromminesunderground.Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthe(28)（）commonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbet