書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川司法警官職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theystoodatthetopofthemountainandviewedthebeautiful（）.

問題1選項

A.lapse

B.landscape

C.layout

D.locality

【答案】B

【解析】lapse小錯,過失；landscape風景；layout布局,設計；locality地點,位置。句意：他們站在山頂欣賞美麗的風景。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Betty,though（

）inmostthings,spentalotofmoneyonclothes.

問題1選項

A.economical

B.economic

C.excessive

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】根據though可以推斷,前后形成對比,表達意思相反,所以應填入economical節(jié)儉的,選項A正確。

3.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythatthey

represent.

問題1選項

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實的小說，都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively（）bytheuseofhumor.

問題1選項

A.acquainted

B.installed

C.regulated

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。acquaint“使熟悉”；install“安裝”；regulate“調節(jié)”；facilitate“促進”。句意：幽默可以有效促進職場員工的凝聚力發(fā)展和團隊合作意識。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Cultureistransmittedlargelybylanguageandbythenecessityforpeopleinclosecontacttocooperate.Themoreextensivethecommunicationsnetwork,thegreatertheexchangeofideasandbeliefsandthemorealikepeoplebecome—intolerationofdiversityifnothingelse.Membersofacultureoranationaregenerallyinclosercontactwithoneanotherthanwithmembersofotherculturesornations.Theybecomemorelikeeachotherandmoreunlikeothers.Inthisway,theredevelops“nationalcharacter”，whichisthestatisticaltendencyforagroupofpeopletosharevaluesandfollowsimilarbehaviorpatterns.

Frequently,themembersofoneculturewillinterpretthe“nationalcharacteristics”ofanothergroupintermsoftheirownvalues.Forexample,theinhabitantsofaSouthPacificislandmaybeconsidered“l(fā)azy”bycitizensofsomeindustrializednations.Ontheotherhand,itmaybethattheislandersplaceagreatvalueonsocialrelationshipsbutlittlevalueon“productivity”，andcropsgrowwithlittleattention.Thenegativeconnotationofthelabel“l(fā)azy”isthusunjustifiedfromthepointofviewoftheislandculture.

Stereotypes,suchas“l(fā)azy”，“inscrutable,”and“dishonest”givepeoplethesecurityoflabelswithwhichtoreacttoothersinasuperficialway,buttheyaredamagingtorealunderstandingamongmembersofdifferentcultures.Peoplereactmoretolabelsthantoreality.AblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer,forinstance,isconsideredandcalledawhitemanbyblackAfricans.The“we-they”distinctionappliestowhatevercharacteristicthe“wes’’haveandthe“theys’’donothave—andthecharacteristicsattributedtothe“theys”areusuallyoneswithanegativevalue.

Thedistinctionbecomesmostobviousintimesofconflict.Forthisreason,itisoftensuggestedtheonlythingthatmightjoinallmentogetheronthisplanetwouldbeaninvasionfromouterspace.“We”，theearthlings,wouldthenfight“them”，theoutsiders.

Giventhegreatdiversities—realandimagined—amongpeopleoftheworld,isthereanyfoundationforhopethatsomedayallmenmightjointogethertoformasingleandlegitimateworldgovernment?Theoutcomewillprobablydependonthepoliticalevolutionofmankind.

1.Whatmakespeoplemoretolerantofdiversitybetweendifferentgroups?

2.“Nationalcharacter”isbuiltamongpeoplewho（

）.

3.Tosomeindustrializednations,thementionedSouthPacificislandersare

（

）.

4.Withstereotypes,peopletendto

（

）.

5.WhatistrueabouttheblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer?

6.Itispossibletoformasingleandlegitimateworldgovernmentonlywhen（

）.

問題1選項

A.Extensivecommunications.

B.Languagedevelopment.

C.Closecooperation.

D.Directinteractions.

問題2選項

A.likeeachother

B.sharethesamevalues

C.speakthesamelanguage

D.thinkinthesameway

問題3選項

A.idle

B.carefree

C.inefficient

D.well-organized

問題4選項

A.reacttoeachotheronaregularbasis

B.seedifferentculturesindifferentways

C.taketheirowncultureasthebestofall

D.describeothercultureswithlabels

問題5選項

A.HewaswrongedbyhisfellowAfricanAmericans.

B.Hewasconsideredasadistinguishedvolunteer.

C.Hewasdiscriminatedagainstbythewhites.

D.HewasexcludedfromtheblackAfricans.

問題6選項

A.peoplearewillingtoabandontheir“nationalcharacter”

B.peopleofdifferentnationsholdsimilarpoliticalviews

C.humanbeingsasawholehaveonecommonenemy

D.humanbeingsareabletocontactbeingsinouterspace.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段第二句。“Themoreextensivethecommunicationsnetwork,thegreatertheexchangeofideasandbeliefsandthemorealikepeoplebecome…（交際網絡越廣泛，思想和信仰的交流就越多，人與人之間的相似之處也就越多。）”，從而得出本題答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干信息。可將信息點定位至原文第一段最后一句?！癐nthisway,theredevelops‘nationalcharacter,’whichisthestatisticaltendencyforagroupofpeopletosharevaluesandfollowsimilarbehaviorpatterns（這樣，就形成了“民族性”，這是一群人分享價值觀和遵循相似行為模式的統(tǒng)計趨勢）”，即可得出本題答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段?！癋orexample,theinhabitantsofaSouthPacificislandmaybeconsidered‘lazy’by...（例如，南太平洋島嶼的居民可能被認為是“懶惰的”……）”，從而得出本題答案。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第三段第一句。根據“givepeoplethesecurityoflabelswithwhichtoreacttoothers（給人們安全的標簽，讓他們對他人做出反應）”，即可得出本題答案。

5.細節(jié)推斷題。根據題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第三段第三句。根據“AblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer,forinstance,isconsideredandcalledawhitemanbyblackAfricans.（例如，美國和平隊的黑人志愿者被非洲黑人認為是白人，并被稱為白人。）”即可得出本題答案。

6.細節(jié)推斷題。根據題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文最后一段?！癟heoutcomewillprobablydependonthepoliticalevolutionofmankind.（其結果可能將取決于人類的政治演變。）”從而得出本題答案。

6.單選題

Theprimeminister’sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsucha(an)（

）thathisgovernmentfell.

問題1選項

A.sensation

B.upheaval

C.withdrawal

D.outbreak

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項sensation“轟動”；B選項upheaval“動亂，劇變”；C選項withdrawal“撤退”；D選項outbreak“爆發(fā)”。

句意：首相的新稅提案造成了如此大的動蕩，以至于他的政府垮臺了。根據下文的內容可知，選項B更符合語境。

7.翻譯題

Itisalsoclearfromhisaccountwhoisresponsibleformisrepresentingthisthreat:themediaandpoliticians.Thoughoutthiswork,hescoldsboth.Politicians,wearetold,“amplifythethreatfortheirownpoliticalgainsandmisleadthepublicintomisunderstandingterrorismandpreferappearingtoughonterrorismtoeffectivelycombatingitathome”.Hearguesthatmediareportingissignificantlyflawedandhystericalandsuggeststhatthemediaandpoliticiansseldompassupanyopportunitytomanipulateandsensationalizenewsevents.ThecombinationofthesetwofactorsisagreatinflationoftheterroristtheatintheUnitedStates,resultinginpopularhysteria.ThefocusonthethreattotheWestisunderstandableinsomeways—itisthethreattoone’sownstatethatthemediaandpoliticiansareconcernedwithandattempttomitigate.

【答案】【參考譯文】

從他的描述中也可以清楚地看出，是誰歪曲了這一威脅：媒體和政客。在這篇文章中，他斥責了兩者。他說，政客們?yōu)榱俗约旱恼卫娑糯笸{，誤導公眾對恐怖主義產生誤解，比起在國內有效打擊恐怖主義，他們更愿（僅僅）表現(xiàn)出一副強硬態(tài)度。他認為媒體報道有明顯的缺陷且很滑稽，并暗示媒體和政客很少錯過任何操縱和渲染新聞事件的機會。這兩個因素結合在一起大大地夸大了美國的恐怖主義威脅，導致了大眾的談虎色變。對西方的威脅的關注度在某種程度上是可以理解的——媒體和政客們關注并試圖減輕的是對自己國家的威脅。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

世界銀行預計，美元將在2025年喪失單一統(tǒng)治地位，而歐元與人民幣將在一個“多種貨幣并存”的新型貨幣體系中確立平起平坐的地位。

失去這種轉變的將是新興市場經濟體日益增強的實力與優(yōu)勢，其中有6個國家——巴西、印度、中國、印尼、俄羅斯和韓國一將在2025年占據全球增長總量一半以上。根據世行周二發(fā)布的一份報告，從現(xiàn)在起至2025年，新興經濟體將以每年4.7%的速度增長，遠遠快于同期發(fā)達經濟體2.3%的年增速?！叭蛟鲩L與投資的天平將向發(fā)展中或新興經濟體傾斜，”報告主要作者曼蘇爾.戴拉米(MansoorDailami)表示，這種轉變意義深遠。戴拉米稱，例如，這種實力轉移將大力推動投資流入驅動全球増長的國家，跨境并購活動將顯著增加。

企業(yè)界的格局也將發(fā)生變化一“你會看到老牌跨國企業(yè)將不再占據統(tǒng)治地位?！?/p>

此外，一種不同的國際貨幣體系將逐漸形成。美元作為世界主要儲備貨幣的地位將告終?！懊涝斍暗闹鲗У匚粚⒃?025年前消失，被一種以美元、歐元和人民幣為中心的貨幣體系所取代，這三種貨幣都將發(fā)揮成熟國際貨幣的作用，報告指出。報告還介紹了15年后貨幣市場“最可能”出現(xiàn)的三種情形。報告認為歐元是美元最“可信”的對手，但有一個問題需要留意。“歐元的地位必將增強，只要歐元能夠成功化解多個成員國目前面臨的主權債務危機，并能夠避免與歐洲成員國相關的道德風險問題?！?/p>

對于中國，報告指出，官方通過發(fā)展離岸人民幣市場和鼓勵人民幣在國際貿易結算和計價中的使用，已經啟動了人民幣的“國際化”進程。“人民幣角色的提升，將有助于解決中國在全球舞臺上的強大經濟實力和中國仍嚴重依賴外國貨幣這兩者之間的脫節(jié)?！笔佬惺紫洕鷮W家林毅表示，世行描繪出的情形意味著金融機構必須“盡快適應，跟上形勢。”

【答案】TheWorldBankpredictsthedollarwillloseasingledominantpositionin2025,whiletheeuroandtheRMBwillestablishanequalfootingpositioninanew“multicurrency”monetarysystem.

Itwillbetheincreasingstrengthandadvantageofemergingeconomythatlossthiskindofshift,including6countries—Brazil,India,China,Indonesia,RussiaandKoreain2025willoccupymorethanhalfofthetotalglobalgrowth.AccordingtoaWorldBankreportreleasedTuesday,fromnowuntil2025,emergingeconomieswillincreasebytherateof4.7%,ismuchfasterthandevelopedeconomyatthesameperiodwhoseannualgrowthrateis2.3%.“Thebalanceofglobalgrowthandinvestmentwillinclinetodevelopingoremergingeconomies”theauthorsofthereport,MansoorDailamisaidthatthesignificanceofthischangeisprofound.Dailamisaid,forexample,thisshiftinpowerwillvigorouslypromoteinvestmentflowstothecountriesdrivingglobalgrowth,cross-bordermergersandacquisitionswillincreasesignificantly.Thecorporatelandscapewillchangeand“youwillseethefamousmultinationalenterpriseswillnolongeroccupythedominantposition.”

Inaddition,adifferentinternationalmonetarysystemwillbegraduallyformed.Thedollarastheworld'smainreservecurrencywillend.“Thedominanceofthedollarwilldisappearin2025,beingreplacedbytheDollar,EuroandRMBasthecenterofthemonetarysystem,thisthreekindsofcurrencywillallplayamatureinternationalcurrencyrole,suggestedbythereport.Thereportalsopointedoutthree“mostlikely”kindsofsituationsoncurrencymarketsin15years.Thereportsaysthattheeurowillbethemost“credible”opponentsofdollar,butthereisaproblemneedingattention.“Aslongastheeurocansuccessfullyresolvethemaindebtcrisisencounteredbymultiplemembers,andavoidthemoralhazardproblemassociatedwiththeEuropeanmembers,itsstatuscanbestrengthened”.

ForChina,thereportpointedoutthatofficialhaslaunchedthe“internationalization”oftheprocessofRMBthroughexploringtheoffshoreRMBmarketandencouragingtheuseofRMBininternationaltradesettlementandvaluation.“ThepromotionoftheroleofRMBwouldhelpsolvethediscrepancybetweenChina’sstrongeconomicstrengthintheworldstageandthehighrelianceontheforeigncurrencies.”theeconomistoftheWorldBankchiefLinYisaidthatthesituationpresentedbytheworldbankmeansthatfinancialinstitutionsmust“adaptassoonaspossible,keepupwiththesituation”.

9.單選題

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora“teach-in”honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfheartedand—anothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon’thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909.Thatyear,Lincoln’slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasuryCommunitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountyeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lecturesandmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfulnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI’mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto“reassess”thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict—nosurprise—wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-feelyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as“nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortablewithambiguity.”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall!”

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic—approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We’vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincoln,theemancipatorandtheracist,thestoicphilosopher,theChristian,theatheist—LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What’softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializersfromacenturyago—and,throughthem,Lincolnhimself—haveleftusthehintofwheretofindhim.TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe’veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

26.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebration,isinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（）.

27.Accordingthepassagewhatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentformthisyear’s?

28.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecounter-conference（）.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（）.

30.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen

B.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909

C.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled

D.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued

問題2選項

A.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

問題3選項

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars

B.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions

D.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective

問題4選項

A.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes

B.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln

C.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship

D.conformstotraditionalimages

問題5選項

A.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

B.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】26、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞“inadequateandevenhalfhearted”定位到本文第二段，可知本段是指今年的慶祝是不夠的，甚至有點三心二意。再根據第三段主要講述為什么今年的慶祝是不夠的，由第三段第一句話“Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909”（將今年的慶?；顒优c1909年的林肯誕生100周年進行比較），然后本段主要介紹了1909年的慶祝活動的盛大，所以可知今年的慶祝不夠是因為與1909年相比，是遠遠不夠的，因此B選項符合題意；A選項沒有原文依據；C、D選項都是今年慶?；顒記]有，而1909年有的具體表現(xiàn)，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

27、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由26題也可知今年與1909年的慶?；顒硬煌氖菓c祝的種類與規(guī)模，即本文的第三段介紹了有哪些不同，因此B選項符合題意。A選項“為紀念林肯而建造的建筑物”是屬于慶祝的規(guī)模與范疇的；C選項說法錯誤，即使是今天，人們也無法用語言描述出林肯的偉大；D選項沒有原文依據。因此B選項正確。

28、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as‘nonjudgmental,’‘unmoralistic,’‘comfortablewithambiguity’”（這位目睹了我們歷史上最野蠻的戰(zhàn)爭的人，被他的崇拜者描述為——請記住——“不偏不倚”“不講道德”“喜歡模棱兩可”）可知反會議上學者為林肯做的畫像，傳遞出關于林肯負面的內容，即導致了對林肯類似的貶低的言論，所以B選項與其相對應。A、C、D選項均說法錯誤，與B選項意義相反，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

29、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞“imageofLincoln”可定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話“ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage”，后面是一些作家對林肯的形象的制造，總之是很混亂的，包括幽默家、解放者等，所以林肯的形象揭示了當前對英雄的各種不同看法，因此A選項說法正確。B、C、D選項沒有原文依據。

30、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】總結歸納題。由題干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句話“HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus”（這就是林肯，他可以不斷地被更新，在他出生200年后，他仍然保留著更新我們的權力）可知人們對林肯的形象有不同的解釋與更新，但是盡管時間流逝，林肯的偉大仍然存在，最后一段主要強調林肯的偉大不會消失且一直在影響著人們。最后一段沒有提到紀念碑的內容，A選項排除；C選項體現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段，題干問的是最后一段；D選項沒有原文依據，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Eventhoughstrongevidencehasprovedthenicotinetobe（

）,thetobaccocompanystillinsiststhatitsproductsareharmless.

問題1選項

A.soluble

B.deficient

C.addictive

D.skeptical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。soluble“可溶解的；可解決的”；deficient“不足的；有缺陷的”；addictive“使人上癮的”；skeptical“懷疑的”。句意：盡管有力的證據已經證明尼古丁能讓人上癮，但是煙草公司仍然堅持它是無害的。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thatevennewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetic,history,geography,etc.,isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren.

Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledge,judgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreater,notasmallerfactor,thanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise.

1.Intheauthor’sview,thebasicfaultofoldeducationconsistsin（）.

2.Theauthoragitatesreformsinthe（）.

3.Itseemsthatneweducationalistsfavor（）.

4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

問題1選項

A.theinadequatesupplyofspecificsubjectsandprograms

B.thepoorimaginativecapacitiesofeducators

C.providinginflexibleeducationalconditions

D.makingpupilsreadtextbookswithoutdatedcontent

問題2選項

A.oldsubject-mattertofollowtechnologicaladvances

B.staleteachingmaterialsandteachingmethods

C.prescribedtextbooksandunchangingsystems

D.generalconsentaboutmultipurposetextbooks

問題3選項

A.teachingpupilsaccordingtoeachone’stalent

B.introducingthelatestinformationtotheyouth

C.renderinginstructionclosetopupils’experiences

D.supplementingalltextbookswithfreshmaterials4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

問題4選項

A.therigidschoolcurriculaarethoroughlytransformed

B.thenegativeeffectofoldeducationisonlypartlyrecognized

C.thetraditionalsubject-mattertotallysubstitutesfornewone

D.thereplacementofunvaryingcourseswithflexibleonesfails5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

問題5選項

A.educatorsdiscardtheirliabilityforthebeing-educated

B.teachershavesoundjudgmenttomaketherightchoice

C.instructorshelpestablishconditionsfavorabletopupils’growth

D.schoolmastersfunctionasequalco-operatorsinajointbusiness

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干：在作者看來，舊教育的基本錯誤在于_____。根據關鍵詞“basicfault”和“oldeducation”可以定位到文章第一段Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.（舊的和傳統(tǒng)的教育的本質弱點不僅僅是它強調提供明確的主題和活動的必要性。這些東西對于任何可以被稱為教育的東西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺點和不幸是，他們的想象力不能超越為學生提供一個固定的、僵化的學習環(huán)境，而且他們的學習來源與學生的經歷相距甚遠。），B選項“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表達的意思。A選項“特定科目和課程供應不足”和C選項“提供固定的教育條件”，和原文表達的意思沖突，D選項“讓學生閱讀內容過時的課本”在文中并沒有提及，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

2.事實細節(jié)題。題干：作者在_________上鼓勵改革。根據題干可以定位到文章第一段第四句話Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.（新教育所需要的是更多的關注，而不是更少的關注素材和技術的進步。），可知A選項“跟隨技術進步的老題材”符合題意。B選項“陳舊的教材和教學方法”，C選項“規(guī)定的教科書和不變的系統(tǒng)”和D選項“對多用途教科書的普遍認可”在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干：新的教育學家似乎更青睞_________。根據題干可以定位到文章第一段Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;（新教育所需要的是更多的關注，而不是更少的關注素材和技術的進步。但是，當我說“更多”的時候，我并不是指同樣的數(shù)量上的“更多”。我指的是一種富有想象力的愿景，認為沒有現(xiàn)成的計劃可以確定最能促進每個年輕人教育成長的確切主題；），原文表達的意思是沒有固定的教材可以促進每個年輕人的成長，不同的年輕人應該使用不同的教育素材，因此A選項“因材施教”，符合題意。B選項“向青年介紹最新的信息”，C選項“貼近學生的經驗進行教學”，D選項“用新材料補充所有教科書”，均不符合原文意思，所以本題的正確答案是A選項。

4.細節(jié)推理題。題干：如果_________，將有形成教育空白的風險。根據關鍵詞“educationalblank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.（如果我們不能比傳統(tǒng)教育提供一個主題更豐富、更多樣和靈活的主體的正確方向，不能在事實上比傳統(tǒng)教育更加明確，不能判斷針對這些教育的經驗，針對任何發(fā)生的事情，我們都將可能形成教育空白。），D選項“用靈活的課程替代不變的課程失敗了”說法與句意一致。A選項“僵化的學校課程被徹底改變了”與句意相反。B選項“舊教育的負面影響只被部分認識到”，在文中沒有提及，說法無根據。C選項“傳統(tǒng)的題材完全取代了新的題材”與句意相反。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。

5.主旨大意題。題干：只要_________，學生們就可以很好地防范不良的社會影響。根據題干可以定位到文章第二段Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.（不管我們愿意與否，年輕人都生活在某種環(huán)境中，而這種環(huán)境不斷地與兒童和青少年帶給它的東西相互影響，其結果是他們的興趣、心智和性格的塑造——是受教育的或者是受誤導的。如果自詡的教育家放棄判斷和選擇在他的理解下有利于成長的環(huán)境的責任，那么年輕人就會任由現(xiàn)代社會環(huán)境中所有無組織的、隨意的力量擺布，只要他們活著，這些力量就不可避免地會對他們產生影響。），所以只有教育者判斷和選擇對年輕人有利的環(huán)境，才能避免他們受到不良的影響，B選項“老師有足夠的判斷力來做出正確的選擇”，符合題意。A選項“教育者放棄他們對受教育者的責任”和原文的意思相反，排除。C選項“教師幫助建立有利于學生成長的條件”，教師只能幫助判斷和選擇環(huán)境，而不是主動創(chuàng)造條件，所以C選項不對。D選項“校長在聯(lián)合企業(yè)中扮演平等的合作者的角色”，在文中并沒有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

12.單選題

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】compulsoryschooling指義務教育,為習慣用法。compelling引人注目的；forced強迫的；obliged感激的,有責任的；compulsory義務的,必修的。句意：和在英國其他地方一樣,蘇格蘭的義務教育從5歲開始,到16歲結束。選項D正確。

13.單選題

Comewhat（

）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.

問題1選項

A.must

B.should

C.can

D.may

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay意為“無論如何，不管怎樣，無論發(fā)生什么事”。

句意：無論如何，我們不會對他的不合理要求作出任何讓步。

14.翻譯題

PartII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(25分)

如果分析不當，造成誤解，就謹小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放開手腳。結果是喪失時機，猶如逆水行舟，不進則退。（《鄧小平文選》第三卷）

【答案】Ifwefailtomakeaproperanalysisandthusincurmisunderstanding,wewillbecomeovercautiousanddarenotemancipateoutmindsandactboldly.Consequently,wewillloseopportunities.Likeaboatsailingagainstthecurrent,wemustforgeaheadorbesweptdownstream.

15.問答題

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70