書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Tovisitzoosthatsimulatethenaturalhabitatsofanimals（

）ofgreatinteresttozoologists.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.be

C.were

D.is

【答案】D

【解析】考查主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是不定式做主語(yǔ)，也就是參觀動(dòng)物園這件事為主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該為單數(shù)，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.單選題

14.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ageneralpractitioner.

B.Gynecologist

C.Anorthopedist[?θ?’pid?st].

D.Sheissurgeon.

【答案】B

【解析】M:HelloDoctorMarks.It’sTimTailorfromANNEatEdinburghCentral.

W:Hello.

M:I’vegotayoungwoman,a30-year-oldwomanreferredupbyherGPwithakindofperinealabscessforabout10--15days.

W:Right.

M:She'sbeenonantibioticsandbasicallyitneedstobeincised.Canyoutakeher?

W:Ofcourse.What’sthepatient’sname?

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)話可知，女患者是會(huì)陰膿腫，需要切除。

3.單選題

Acomputerfileisacollectionof（

）data,usedtoorganizethestorageandprocessingofdatabycomputer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.electrical

B.artificial

C.electronic

D.genuine

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。electrical有關(guān)電的；artificial人造的；electronic電子的；genuine真實(shí)的，誠(chéng)懇的。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)文件是電子數(shù)據(jù)的集合，用來(lái)組織計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和處理。這里指電子數(shù)據(jù)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

Howbesttosolvethepollutionproblemsofacitysunksodeepwithinsulfurouscloudsthatitwasdescribedashellonearth?Simplyanswered:Relocateallurbansmoke-creatingindustryandencirclethemetropolisofLondonwithsweetlyscentedflowersandeleganthedges.

Infact,asChristineL.Corton,aCambridgescholar,revealsinhernewbook,LondonFog,thisfragrantanti-smokeschemewasthebrainchildofJohnEvelyn,the17th-centurydiarist.KingCharlesIIwassaidtobemuchpleasedwithEvelyn’sidea,andabillagainstthesmokynuisancewasdulydrafted.Thennothingwasdone.Nobodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.

Andyetit’sasurprisetodiscoverhowbelovedafeatureofLondonlifethesemulticoloredfogsbecame.Apainter,ClaudeMonet,fleeingbesiegedParisin1870,fellinlovewithLondon’svaporous,mutatingclouds.Helookeduponthefamiliarmistashisreliablecollaborator.Visitorsfromabroadmayhavedelightedinthefog,buthomegrownartistslitcandlesandvainlyscrubbedthegrimefromtheirgloom-filledstudiowindows.“Giveuslight!”FredericLeightonpleadedtotheguestsataLordMayor’sbanquetin1882,beggingthemtohavepityonthepoorpainter.

ThemoreserioussideofCorton’sbookdocumentshowbusinesshastakenprecedenceoverhumanitywhereLondon’shistoryofpollutionisconcerned.Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.Thosewhocouldafforditlivedelsewhere.Theeastwasabandonedtotheunderclass.LordPalmerstonspokeupforchokingEastEndersinthe1850s,pointingafingerattheinterestsofthefurnaceowners.Abillwaspassed,buttherewaslittlechange.Eventually,anotherconnectionwasestablished:betweenLondon’sperpetualveilofsmoganditscitizens’cozilysmolderinggrates.Sadly,popularWorldWarIsongsdidn’tdomuchtoencouragetheadoptionofsmokelessfuel.

Itwasn’tuntilwhatcametobeknownasthe“GreatKillerFog”of1952thatthecasualtyratebecameimpossibletoignoreandtheBritishpressfinallytookupthecause.ItwaslefttoaMemberofParliamenttosteertheCleanAirActintolawin1956.Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.

1.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

2.Theword“grime”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.WhichwouldbemostheavilyaffectedbyLondon’spollutionaccordingtoCarton’sbook?

4.Theauthormainlyshowsinthelastparagraphthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefragrantanti-smokeschemewasputforwardbyJohnEvelyn’schild.

B.KingCharlesIIwasnotsomuchcontentedwithJohnEvelyn’sproposalattheverybeginning.

C.Theprocessofdraftingthebillagainstthesmokynuisancewasrelativelyslow.

D.Itwasn’tuntil1950sthatsomeonewillinglyputpublichealthabovecommercialinterests.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.fog

B.dirt

C.frost

D.paint

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Richdwellersintheeast.

B.Theunderclassinthewest.

C.EastLondon’sslumdwellers.

D.Servantsoffurnaceowners.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“GreatKillerFog”resultedinhugemortalityforBritain

B.theBritishpresswasalsoplayingamajorroleintheprocess

C.itwasalongwayfortheCleanAirActtobepassed

D.reducingtheairpollutionworkedthoughintheprimarystage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句N(xiāo)obodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.（在那個(gè)時(shí)候，直到20世紀(jì)中葉，都沒(méi)有人愿意把公共健康置于商業(yè)利益之上。），說(shuō)明20世紀(jì)中葉之前沒(méi)有人愿意把公共健康置于商業(yè)利益之上。因此D選項(xiàng)“直到20世紀(jì)50年代，才有人愿意將公眾健康置于商業(yè)利益之上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“芬芳抗煙計(jì)劃是由約翰?伊夫林的孩子提出的”，原文只說(shuō)芬芳抗煙計(jì)劃是約翰?伊夫林的想法，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“查理二世國(guó)王一開(kāi)始就不滿意約翰?伊夫林的提議”，與原文的muchpleasedwith（非常滿意）相反，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“反煙害法案的起草過(guò)程比較緩慢”，與原文的duly（按時(shí)的）不符，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句London’svaporous,mutatingclouds（倫敦蒸汽繚繞，如同變異的霧靄），再結(jié)合第一段的sulfurousclouds（硫磺霧霾）和urbansmoke-creatingindustry（城市里所有制造濃煙的工業(yè)），說(shuō)明在畫(huà)室窗上的“grime”是煤塵污垢。因此B選項(xiàng)“污垢、灰塵”正確。A選項(xiàng)“霧”，C選項(xiàng)“霜”，D選項(xiàng)“顏料”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段第二句Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.（盛行的西風(fēng)意味著居住在東邊的人總是處于最大的危險(xiǎn)之中。），說(shuō)明住在東邊的人受到污染的影響更大。因此C選項(xiàng)“倫敦東部的貧民窟居民”正確。A選項(xiàng)“東部的富人居民”，由原文可知有錢(qián)人會(huì)搬家，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“西部的底層居民”，由原文可知西部居民受到的污染影響較小，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“大熔爐主人們的傭人”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段，最后一段前兩句指出為治理霧霾而努力的具體事件，第三句總結(jié)Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.（短短幾年后，即使與污染的斗爭(zhēng)仍處于起步階段，可怕的霧霾開(kāi)始消退。），說(shuō)明雖然剛剛開(kāi)始，但治理霧霾的措施起作用了。因此D選項(xiàng)“盡管處于初期，但減少空氣污染奏效了”正確。A選項(xiàng)“殺人大霧”給英國(guó)造成巨大的死亡，C選項(xiàng)“《空氣清潔法案》的通過(guò)是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程”只是表層示例，所以A，C錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)媒體在這一過(guò)程中也發(fā)揮了重要作用”不是作者主要想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，所以B錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

Richard,KingofEnglandfrom1189to1199,withallhischaracteristicvirtuesandfaultscastinaheroicmould,isoneofthemostfascinatingmedievalfigures.Hehasbeendescribedasthecreatureandembodimentoftheageofchivalry.Inthosedaysthelionwasmuchadmiredinheraldry,andmorethanonekingsoughttolinkhimselfwithitsrepute.WhenRichard’scontemporariescalledhim“CoeurdeLion”(TheLionheart),theypaidalastingcomplimenttothekingofbeasts.LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures.HewasinEnglandonlytwiceforafewshortmonthsinhistenyears’reign;yethismemoryhasalwaysEnglishhearts,andseemstopresentthroughoutthecenturiesthepatternofthefightingman.InalldeedsofprowessaswellasinlargeschemesofwarRichardshone.Hewastallanddelicatelyshapedstronginnerveandsinew,andmostdexterousinarms.Herejoicedinpersonalcombat,andregardedhisopponentswithoutmaliceasnecessaryagentsinhisfameHelovedwar,notsomuchforthesakeofgloryorpoliticalends,butasothermenlovescienceorpoetry,fortheexcitementofthestruggleandtheglowofvictory.Bythishiswholetemperamentwastoned;andunitedwiththehighestqualitiesofthemilitarycommander,loveofwarcalledforthallthepowersofhismindandbody.

Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.Hewasasreadytoforgiveashewashastytooffend;hewasopen-handedandmunificenttoprofusion;inwarcircumspectindesignandskillfulinexecution;inpoliticalachild,lackinginsubtletyandexperience.Hispoliticalallianceswereformeduponhislikesanddislikes;hispoliticalschemeshadneitherunitynorclearnessofpurpose.Theadvantagesgainedforhimbymilitarygeoidswereflungawaythroughdiplomaticineptitude.When,onthejourneytotheEast,MessinainSicilywaswonbyhisarmshewaseasilypersuadedtosharewithhispolished,faithlessally,PhilipAugustus,fruitsofavictorywhichmorewiselyusedmighthavefoiledtheFrenchKing’sartfulschemes.TherichandtenableacquisitionofCypruswascastawayevenmoreeasilythanitwaswon.Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain.

In1199,whenthedifficultiesofraisingrevenuefortheendlesswarwereattheirheight,goodnewswasbroughttoKingRichard.ItwassaidtherehadbeendugupnearthecastleofChaluz,onthelandsofoneofhisFrenchvassals,atreasureofwonderfulquality;agroupofgoldenimagesofanemperor,hiswife,sonsanddaughters,seatedroundatable,alsoofgold,hadbeenunearthed.TheKingclaimedthistreasureaslordparamount.ThelordofChaluzresistedthedemand,andtheKinglaidsiegetohissmall,weakcastle.Onthethirdday,asherodedaringly,nearthewall,confidentinhishard-triedluck,aboltfromacrossbowstruckhimintheleftshoulderbytheneck.Thewound,alreadydeep,wasaggravatedbythenecessarycuttingoutofthearrow-head.Gangrenesetin,andCoeurdeLionknewthathemustpayasoldier’sdebt.Hepreparedfordeathwithfortitudeandcalm,andinaccordancewiththeprincipleshehadfollowed.Hearrangedhisaffairs,hedividedhispersonalbelongingsamonghisfriendsorbequeathedthemtocharity.HedeclaredJohntobehisheir,andmadeallpresentswearfealtytohim.Heorderedthearcherwhohadshotthefatalbolt,andwhowasnowaprisoner,tobebroughtbeforehim.Hepardonedhim,andmadehimagiftofmoney.ForsevenyearshehadnotconfessedforfearofbeingcompelledtobereconciledtoPhilip,butnowhereceivedtheofficesoftheChurchwithsincereandexemplarypiety,anddiedintheforty-secondyearofhisageonApril6,1199,worthy,bytheconsentofallmen,tositwithKingArthurandRolandandotherheroesofmartialromanceatsomeEternalroundTable,whichwetrusttheCreatoroftheUniverseinHiscomprehensionwillnothaveforgottentoprovide.Thearcherwasflayedalive.

30.“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleownhimforhisservice”(paragraphOne)meansthattheEnglish______.

31.Tosaythathislifewasa“magnificentparade”(paragraphTwo)impliesthatitwastosomeextent______.

32.Richard’sbehaviorasdeathapproachedshowed______.

33.ThepointofthelastshortparagraphisthatRichardwas______.

34.WhichofthefollowingphrasebestdescribesRichardasseenbytheauthor?

35.Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsisthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidfewtaxestohim

B.gavehimlittlerespect

C.receivedlittleprotectionfromhim

D.hadnorealcausetofeelgratefultohim

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.spentchieflyatwar

B.impressiveandadmirable

C.livedtoopompously

D.anemptyshow

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.braveryandself-control

B.wisdomandcorrectness

C.devotionandromance

D.chivalryandcharity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cheatedbyhisownsuccessors

B.determinedtotakerevengeonhisenemies

C.moregeneroustohisenemiesthanhissuccessors

D.unabletoinfluencethebehaviorofhissuccessors

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anaggressiveking,toofondofwar.

B.Abravekingwithminorfaults.

C.Acompetentbutcunningsoldier.

D.Akindwithgreatpoliticalskills.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.eachpresentsonesideofthepicture

B.thefirstgeneralizesthesecondgivesexamples

C.thesecondisthelogicalresultofthefirst

D.bothpresentRichard’svirtuesandfaults

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleownhimforhisservice”(paragraphOne)meansthattheEnglish______.1.第一段說(shuō)“英國(guó)人對(duì)他的貢獻(xiàn)并不怎么感激”意味著英國(guó)人______。

A.paidfewtaxestohimA.付了很少的稅

B.gavehimlittlerespectB.不尊重他

C.receivedlittleprotectionfromhimC.幾乎沒(méi)有得到他的保護(hù)

D.hadnorealcausetofeelgratefultohimD.沒(méi)有真正的理由感激他

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第五句“英國(guó)人對(duì)他的貢獻(xiàn)并不怎么感激……”，結(jié)合下一句的意思“在他執(zhí)政的十年中，他只去過(guò)兩次英國(guó)，只有短短幾個(gè)月；然而關(guān)于他的記憶一直縈繞在英國(guó)人的心中，似乎在幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)都呈現(xiàn)出斗士的形象”可知，英格蘭國(guó)王理查德在執(zhí)政的十年里，只去過(guò)兩次英國(guó)，所以推斷“英國(guó)人對(duì)他的貢獻(xiàn)并不怎么感激”這句話暗含的意思是“英格蘭國(guó)王理查德并沒(méi)有什么實(shí)質(zhì)的理由讓英國(guó)人對(duì)他感到感激”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有真正的理由感激他”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“付了很少的稅”和C項(xiàng)“幾乎沒(méi)有得到他的保護(hù)”在原文沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“不尊重他”根據(jù)第一段第四句“當(dāng)理查德時(shí)代的人稱他為‘獅心’時(shí)，他們對(duì)這位百獸之王給予了永久的贊美”可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Tosaythathislifewasa“magnificentparade”(paragraphTwo)impliesthatitwastosomeextent______.2.如果說(shuō)他的一生是一場(chǎng)“壯麗的游行”（第二段），在某種程度上意味著他的一生是______。

A.spentchieflyatwarA.主要在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中度過(guò)的

B.impressiveandadmirableB.令人印象深刻

C.livedtoopompouslyC.過(guò)于浮夸

D.anemptyshowD.一場(chǎng)空洞的表演

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干可定位至第二段最后一句“他的一生是一場(chǎng)壯麗的游行，游行結(jié)束時(shí)，只留下一片空曠的平原”，該段講述了理查德的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，包括他的性格以及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與政治上不同的處事風(fēng)格，第五句指出他其中一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)“他在軍事上獲得的優(yōu)勢(shì)由于外交上的無(wú)能而消失殆盡”，隨后用了墨西拿和塞浦路斯來(lái)舉例證明，綜上所述，我們可以推斷“magnificentparade（壯麗的游行）”暗指理查德這一生雖然得到了很多，但是因?yàn)樗渌矫娴娜秉c(diǎn)也失去了很多，什么都沒(méi)有留下。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“一場(chǎng)空洞的表演”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“主要在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中度過(guò)的”在文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“令人印象深刻”和C項(xiàng)“過(guò)于浮夸”由解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Richard’sbehaviorasdeathapproachedshowed______.3.理查德臨死前的行為表明______。

A.braveryandself-controlA.勇氣和自我控制

B.wisdomandcorrectnessB.智慧和正確性

C.devotionandromanceC.熱情和浪漫

D.chivalryandcharityD.騎士精神和慈善

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第八至十二句“他以堅(jiān)忍和平靜，并按照他所遵循的原則，為死亡做好了準(zhǔn)備。他安排自己的事務(wù)，把個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)分給朋友或捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。他宣布約翰為他的繼承人，并讓在場(chǎng)的所有人宣誓效忠他。他命令把那個(gè)射下致命箭的弓箭手帶到他面前，現(xiàn)在他已經(jīng)成了一個(gè)囚犯。他原諒了他，給了他一筆錢(qián)作為禮物。”可知，理查德臨死前把個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)捐給了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，還原諒了射下致命箭的弓箭手，并給了他一筆錢(qián)，這體現(xiàn)了理查德的騎士精神和慈善精神，因此該題選擇D項(xiàng)“騎士精神和慈善”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“勇氣和自我控制”、B項(xiàng)“智慧和正確性”和C項(xiàng)“熱情和浪漫”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.ThepointofthelastshortparagraphisthatRichardwas______.4.最后一小段的意思是理查德______。

A.cheatedbyhisownsuccessorsA.被他的繼承人欺騙了

B.determinedtotakerevengeonhisenemiesB.決心要報(bào)復(fù)他的敵人

C.moregeneroustohisenemiesthanhissuccessorsC.對(duì)他的敵人比他的繼任者更慷慨

D.unabletoinfluencethebehaviorofhissuccessorsD.無(wú)法影響他繼任者的行為

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至最后一段，前半部分講述了理查德是如何分配他的財(cái)產(chǎn)和繼承權(quán)，以及原諒了射下致命箭的弓箭手，并給了他一筆錢(qián)，但是在該段最后一句卻提到“弓箭手被活活剝了皮”，這是發(fā)生在理查德死后的事情，這表明理查德無(wú)法影響他繼任者的行為。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“無(wú)法影響他繼任者的行為”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“被他的繼承人欺騙了”和C項(xiàng)“對(duì)他的敵人比他的繼任者更慷慨”在原文沒(méi)有依據(jù)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“決心要報(bào)復(fù)他的敵人”由解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.WhichofthefollowingphrasebestdescribesRichardasseenbytheauthor?5.下面哪個(gè)短語(yǔ)最能描述作者眼中的理查德？

A.Anaggressiveking,toofondofwar.A.一個(gè)好斗的國(guó)王，太喜歡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

B.Abravekingwithminorfaults.B.一個(gè)勇敢的國(guó)王，但有一些小缺點(diǎn)。

C.Acompetentbutcunningsoldier.C.一個(gè)能干但狡猾的士兵。

D.Akindwithgreatpoliticalskills.D.一種具有高超政治技巧的人。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】通讀全文，第一段介紹了理查德的個(gè)性以及在英國(guó)人心中的地位，第一句指出“他所有的美德和缺點(diǎn)都被塑造成了英雄形象，是中世紀(jì)最迷人的人物之一”，然后第二段第一句提到“雖然理查德是一個(gè)嗜血和暴力的人，并且沖動(dòng)，但他既不奸詐，也不慣于殘忍”，后面還指出，盡管他軍事上戰(zhàn)果累累，但是由于政治計(jì)劃混亂和外交上的缺陷導(dǎo)致他的一生是一場(chǎng)壯麗的游行，當(dāng)游行結(jié)束時(shí)，只留下一片空曠的平原，而最后一段指出理查德在死亡臨近時(shí)表現(xiàn)出了騎士精神和慈善。因此，作者眼中的理查德應(yīng)該是一個(gè)有缺點(diǎn)的英勇的國(guó)王，故選B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)勇敢的國(guó)王，但有一些小缺點(diǎn)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好斗的國(guó)王，太喜歡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”和D項(xiàng)“一種具有高超政治技巧的人”根據(jù)解題思路可知，作者對(duì)理查德的描述是比較客觀的，而這兩項(xiàng)描述的比較片面，所以屬于以偏概全；

C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)能干但狡猾的士兵”根據(jù)原文可知，理查德是一個(gè)國(guó)王而非士兵，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

6.Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsisthat______.6.第一段和第二段的關(guān)系是______。

A.eachpresentsonesideofthepictureA.每一段都展示了其中一面形象

B.thefirstgeneralizesthesecondgivesexamplesB.第一段概括，第二段給出例子

C.thesecondisthelogicalresultofthefirstC.第二段是第一段的邏輯結(jié)果

D.bothpresentRichard’svirtuesandfaultsD.分別體現(xiàn)了理查德的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，第一段和第二段分別都對(duì)理查德的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了描述，第一段由第二句“他被描述為騎士時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物和化身”和第五句“英國(guó)人對(duì)他的貢獻(xiàn)并不怎么感激，卻為他的冒險(xiǎn)付出了沉重的代價(jià)”可以看出，該段對(duì)理查德的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)都有進(jìn)行講述；第二段由前三句“雖然理查德是個(gè)兇殘的人，但他生性沖動(dòng)，既不會(huì)背信棄義，也不會(huì)慣于殘忍。他隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備原諒，就像他急于冒犯別人一樣。他是個(gè)慷慨大方的人。在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，有周密的計(jì)劃和熟練的執(zhí)行；在政治上還是個(gè)孩子，缺乏敏銳和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。”可以看出，該段也對(duì)理查德的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行描述，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)“分別體現(xiàn)了理查德的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“每一段都展示了其中一面形象”、B項(xiàng)“第一段概括，第二段給出例子”和C項(xiàng)“第二段是第一段的邏輯結(jié)果”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

6.單選題

Themethodofsciencedoesnotseektoimposethedesiresandhopesofmenuponthefluxofthingsinacapriciousmanner.Itmayindeedbeemployedtosatisfythedesiresofmen.Butitssuccessfulusedependsuponseeking,inadeliberatemanner,andirrespectiveofwhatmen’sdesiresare,torecognize,aswellastotakeadvantageof,thestructurewhichthefluxpossesses.

Consequently,scientificmethodaimstodiscoverwhatthefactstrulyare,andtheuseofthemethodmustbeguidedbythediscoveredfacts.But,aswehaverepeatedlypointedout,whatthefactsarecannotbediscoveredwithoutreflection.Knowledgeofthefactscannotbeequatedtothebruteimmediacyofoursensations.Whenourskincomesintocontactwithobjectshavinghightemperaturesorwithliquidair,theimmediateexperiencesmaybesimilar.Wecannot,however,concludewithouterrorthatthetemperaturesofthesubstancestouchedarethesame.Sensoryexperiencesetstheproblemofknowledge,justbecausesuchexperienceisimmediateandfinallyitmustbecomeinformedbyreflectiveanalysisbeforeknowledgecanbesaidtotakeplace.

Everyinquiryarisesfromsomefeltproblem,sothatnoinquirycanevengetunderwayunlesssomeselectionorsiftingofthesubjectmatterhastakenplace.Suchselectionrequires,wehavebeenurgingallalong,somehypothesis,preconception,prejudice,whichguidestheresearchaswellasdelimitsthesubjectmatterofinquiry.Everyinquiryisspecificinthesensethatithasadefiniteproblemtosolve,andsuchsolutionterminatestheinquiry.Itisidletocollect“facts’’unlessthereisaproblemuponwhichtheyaresupposedtobear.

Theabilitytoformulateproblemswhosesolutionmayalsohelpsolveotherproblemsisararegift,requiringextraordinarygenius.Theproblemswhichmeetusindailylifecanbesolved,iftheycanbesolvedatall,bytheapplicationofscientificmethod.Butsuchproblemsdonot,asarule,raisefar-reachingissues.Themoststrikingapplicationsofscientificmethodaretobefoundinthevariousnaturalandsocialsciences.

The“facts”forwhicheveryinquiryreachesoutarepropositionsforwhosetruththereisconsiderableevidence.Consequentlywhatthe“facts”aremustbedeterminedbyinquiry,andcannotbedeterminedantecedentlytoinquiry.Moreover,whatwebelievetobethefactsclearlydependsuponthestageofourinquiry.Thereisthereforenosharplinedividingfactsfromguessesorhypotheses.Duringanyinquirythestatusofapropositionmaychangefromthatofhypothesistothatoffact,orfromthatoffacttothatofhypothesis.Everyso-calledfact,therefore,maybechallengedfortheevidenceuponwhichitisassertedtobeafact,eventhoughnosuchchallengeisactuallymade.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Thephrase“irrespectiveof”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Theauthormentioned“Whenourskin…besimilar”inordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestparaphrasethelastsentence“Itisidle…,tobear”inParagraph3?

5.AllofthefollowingstatementsareTRUEEXCEPTthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.HypothesesandScientificMethod

B.EvidenceandScientificMethod

C.FactsandScientificMethod

D.SystemintheIdealofScience

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.regardlessof

B.irrelevantto

C.regarding

D.asregards

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thediscoveryoftruefactscouldnotoccurwithouttheoreticalanalysis

B.allimmediateexperiencesareimportantforscientificmethod

C.thefactsarebasedontheimmediateexperiences

D.knowledgeofthefactscannottakeplacewithoutoursensations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Factscanbeeffectivelycollectedbeforewecanfeelsomeproblembearingonthem.

B.Collectingfactsshouldrelyonsomehypotheses.

C.Thereisnouseincollectingfactsifthereisnopossibilityofformulatingaproblembasedonthem.

D.Itisworthytocollectfactsifthereisnoproblemtowhichtheyareprobablyrelated.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.withoutcarefulthoughtswecannotdiscovertherealfacts

B.factswouldnotappeariftherewerenotheoreticalanalysisandinterpretation

C.itisnotdifficultforpeopletodistinguishthefactsfromguesses

D.itistoughforpeopletoformulateproblemsthatmayleadtoscientificinquiry

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“scientificmethodaimstodiscoverwhatthefactstrulyare,andtheuseofthemethodmustbeguidedbythediscoveredfacts.”，可知科學(xué)方法的目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)的真相，方法的使用必須以發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)為指導(dǎo)。概述了了科學(xué)方法和事實(shí)之間的關(guān)系。后面的文段對(duì)這個(gè)話題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)討論和闡述。所以本文的主題就是事實(shí)和科學(xué)方法。詳細(xì)C符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Butitssuccessfulusedependsuponseeking,inadeliberatemanner,andirrespectiveofwhatmen’sdesiresare,torecognize,aswellastotakeadvantageof,thestructurewhichthefluxpossesses.”，可知科學(xué)方法的成功使用取決于以深思熟慮的方式，且不在考慮人的欲望的情況下，去識(shí)別和利用變遷的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以人們的欲望是不被考慮的。regardlessof意思是不管，不顧。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Knowledgeofthefactscannotbeequatedtothebruteimmediacyofoursensations.”，可知對(duì)事實(shí)的理解不能等同于我們感覺(jué)的無(wú)理的直接性。再根據(jù)第二段最后一句，“Sensoryexperiencesetstheproblemofknowledge,justbecausesuchexperienceisimmediateandfinallyitmustbecomeinformedbyreflectiveanalysisbeforeknowledgecanbesaidtotakeplace.”，可知感覺(jué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生了知識(shí)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檫@種經(jīng)驗(yàn)是直接的，最后它必須通過(guò)反思分析才能促使知識(shí)的產(chǎn)生。所以作者用皮膚接觸高溫物體和液態(tài)空氣的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明沒(méi)有理論分析就不能發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)的道理。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Itisidletocollect“facts’’unlessthereisaproblemuponwhichtheyaresupposedtobear.”，可知收集“事實(shí)”是徒勞的，如果它們沒(méi)有承載特定的需要被研究的問(wèn)題。可推斷出如果沒(méi)有可能在收集事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上提出問(wèn)題，那么收集事實(shí)就沒(méi)有任何用處。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“whatthefactsarecannotbediscoveredwithoutreflection.”，可推斷出沒(méi)有反思就不可能發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)，選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“becausesuchexperienceisimmediateandfinallyitmustbecomeinformedbyreflectiveanalysisbeforeknowledgecanbesaidtotakeplace.”，可推斷出因?yàn)檫@樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是直接的，最后必須通過(guò)反思分析來(lái)獲得知識(shí)。選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Theabilitytoformulateproblemswhosesolutionmayalsohelpsolveotherproblemsisararegift,requiringextraordinarygenius.”，可知解決問(wèn)題的能力可能也有助于解決其他問(wèn)題，這需要非凡的天賦?？赏茢喑鋈藗兒茈y提出科學(xué)可探究的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thereisthereforenosharplinedividingfactsfromguessesorhypotheses.”，可知事實(shí)與猜測(cè)或假設(shè)之間沒(méi)有明顯的界限?？赏茢喑鋈藗兒茈y區(qū)分事實(shí)與猜測(cè)，選項(xiàng)C與原文不符，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

14.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheisabsent-minded.

B.Sheisinhighspirits.

C.Sheisindifferent.

D.Sheiscompassionate.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.

M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?

W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.

Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話中女士要給男士加一條毛毯，男士說(shuō)：You’resosweet，可知女士非常熱心。

8.單選題

BesidesthoseIhavenamed,therewasnotinBritainthemanlivingwhomI（）,unlessitweretheDukeofWellington,whomIafterwardssawatWestminsterAbbey,atthefuneralofWilberforce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.caredforbeholding

B.caredtobehold

C.caredtobebeheld

D.caredforbeingbeheld

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法和固定搭配。caretodosth.“想做某事，愿意做某事”;carefor“關(guān)心，喜歡”；behold“看，看見(jiàn)”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，先行詞為theman，關(guān)系代詞為whom，theman和behold之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C和D可排除。句意：除了我所提到的那些人以外，在英國(guó)沒(méi)有一個(gè)活著的人是我所愿意見(jiàn)到的，除非是Wellington,公爵，我后來(lái)在威伯福斯的葬禮上在威斯敏斯特大教堂見(jiàn)到了他。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Facebook’stopexecutivesareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.optional可選擇的B.qualified有資格的

C.desirable值得擁有的D.casual隨意的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞修飾的是“Facebook的高管”，原文areeligiblefor詞義為“有資格的”，B選項(xiàng)qualified通常與介詞for連用，AbequalifiedforB（A具備完成/擁有B的資格或能力），與原詞最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”，不符合語(yǔ)境；

C選項(xiàng)desirable“值得擁有的”，通常修飾“值得的或可取的東西”，在這句話中應(yīng)該是“一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金”，通常用于itisdesirablethat（XX是可取的。）或者itisdesirableforsomeonetodosomething（做某事是值得的。）

D選項(xiàng)casual“隨意的”，不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】Facebook的高管有資格獲得一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金，最高可達(dá)基本工資的45%。

10.單選題

Judgingbythebookssold,thisyoungwriterseemstohaveastrong______overthereadingpublic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.personality

B.disgust

C.antipathy

D.hold

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)personality“個(gè)性，品格”，B項(xiàng)disgust“厭惡，嫌惡”，指對(duì)某事物的強(qiáng)烈厭惡或不贊成的感覺(jué)，C項(xiàng)antipathy“反感，厭惡，憎惡”，指對(duì)某人或某事強(qiáng)烈的反感，D項(xiàng)hold“控制，影響，保留”。由Judgingbythebookssold“從售出的書(shū)來(lái)判斷”可知，haveastrong______overthereadingpublic中的空格處表示“影響”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：從售出的書(shū)來(lái)看，這位年輕作家似乎對(duì)讀者有很強(qiáng)的影響力。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Doyouthinkthisjacketandtrouserswill______asuit?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.passoff

B.passover

C.passup

D.passfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。passoff“停止”；passover“忽略”；passup“升起，拒絕”；passfor“被認(rèn)為，當(dāng)作”。句意：你認(rèn)為這件夾克和褲子可以看作是一套嗎？選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generosity

B.sincerity

C.certainty

D.flexibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)generosity“慷慨，大方；寬宏大量”；B選項(xiàng)sincerity“真實(shí)，誠(chéng)摯”；C選項(xiàng)certainty“必然；確實(shí)；確實(shí)的事情”；D選項(xiàng)flexibility“靈活性；彈性；適應(yīng)性”。句意：由于親戚們的慷慨，埃倫最近得到了很多錢(qián)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:admitted“承認(rèn)”；B:acknowledged“鳴謝；承認(rèn)”；C:absorbed“吸收”；D:considered“考慮”。句意：在這家工廠里，建議往往要等上幾個(gè)月才能完全被采納。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知D為正確答案。

14.單選題

Duringtheadolescence,thedevelopmentofpoliticalideologybecomesapparentintheindividual;ideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Thesearcaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’srapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.ByknowledgeImeanmorethanthedreary“facts”,suchasthecompositionofcountygovernment,thatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefacts.Muchofthenaivetethatcharacterizestheyoungeradolescent’sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfromanignoranceof“facts”butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpoliticalsocialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountmembersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadoles