書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽郵電職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Thetestwashard.2)Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedadifferencebetweenwordslike"hard"and“difficult”，whatisit?Tobegin,"hard"ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable(voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh),while"difficult"ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,"hard"ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea"onthego"orsimplyto"getitout"asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,"hard"maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,"Howwasyourday?"Conversely,"difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.Similarto"hard"and"difficult",thewords"weird"and"strange"tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1)Seamonkeysareweird.2)Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile"weird"and"strange"bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.

Similarto"hard","weird"conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something"weird"iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething"weird".Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn'twanttobecategorizedamongthe"weird".Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas"strange",itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something"strange"issimplyabnormal,orunusual―adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween"weird"and"strange"issopronouncedthatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:"Yourmother'scookiestasteweird"comparedto“Yourmother'scookiestastestrange".Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother'scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflour,perhaps.

Finally,let'slookatthesynonyms,"happy"and"glad".Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2)Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently.Astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

1.Whatisthethesisstatementinthispassage?

2.Asusedinparagraph1,whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

3.Asusedinparagraph2,whichofthefollowingbestdescribessomethingthatissuperfluous?

4.Inparagraph3,theauthorwrites:"Tobegin,'hard'ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn'tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"'difficultiseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane."Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor'stonecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobebelievedtosharethesamemeaning.(paragraph1)

B.However,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.(paragraph1)

C.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.(paragraph2)

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatetheenergyofaword,(paragraph2)

E.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.(paragraph6)

問題2選項

A.mildcuriosity

B.wryskepticismof

C.passionateindignation

D.stubbornreluctance

E.excessiveconcern

問題3選項

A.Yokoexpectstohavesixdinnerguests,soshesetsthetablewithsixplaces.Ontheside,however,shekeepsanothertwoplacesjustincaseherguestsbringfriends.

B.Theinstructionssaytofillthetireswith35-38poundspersquareinchofair,butMichelefillsthemwith40poundspersquareinchbecausetheyareoldandtendtoleak.

C.ManufactureofModel24AhadbeenscheduledtobeginonMay8.However,creditorsfailedtoforwardmuchneededmonetaryadvancements,delayingthestartofproductionuntilMay10.

D.Thepassingofsinger--songwriterJonathanOrionDavisleftthousands,ifnotmillions,inmourning.Thiswasreflectedbytheastoundingnumberofrosesplacedonhisopencoffin:averitablemountainthathadtoberelocatedbecausethosepayingtheirrespectscouldnolongerviewthedeceased.

E.Lavishedwithcriticalacclaim,thepublicationwasslatedtogeneratetremendousrevenueinsales.Unfortunately,demandhadbeenoverestimated,andasaresult,tenthousandcopiesneverleftstoreshelves.

問題4選項

A.Onomatopoeia

B.hyperbole

C.metaphor

D.personification

E.oxymoron

問題5選項

A.belligerent

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.conscientious

E.blase

【答案】第1題:E

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.”最后，去理解這些同義詞如何讓我們感受且我們傾向于為它們附上何種語氣成了這些積極負責同義詞的維持和產(chǎn)生的語言使用者的工作，可知E選項符合題意。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles”可知人們可能不在意這些同義詞的區(qū)別，說明對同同義詞缺乏一種仔細認真探究精神，因此E選項“過度關心”符合題意。A選項“輕微的好奇心”；B選項“對……有固執(zhí)己見的懷疑”；C選項“激動的憤慨”；D選項“執(zhí)拗的不情愿”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.”有許多意思完全相同的單詞有什么意義呢？沒有任何意義，那將是多余的;英語在用詞上非常簡練，可知E選項中的“andasaresult”屬于多余的成分。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)句中“Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”它（指單詞difficult）是文明的，愿意付出必要的努力來顯得彬彬有禮?？芍虮蛴卸Y一般是用來形容人的，此處用的是擬人的修辭手法，因此D選項“擬人”符合題意。A選項“擬聲”；B選項“夸張”；C選項“暗喻”；E選項“矛盾修辭法，逆喻”。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.”例如，單詞hard和difficult這樣的詞之間的區(qū)別，不幸地沒有被注意到，可知作者的語氣是悲傷的，因此選C。

2.單選題

Itisreportedthatoverathirdofthepopulationinthatareahaveno（

）tothehealthservice

問題1選項

A.approach

B.access

C.admission

D.acquaintance

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。havenoaccessto“無法獲得某事”。句意：據(jù)報道該地區(qū)超過三分之一的人無法獲得衛(wèi)生服務。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Theinaugurationofthenewpresidentwillbeheldat8o'clock（）.

問題1選項

A.sharply

B.right

C.prompt

D.punctually

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A:sharply“嚴厲地；鋒利地”；B:right“立刻”;C:prompt“迅速的；敏捷的”；D:punctually“準時地”。句意：新總統(tǒng)的就職典禮將于8點準時舉行。根據(jù)前文“在八點”得知表示時間的準點，因此可知D為正確答案。

4.單選題

Thediscussionquicklybecameavery（）argumentaboutincreasingprices.

問題1選項

A.exploded

B.roaring

C.boiling

D.heated

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。exploded爆炸；roaring咆哮；boiling沸騰；heated激烈的。句意：關于價格增長的討論很快發(fā)展成為一場非常激烈的爭論。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

Itmakesme（

）whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.

問題1選項

A.furious

B.generous

C.mysterious

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項furious“生氣的，狂怒的”；B選項generous“慷慨的”；C選項mysterious“神秘的”；D選項suspicious“可疑的”。

句意：別人不聽，然后問些愚蠢的問題，這讓我很生氣。選項A符合句意。

6.單選題

Shelikesthe（）flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.

問題1選項

A.article

B.adventure

C.ancient

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項article“文章”；B選項adventure“冒險”；C選項ancient“古代的”；D選項artificial“人造的，仿造的”。句意：她喜歡人造花而不喜歡天然花。選項D符合語境。

7.單選題

Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight（）are.

問題1選項

A.payments

B.charges

C.funds

D.prices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。payments“付款，薪資”；charges“費用，手續(xù)費”；funds“資金，基金”；prices“價格”。句意：煤的價格將根據(jù)運輸?shù)木嚯x和運費的價格而有所不同。B項符合題意。

8.單選題

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator'sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatconiesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundancemorethan4.000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchasescouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

4.Theword"abundance"(Line4,Paragraph4)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposaldosetheauthoranticipate?

問題1選項

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

D.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts

問題2選項

A.amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

D.suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollection

問題3選項

A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

問題4選項

A.alargequantity

B.aformidablequality

C.aweirdappearance

D.avaluablerarity

問題5選項

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfail.

B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了考古學缺乏資金支持以及非法盜掘猖獗的現(xiàn)象，隨后提出了針對性的解決方案。因此B項“一種遏制非法盜掘同時能讓考古職業(yè)受益的方法”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:史前文物市場已經(jīng)存在。第一段最后一句指出:Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder(其次，存在非法挖掘的問題，導致博物館有收藏價值的文物被賣給出價最高的人)。因此A項符合文章所述。B:這種史前文物很少有科研價值。第三段指出:Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong(從理論上講，你聲稱每件文物都有潛在的科學價值或許是對的。但實際上，你錯了)。因此B項正確。C:博物館里有很多這些史前文物。第五段指出:Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture(博物館的地下室只是沒有足夠大到存放將來可能被發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物)。因此C項正確。D:這些史前文物在質(zhì)量上常常優(yōu)于那些編錄到博物館里的文物，此選項文章并未提及。因此答案為D。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered(甚至沒有足夠的錢對這些發(fā)現(xiàn)進行分類；結(jié)果，它們就再也找不到了，并且變得難以接近，像從未被發(fā)現(xiàn)過一樣)。因此C項“這些史前文物通常保持未分類狀態(tài)，因此一旦收藏起來就可能找不到了”正確。

第4題:詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundancemorethan4.000examplessofar.破折號后面的morethan4.000examplessofar(到目前為止有多于四千件復制品)是用來解釋說明abundance的，由此可知abundance表示“數(shù)量很多”。

第5題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder(此外，古代文物是我們?nèi)蛭幕z產(chǎn)的一部分，所有人都可以欣賞，而不是賣給出價最高的人)。因此B項“本應該在公共場合被展出的文物將要賣給個人”正確。

9.不定項選擇題

Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（瘧疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（殺蟲劑）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.

Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeignintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo,”Lanzarosays,pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.Andhesays,scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.

Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations.Afterall,hepointsout;it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem,LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDMAwiththemalaria-resistantgene,andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA,makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild,andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes,eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.

61.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat（）.

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

62.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan（）.

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

63.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistcanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause（）.

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

64.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject?

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

65.Accordingtothepassage,afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto（）.

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

問題1選項

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

問題2選項

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

問題3選項

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

問題4選項

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

問題5選項

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。由malariatobemorewidespread定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“…becauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago”，由于耐藥性和人口變化，瘧疾現(xiàn)在實際上比20年前更流行。由此可知，瘧疾的流行與其耐藥性有關。A選項“morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas”，意為“更多的人搬到瘧疾感染地區(qū)”，這是瘧疾變得更流行后的結(jié)果，它導致了更多的人住在瘧疾感染地區(qū)；B選項“mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides”意為“蚊子已對殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了抗藥性”，蚊子就是瘧疾的傳播者，蚊子對殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生耐藥性，所以瘧疾傳播得更廣；C選項“geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease”意為“轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子仍然傳播這種疾病”，原文中科學家們試圖通過轉(zhuǎn)基因的蚊子來消滅瘧疾，這些轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子是不能傳播疾病的；D選項“mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear”意為“蚊子每年叮咬多達5億人”，這是現(xiàn)狀不是導致的原因。因此B選項符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第一句“Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears”，蘭薩羅和他的同事們正在計劃一個長期的項目來制造抗瘧疾的蚊子，他認為他們可以在5年內(nèi)做到。由此可知，蘭薩羅正計劃消滅瘧疾。A選項“starttoeliminatemalaria”，意為“開始消滅瘧疾”，與原文相符；B選項“cureparasiticblooddiseases”意為“治療寄生蟲性血液病”，與原文不符，蘭薩羅不是治療疾病而是尋找消滅瘧疾的辦法；C選項“preventmicefromtransmittingparasites”意為“防止老鼠傳播寄生蟲”，與原文不符，原文中是蚊子不會傳播寄生蟲給老鼠；D選項“acquireimmunityagainstmalaria”意為“獲得抗瘧疾免疫力”，原文并未提及抗瘧疾免疫力。因此A選項符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第二句“…pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice”，他指出，科學家已經(jīng)成功地對蚊子進行了基因改造，使它們不會將瘧疾傳播給鳥類和老鼠。由此可知，科學家在鳥類和老鼠身上已經(jīng)取得了成功，蚊子不會傳播寄生蟲到它們身上。A選項“naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange”，意為“蚊子的自然數(shù)量不會改變”，原文未提及蚊子數(shù)量的變化；B選項“scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice”意為“科學家已經(jīng)在鳥類和老鼠身上取得了成功”，與原文相符；C選項“foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired”意為“外來基因總是去需要它們的地方”，與原文不符，原文是讓外來基因進入蚊子體內(nèi)；D選項“l(fā)ab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs”意為“實驗室飼養(yǎng)的蚊子不會對藥物產(chǎn)生抗藥性”，原文并未提及實驗室蚊子的抗藥性。因此B選項符合題意。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。由mostdifficultpart定位到文章第三段第一句“Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations”，蘭薩羅說，科學上最困難的部分是弄清楚如何讓實驗室改造的蚊子將它們的基因傳播到自然種群中。由此可知，將抗瘧疾基因傳播到蚊子的自然種群中是蘭薩羅面對的難題。A選項“Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations”，意為“將抗瘧疾基因傳播到天然蚊子種群中”，與原文相符；B選項“Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes”意為“培育抗瘧疾的蚊子”，原文中實驗室已經(jīng)培育出抗瘧疾的蚊子；C選項“Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria”意為“制造阻止瘧疾傳播的基因”，與原文不符，原文中實驗室已經(jīng)能制造抗瘧疾的基因；D選項“Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes”意為“識別抗瘧疾基因”，原文中實驗室可以將抗瘧疾基因插入蚊子胚胎，說明識別抗瘧疾基因不是難題。因此A選項符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。由afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalaria定位到文章第一段最后一句“Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease”，蘭薩羅說，他有一個更好的方法來阻止瘧疾的傳播：對蚊子進行基因改造，使它們無法攜帶這種疾病。由此可知，改變蚊子的基因，使它們攜帶抗瘧疾基因是阻止瘧疾傳播的有效辦法。C選項“changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes”意為“改變蚊子的基因組成”與原文相符。A選項“developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs”，意為“開發(fā)新的抗瘧疾藥物”，B選項“produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes”意為“生產(chǎn)有效的殺蟲劑殺死蚊子”和D選項“removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas”意為“將人移出瘧疾感染地區(qū)”，這三種辦法原文均沒有提及。因此C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

JillKerConway,presidentofSmith,echoestheprevailingviewofcontemporarytechnologywhenshesaysthat“anyoneintoday’sworldwhodoesn’tunderstanddataprocessingisnoteducated.”Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.Saysshe:“Theverystronglyutilitarianemphasisineducation,whichisaneffectofman-madesatellitesandthecoldwar,hasreallyremovedfromthisculturesomethingthatwasveryprofoundinits18thand19thcenturyrots,whichwasasensethatliteracyandlearningwereendsinthemselvesforademocraticrepublic.”

IncontrasttoPlato’sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAges,theyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification—religious,social,economic,orpolitical.Itspurpose,totheextentthatithasone,istopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.“Whatcouldmanacquire,byvirtuousstriving,thatismorevaluablethanknowledge?”askedErasmus,perhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredatraditionofitsown.“Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself,”saidJohnDewey,“Itisitsownend.”

Butwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedon?Insimplertimes,itwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversities’Quadrivium(arithmetic,geometry,astronomy,musiC.andTrivium(grammar,rhetoric,logic).Asrecentlyasthelastcentury,whenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatall,studentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintexts,andcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheintroductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlang