書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Recentfindingsindicatethatbirdscanalsousethemagneticfieldoftheearthasanaidto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criterion

B.orientation

C.standard

D.guideline

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)criterion“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)范；準(zhǔn)則”；B選項(xiàng)orientation“定位；適應(yīng)；向東方”；C選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；度量衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；D選項(xiàng)guideline“指導(dǎo)方針”。句意：最近的調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)也能使用地球磁場(chǎng)作為定位的輔助手段。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis（

）andhorizontallyspreadout.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prudent

B.reversible

C.diffuse

D.mandatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prudent“謹(jǐn)慎的；精明的；節(jié)儉的”；B選項(xiàng)reversible“可逆的；可撤銷(xiāo)的；可反轉(zhuǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)diffuse“彌漫的，散開(kāi)的”；D選項(xiàng)mandatory“強(qiáng)制的；托管的”。句意：甚至總統(tǒng)也不是真正的CEO。沒(méi)有人是。公司的權(quán)力集中在垂直結(jié)構(gòu)上。華盛頓的權(quán)力是……并且橫向分散的。由前后句意對(duì)比可知，此處應(yīng)表示華盛頓權(quán)力的結(jié)構(gòu)是分散的，水平的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Wenowcometothevitaltopicofmoney.First,wemustrememberthatscience,onanysignificantscale,existsonlyineconomieswherethereissurplusofgoodsandservices.Aprosperouseconomyformsanecessarybaseforscientificwork.Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped"countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupporting—anysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch.ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered.Theprimarythemeofhisaddressisthatthegapisnotclosing;onthecontrary,itsteadilygrowswider.

TheUnitedStates,asthemostwealthyindustrialnation,spendsagreateramountonresearchanddevelopmentthananyothernations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisbooktoconsiderindetailwhethertheamountspentisadequate,eitherinrelationtoourowneconomyorinrelationtoourpositionintheworld.Atbestthequestionisanopenone.

Inthelastfewyears,financialsupportforsciencehaschangedsignificantly.Itisfrustratingtoreportthat,inspiteofnumerousstatementsabouttheextentandnatureofthesechanges,ithasbeenimpossibletofindsufficientagreementtobesurejustwhathashappened.Twopointsdoappearclear.First,therehasbeenanoverallcutinresearchfunds,furtherreinforcedbysubstantialinflationofprices.Second,therehasbeenincreasedemphasison"relevant"researchthatisresearchwithimmediatepracticalapplications.

Onereportthatreflectsmostcloselyourownestimateofthesituationwasmadebyafive-membercommitteefromtheNationalAcademyofSciences.ThisgroupinvestigatedfundingofchemistryprojectsbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf.Thecommitteefoundthatvariousinstitutes,in-houseresearch,administrativebudgets,andcontinuingextramural（校外的）grantshadbeenprotectedwiththeresultthatnewandrenewalgrantshadbecomeadisasterarea.Otherreportsstatingthatfederalinstitutes’fundshavehadonlylimitedcutshaveapparentlyignoredthepointmadebytheNationalAcademyCommittee.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe"underdeveloped"countries?

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsmeansnearlythesameas“disparity”usedinline6ofparagraphone?

3.“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”inthesecondparagraphmeansthat（

）.

4.Whichareaofresearchhassufferedmostfromthecutsinthefederalinstitutes’funds?

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbebestusedforthetitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyneedscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearchbadly.

B.Theyaretoopoortospareenoughforthedevelopmentofscience.

C.Theyhaveotherprioritiesinsteadofspendingadecentamountofmoneyonscience.

D.Allofabove

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dispute

B.Diversion

C.Inequality

D.Argument

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thequestionhastobelefttothepublictodecide

B.thequestionistooself-evidenttobediscussedanyfurther

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionaboutthisquestion

D.moreinformationhastobecollectedbeforethequestioncanbefinallyanswered

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Appliedresearch

B.Basicresearch

C.Chemistryprojects

D.Newresearchprojects

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Disputeaboutresearchfunding

B.Trendsofresearchfunding

C.Researchanddevelopment

D.Basicandappliedresearches

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:他們對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和研發(fā)有極強(qiáng)的需求,B:他們太窮，以至于沒(méi)有足夠的科學(xué)發(fā)展資金,C:他們有其他需要優(yōu)先考慮的事情，而不是花大量資金在科研上。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the“underdeveloped”countries定位至第一段:Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped”countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupportinganysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch(可悲的是，欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有很強(qiáng)的科研需求，但其經(jīng)濟(jì)卻無(wú)法支持，或者沒(méi)有能力支持任何一項(xiàng)實(shí)質(zhì)的科學(xué)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)或研發(fā)),由此判斷此題選D“以上所有選項(xiàng)”。

2.詞義題?！癲isparity”所在句為:ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered(閱讀皇家學(xué)會(huì)主席P.M.S.Blackette的演講，其中就考慮了“有”和“沒(méi)有”經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間存在的巨大…),由此推測(cè),“disparity”表示“不同”或者“差異”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,C項(xiàng)inequality(不同)與之意思最為接近。

3.語(yǔ)義題?！癆tbestthequestionisanopenone”表示“充其量是一個(gè)開(kāi)放的問(wèn)題”,因此C項(xiàng)“對(duì)此問(wèn)題，不同的人有不同的觀點(diǎn)”比較符合這句話意思。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf(委員會(huì)得出的結(jié)論是，資金平均己經(jīng)削減了20%,與此最密切相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)研究的基金減少一半)。故選B“基礎(chǔ)研究”。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了財(cái)政對(duì)科研的支持的不同報(bào)道和不同觀點(diǎn)。經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力強(qiáng)的國(guó)家能為科研提供更多支持，經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家更需要發(fā)展科研，但是卻沒(méi)有足夠的資金支持，因此人們對(duì)于財(cái)政支持科研發(fā)展有不同的觀點(diǎn)看法。因此A項(xiàng)“關(guān)于研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的討論”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

4.單選題

EverySundayeveningthereisa（

）ofpeoplearoundthepavilionintheparksinceithasbecomearegularsiteforanEnglishcorner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.congruence

B.congratulation

C.congress

D.congregation

【答案】D

【解析】congruence適合，一致；congratulation祝賀，賀辭；congress代表大會(huì)；congregation集會(huì)，集合。句意：自從這里成為英語(yǔ)角的固定場(chǎng)所后，每個(gè)星期天的晚上都會(huì)有很多人聚集在公園的亭子周?chē)?。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid.“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness.”BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld.

FewwouldarguewithFord'sstatements.AbriefglimpseatadailynewspapervividlyshowshowmuchpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkaboutbusiness.Forexample,nearlyeverynewspaperhasabusinesssection,inwhichthedealsandprojects,financesandmanagements,stockpricesandlaborproblemsofcorporationsarereporteddaily.Inaddition,businessnewscanappearineveryothersection.Mostnationalnewshasanimportantfinancialaspecttoit.Welfare,foreignaid,thefederalbudget,andthepoliceoftheFederalReserveBankareallheavilyaffectedbybusiness.Moreover,businessnewsappearsinsomeoftheunlikeliestplaces.Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”

ThepositivesideofHenryFord’sstatementcanbeseenintheprosperitythatbusinesshasbroughttoU.S.life.OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob.JobsareproducedinabundancebecausetheU.Seconomicsystemisdrivenbycompetition.Peoplebelievethatthissystemcratesmorewealth,morejob,andamateriallybetterwayoflife.

ThenegativesideofHenryFord’sstatement,however,canbeseenwhentheworldbusinessistakentomeanbigbusiness.Andthetermbigbusiness-referringtothebiggestcompanies-isseeninoppositiontolabor.ThroughoutU.S.historyworkingpeoplehavehadtofighthardforhigherwages,betterworkingconditions,andthefighttoformunions.Todaymanyoftheoldlabordisputesareover,butthereisstillsomeemployeeanxiety.Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighcreatesfeelingofinsecurityformany.

1.TheUnitedStatesisatypicalcountry（

）.

2.TheinfluenceofbusinessintheU.S.isevidencedbythefactthat

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,immigrantschoosetosettleintheU.Sdreamingthat

（

）.

4.HenryFord’sstatementcanbetakennegativelybecause

（

）.

5.Acompany’seffortstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighmayresultin（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichencouragesfreetradesathomeandabroad

B.whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget

C.whereallbusinessesaremanagedinascientificway

D.wherepeople’schiefconcernishowtomakemoney

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Americansofallprofessionsknowhowtodobusiness

B.evenpublicorganizationsconcentrateonworkingforprofits

C.mostnewspapersarerunbybigbusinesses

D.evenartsandentertainmentareregardedasbusiness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycanstartprofitablebusinessesthere

B.theycanbemorecompetitiveinbusiness

C.theywillmakeafortuneovernightthere

D.theywillfindbetterchancesofemployment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.workingpeoplearefacingtofightfortheirrights

B.therearemanyindustriescontrolledbyafewbigcapitalists

C.thereisaconflictingrelationshipbetweenbigcorporationsandlabor

D.publicservicesarenotrunbythefederalgovernment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.reductioninthenumberofemployees

B.improvementofworkingconditions

C.fewerdisputesbetweenlaborandmanagement

D.ariseinworker’swages

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段第二句話提到“亨利?福特的話意味著美國(guó)人的生活都是建立在商業(yè)價(jià)值上的”（BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld），換句話說(shuō)，美國(guó)人關(guān)心的就是如何去創(chuàng)造商業(yè)價(jià)值，選項(xiàng)D“人們主要關(guān)心的問(wèn)題是如何賺錢(qián)”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段主要講述了與報(bào)紙相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，無(wú)論是什么類(lèi)型的報(bào)紙，都能看到與商業(yè)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。文章第二段最后一句話提到即使是藝術(shù)和娛樂(lè)都被看成是“娛樂(lè)業(yè)”（Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”），這證明了美國(guó)的商業(yè)影響非常廣泛。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段第一句話提到“這么多人來(lái)美國(guó)生活的一個(gè)重要原因是他們可以在這里找到更好的工作”（OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到了亨利?福特的觀點(diǎn)的負(fù)面影響：大公司與勞動(dòng)力之間的矛盾（Andthetermbigbusiness-referringtothebiggestcompanies-isseeninoppositiontolabor），選項(xiàng)C“大公司與勞動(dòng)力之間存在對(duì)立關(guān)系”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“如果一家公司想低消耗，高利潤(rùn)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么結(jié)果？”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“裁員——上千員工失業(yè)，公司花費(fèi)減少，利潤(rùn)增加”（Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighcreatesfeelingofinsecurityformany），選項(xiàng)A“雇員人數(shù)減少”符合題意。

6.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Itisfoundthatmanystudentstodaysimply"cutandpaste"informationfromtheInternetwhentheydotheirassignments.Whatcanbedonetostopthis?Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldalsogiveyouressayapropertitleonthebasisofyoursuggestion(s).Writetheessayontheanswersheet2only.

【答案】TeachersandStudentsShouldUnite7.單選題

Welivedinasmallvillage______ahighwayandinfestedwithheavy-dutytrucks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adjacentto

B.attachedto

C.farfrom

D.adjourningto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)adjacentto“鄰近的，毗連的”，B項(xiàng)attachedto“附屬于，系于”，C項(xiàng)farfrom“遠(yuǎn)離，遠(yuǎn)非”，D項(xiàng)adjourningto“轉(zhuǎn)移會(huì)址，（集會(huì)人移動(dòng)會(huì)場(chǎng)）到另一個(gè)地方”。根據(jù)句子意思“我們住在一個(gè)小村莊……高速公路和出沒(méi)的重型卡車(chē)”可知，空格處表示“毗連”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我們住在一個(gè)靠近公路的小村莊，那里到處都是重型卡車(chē)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Becauseearlymanviewedillnessasdivinepunishmentandhealingaspurification,medicineandreligionwereinextricably,linkedforcenturies.Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."

By3500B.C.,theSumeriansintheTigris-Euphratesvalleyhaddevelopedvirtuallyallofourmodernmethodsofadministeringdrugs.Theyusedgarglesinhalations,pills,lotions,ointments,andplasters.Thefirstdrugcatalog,orpharmacopoeia,waswrittenatthattimebyanunknownSumerianphysician.Preservedincuneiformscriptonasingleclay'tabletarethenamesofdozensofdrugstotreatailmentsthatstillafflictustoday.

TheEgyptiansaddedtotheancientmedicinechest.TheEbersPapyrus,ascrolldatingfrom1900B.C.andnamedaftertheGermanEgyptologistGeorgeEbers.revealsthetrial-and-errorknow-howacquiredbyearlyEgyptianphysicians.Torelieveindigestion,achewofpeppermintleavesandcarbonates(knowntoday.Asantacids)wasprescribed,andtonumbthepainoftoothextraction,Egyptiandoctorstemporarilystupefiedapatientwithethylalcohol.

Thescrollalsoprovidesarareglimpseintothehierarchyofancientdrugpreparation.The"'chiefofthepreparersofdrugs"wastheequivalentofaheadpharmacist,whosupervisedthe'"collectorsofdrugs."fieldworkers,whogatheredessentialmineralsandherbs.The'"preparers"aides"(technicians)driedandpulverizedingredients,whichwereblendedaccordingtocertainformulasbythe"preparers."

Andthe"conservatorofdrugs"oversawthestorehousewherelocalandimportedmineral,herb,andanimal-organingredientswerekept.BytheseventhcenturyB.C.theGreekshadadoptedasophisticatedmind-bodyviewofmedicine.They-believedthataphysicianmustpursuethediagnosisandtreatmentofthephysicalcausesofdiseasewithinascientificframework,aswellascurethesupernaturalcomponentsinvolved.Thus,theearly,Greekphysicianemphasizedsomethingofaholisticapproachtohealth,evenifthesuspected"mental"causesofdiseasewerenotrecognizedasstressanddepressionbutinterpretedascursesfromdispleaseddeities.

Themoderneraofpharmacologybeganinthesixteenthcentury,usheredinby'thefirstmajordiscoveriesinchemistry.Theunderstandingofhowchemicalsinteracttoproducecertaineffectswithinthebodywouldeventuallyremovemuchoftheguessworkandmagicfrommedicine.

Drugshadbeenlaunchedonascientificcourse,butcenturies"wouldpassbeforesuperstitionwasdisplacedby'scientificfact.Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens,suchasbacteriaandviruses,continuedtodreamupimaginarycausativeevils.Andthoughnewchemicalcompoundsemerged,theireffectivenessintreatingdiseasewasstillbasedlargelyontrialanderror.

Manystandard,commondrugsinthemedicinechestdevelopedinthistrial-and-errorenvironment.Suchisthecomplexityofdiseaseandhumanbiochemistrythateventoday,despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.

1.TheauthorcitestheliteraldefinitionoftheGreekwordphannakoninthefirstparagraphinorderto（）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theseventh-centuryGreeks'viewofmedicinedifferedfromthatoftheSumeriansinthattheGreeks（）.

3.InParagraph5,theword"holistic"mostnearlymeans（）

.

4.Thepassageindicatesthatadvancesinmedicalscienceduringthemoderneraofpharmacologymayhavebeendelayedby（）

.

5.Inthefinalparagraph,theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingobservationsaboutscientificdiscovery?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.showthatancientcivilizationhadanadvancedformofmedicalscience

B.pointoutthatmanofthebeliefsofancientcivilizationsarestillheldtoday

C.illustratethatearlymanthoughtrecoveryfromillnesswaslinkedtointernalcleansing

D.emphasizetheprimitivenatureofGreekmedicalscience

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.discoveredmoreadvancedchemicalapplicationsofdrugs

B.acknowledgedboththementalandphysicalrootsofillness

C.establishedarigidhierarchyforthepreparationofdrugs

D.attributeddiseasetopsychological,ratherthanphysical,causes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.integrated

B.religious

C.modern

D.physiological

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alackofunderstandingofheoriginsofdisease

B.ashortageofchemicaltreatmentsfordisease

C.aninaccuracyinpharmaceuticalpreparation

D.anoveremphasisonthepsychologicalcausesofdisease

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Humanbiochemistryissuchacomplexsciencethatimportantdiscoveriesareuncommon.

B.Manycuresforcommondiseaseshaveyettobediscovered.

C.Trialanderroristhebestavenuetoscientificdiscovery.

D.Chanceeventshaveledtothediscoveryofmanymoderndrugs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段“Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."可知，作者引用希臘詞phannakon的字面意思是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)希臘醫(yī)學(xué)的原始性質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“seventhcentury”定位到第六段的第一、二句“Bytheseventhponentsinvolved.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:試題分析：第五段中說(shuō)到公元前七世紀(jì)的希臘人認(rèn)為，醫(yī)生對(duì)于疾病必須要從科學(xué)框架內(nèi)的身體病因與超自然因素等方面去考慮，也就是比較全面的方法。所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:根據(jù)第七段“Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens”可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第5題:根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“...despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.”，盡管醫(yī)學(xué)取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，許多最新添加到藥柜貨架上的現(xiàn)代藥物都是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

9.單選題

Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcentury______theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diffuses

B.undermines

C.supports

D.underscores

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)diffuse“擴(kuò)散，傳播”，B項(xiàng)undermine“逐漸削弱（信心、權(quán)威等），漸漸破壞”，C項(xiàng)support“支持，幫助，支撐”，D項(xiàng)underscore“強(qiáng)調(diào)，劃線于……下”。根據(jù)句子可知，句子缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovement（積極分子為婦女選舉權(quán)和禁酒運(yùn)動(dòng)所做的積極工作）和theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical（這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)是敵對(duì)的斷言）可判斷，這兩者的關(guān)系是“削弱”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：19世紀(jì)晚期，積極分子為婦女選舉權(quán)和禁酒運(yùn)動(dòng)所做的積極工作削弱了這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)是敵對(duì)的論斷。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

However,thevillagersdidnot（

）themthebestoutofthingstoentertainusinthemostsinceresmiletogreetthearrivalofus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jealous

B.stingy

C.reluctant

D.begrudge

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞形容詞辨析。jealous妒忌的；stingy吝嗇的；reluctant不情愿的，勉強(qiáng)的；begrudge羨慕，吝惜。句意：然而，村民卻毫不吝惜地拿出他們最好的東西來(lái)招待我們，以最真誠(chéng)的笑容迎接我們的到來(lái)。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Itisnaturalformeto（）onhismotivesforthevisitsforwehavenotbeenonspeakingtermsformanyyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflect

B.suppose

C.speculate

D.mediate

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:reflecton“仔細(xì)想；回憶；反省”；B:supposeon“猜測(cè)；考慮”；C:speculateon“推測(cè)；猜想；推斷”；D:mediateon“沉思；打算”。句意：我很自然地猜測(cè)到他訪問(wèn)的動(dòng)機(jī)，因?yàn)槲覀兌嗄陙?lái)一直沒(méi)有談過(guò)話。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，此處表示猜測(cè)，故C為正確答案。

12.單選題

Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the（

）ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.reservation

C.exhaustion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conservation“保存，保護(hù)”；B選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)定，保留”；C選項(xiàng)exhaustion“耗盡，枯竭”：D選項(xiàng)devastation“毀壞”；空格前一句是目的狀語(yǔ)“實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展”，所以空格所在句應(yīng)是‘資源保護(hù)有新的意義。’A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B選項(xiàng)retirefrom“退休；退出；從……退休”；C選項(xiàng)examine“檢查；調(diào)查；檢測(cè)；考試”；D選項(xiàng)conquer“戰(zhàn)勝，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公眾的目光下成長(zhǎng)的困難往往導(dǎo)致神童在成年之前就從成就的世界中退休；令人高興的是，他們有時(shí)會(huì)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

A（）surgeoncanbeasdangerousasarecruitwithagunhedoesnotknowhowtohandle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.professional

B.negligent

C.competent

D.mellow

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。professional“專業(yè)的”；negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；competent“能勝任的，有能力的”；mellow“圓潤(rùn)的；柔和的”。句意：一名粗心外科醫(yī)生的危險(xiǎn)性好比一名不會(huì)使用槍的新兵拿著一把槍。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Ihavelongbelievedthattroublebetweentheracesisseldomwhatitappearstobe.Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.AndIthinkpartofourconcernoveritcomesfromthefactthatithasthefeelofarelapse,illnessgoneandcomeagain.Butifweareseeingthesamesymptoms,Idon’tbelievewearedealingwiththesameillness.Foronething,Ithinkracialtensiononcampusistheresultmoreofracialequalitythaninequality.

HowtolivewithracialdifferencehasbeenAmerica’sprofoundsocialproblem.Forthefirst100yearsorsofollowingemancipationitwascontrolledbyalegallyapprovedinequalitythatactedasabufferbetweentheraces.Nolongeristhisthecase.Oncampusestoday,asthroughoutsociety,blacksenjoyequalityunderthelaw—aprofoundsocialadvancement.Nostudentmaybekeptoutofaclassoradormitoryoranextracurricularactivitybecauseofhisorherrace.Butthereisaparadoxhere.Onacampuswheremembersofallracesaregathered,mixedtogetherintheclassroomaswellassocially,differencesaremoreexposedthanever.Andthisiswherethetroublestarts.Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.Thesefeelingscouldliehiddeninthehome,infamiliarneighborhoods,insimplerdaysofchildhood.Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.Onourcampuses,suchconcentratedmicro-societies,allthatremainsunresolvedbetweenblacksandwhites,alltheoldwoundsandshamesthathaveneverbeenaddressed,presentthemselvesforattention-andpresentouryouthwithpressurestheycannotalwayshandle.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,（）.

2.Nowadaysracialtensiononcampusmostprobablystartswith（）.

3.Thephrase“comingintotheirown’’onLine8ofParagraph2probablymeans（）.

4.Whenyoungadultsentercollegeforthefirsttime,（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavemisunderstoodthecausesofracialtension

B.peopledon’tunderstandthecausesofracialtension

C.racialtensionkeepsthesametypicalpatterninhistory

D.racialtensiononcampusisthesameasracialtensioninsociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.racialinequality

B.suddenawarenessofracialdifferences

C.whiteracism

D.racialinteractionandcompetition

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.enteringtheirownhomes

B.showingtheirownvalues

C.enteringtheirowncolleges

D.havingtheirownproblems

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theybringfreedomandexplorationtocampus

B.theysufferfromracialinequalityanddifferences

C.theybringwiththemfear,anxietyandotherfeelings

D.theysufferfromcompetitionsinbigexams

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.racialinequalityinAmericansociety

B.racialtensioninAmericansociety

C.racialequalityoncampusandinsociety

D.thecausesofracialtensiononcampus

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.校園種族矛盾與美國(guó)永恒的種族沖突的經(jīng)典模式-白人種族主義與黑人抗議是相同的。”可知種矛盾在歷史上有相同的模式。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“人們誤解了種族緊張的原因”以及B項(xiàng)“人們不理解種族緊張的原因”是對(duì)“Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.在我第一次與學(xué)生交談后，不難看出校園里的種族緊張是一個(gè)誤傳自身的問(wèn)題。”的曲解。D項(xiàng)文中未提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.但大學(xué)校園,因其結(jié)構(gòu)為社交和成人水平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)——大型考試，宿舍，“大量混合”是另一回事。我認(rèn)為校園種族主義源于種族差異和校園環(huán)境之間的摩擦，校園本身致力于社交和平等?？芍缃裥@種族矛盾是源于社交和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttime…對(duì)于每一個(gè)不同種族的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們都是第一次離開(kāi)家來(lái)到大學(xué)…由此可知年輕人是第一次離開(kāi)家進(jìn)入大學(xué)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.對(duì)于每一個(gè)不同種族的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們都是第一次離開(kāi)家來(lái)到大學(xué),他們給這個(gè)自由，探索和平等的地方帶來(lái)了深深的恐懼和焦慮，以及還未完全發(fā)展的種族羞恥感，憤怒和內(nèi)疚感?！笨芍贻p人第一次進(jìn)入大學(xué)時(shí)，他們帶去了恐懼，憤怒，內(nèi)疚等感情。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要分析了校園種族矛盾的原因，即在一個(gè)微型的社會(huì)里（校園里）種族平等使以前未解決的問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在更加明顯地暴露出來(lái)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

16.單選題

Fred

always（）doingthewashing-up

bysayingthatheisbusyworkinginthegarden.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.getsoutof

B.getsoverwith

C.getsridof

D.getsthroughwith

【答案】A

【解析】getoutof指設(shè)法避免承擔(dān)責(zé)任或義務(wù)。；getoverwith指做完了事；getridof指擺脫不喜歡的事物；getthroughwith指完成,挺過(guò)來(lái)。句意：Fred總是說(shuō)他在花園里忙著干活而不洗碗。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.翻譯題

Direction:TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

TheRenaissanceembraced,firstofall,animpressiverecordofnewachievementsinart,literature,science,philosophy,educationandreligion.Althoughthefoundationofmanyofthesewasclassical,theysoonexpandedbeyondthemeasureofGreekandRomaninfluence.Indeed,manyoftheachievementsinpainting,science,politicsandreligionborelittlerelationtotheclassicalheritage.Secondly,theRenaissanceincorporatedanumberofdominantidealsandattitudesthatgaveittheimpressofauniquesociety.Notableamongtheseingeneralwereoptimism,andindividualism;butthemostsignificantofthemallwashumanism.Initsbroadestmeaninghumanismmaybedefinedasemphasisonthehumanvalues.ItwasatermderivedfromCicero,whouseditinthesenseofdevotiontotheliberalarts,orthesubjectsmostcompatiblewiththedignityofman.

【答案】首先，文藝復(fù)興包含了文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)、哲學(xué)、教育和宗教方面令人印象深刻的新的成就。盡管這些文化形式的基礎(chǔ)都來(lái)自古典主義，但它們很快繁榮起來(lái)，并擺脫了希臘、羅馬的影響。事實(shí)上，繪畫(huà)、科學(xué)、政治和宗教上的很多成就與古典文化遺產(chǎn)都沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。其次，文藝復(fù)興包含了許多鮮明的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，使其所處的社會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的風(fēng)貌，大體上這些中值得注意的是樂(lè)觀主義和個(gè)人主義，但所有這些中最重要的還是人文主義。在最寬泛的意義上，人文主義可以被定義為對(duì)人的價(jià)值的強(qiáng)調(diào)。這個(gè)詞出自西賽羅，他曾用該詞來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)自由藝術(shù)的投入或與人類(lèi)尊嚴(yán)最一致的主題。

18.單選題

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是，如果沒(méi)有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察來(lái)了，他可能已經(jīng)被殺了。mighthavebeenkilled是對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G