書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安順職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whendustsintheskyareatlevelswherelittleairisinmotion,theydonot_______formanyyears.

問題1選項

A.dismiss

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.disperse

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“dismiss”意為“解散；解雇；開除；讓……離開；不予理會”；B選項“disguise”意為“掩飾；假裝；隱瞞”；C選項“disgrace”意為“使……失寵；給……丟臉；使……蒙受恥辱”；D選項“disperse”意為“分散；使散開；傳播”。句意：當天空中的塵埃處于沒有空氣流動的高度時，它們要很多年才會消散。由題干可知，dustsintheskyareatlevelswherelittleairisinmotion（天空中的塵埃處于沒有空氣流動的高度），沒有空氣流動塵埃自然也不能飄動，所以要等很多年塵埃才能消散。因此D選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Thepurposeofthelecturewasto（

）themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.

問題1選項

A.inform

B.acquaint

C.instruct

D.announce

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inform“通知”；acquaint“了解”；instruct“通知，指導”；announce“宣布”。句意：講座的目的是為了使美國大眾了解拉丁美洲的基本問題。acquaintsb.withsth.“使某人了解某事”。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Traditionalforensicevidencehaslongplayedaroleincriminaljustice.Butcurrentlypoisedonthehorizonisanewgenerationofforensicsciencescapableofinvestigatingandinculpatingsuspectsonanorderofpowerfargreaterthanthataffordedbytraditionalforensictechniques.Thisarrayofexcitingnewmethods—suchasDNAtyping,datamining,biometrictechnologies,andforensicMRIimaging,representamarkedadvanceovertherudimentarytechniquesofold,andwillsurelystakeacentralandindispensableroleinthefutureadministrationofcriminaljustice.

Yettheexperienceoftraditionalforensicsciencesinthecriminaljusticesystemcautionagainstrushingtooquicklytoembracethesenewtechniques.Inrecentyears,thelegitimacyofevidentiarystalwartslikehandwriting,voiceexemplars,hairandfiber,biteandtoolmarks,andevenfingerprintshasbeenseriouslycalledintoquestion.Exonerationstudieshavedemonstratedtheshockingdegreetowhichthecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatdefectivescientificevidencecontributedtooverone-halfofwrongfullyobtainedconvictions.

Ofcourse,theunreliabilityoftraditionaltechniques,andthefailureofthecriminaljusticesystemtokeepoutsuchinvalidevidence,hasinlargepartbeenexposedthroughtheuseofthenew,morereliableforensictechniquessuchasDNAtyping.Accordingly,theconventionalwisdomtendstoassertthatthequalitiesthatmakenewmethodssodesirableandreliablewilllikewiserenderthesetechniqueslesssusceptible,ifnotwhollyimmune,fromtheproblemsthatplaguedtraditionalsciences.Manycriticsoftraditionalscienceshaveevenembracednewmethodologiesasofferinga“newscientificparadigm”forforensicevidence,oneinwhich“untestedassumptionsandsemi-informedguessworkisreplacedbyasoundscientificfoundationandjustifiableprotocols”.

Butitstandstoreasonthatasystemthatfailedtostemtheabuseofobviouslyfaultyformsofforensicevidencemightalsobewhollyill-equippedtosafeguardtheuseofmorerobust,complicatedformsofsuchevidence,bothintermsofassuringitsintegrityandoffosteringhealthyscientificdevelopment.Infact,asthisArticleargues,theverycharacteristicsthatmakethisnewgenerationofforensicevidencesopromisingserveonlytoenhancetheneedforconcernabouttheuseofsuchevidenceinthecriminaljusticesystem.

ErinMurphy:THENEWFORENSICS:CRIMINALJUSTICE,FALSECERTAINTY,

ANDTHESECONDGENERATIONOFSCIENTIFICEVIDENCE

79.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanewgenerationforensictechnology?

80.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphshowsthattheauthorthinksthat___.

81.Thebesttopicforthe3rdparagraphis___.

82.Thelastparagraphshowsthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthereliabilityofnewtechniquesis___.

問題1選項

A.DNAtyping

B.Mining

C.ForensicMRIimaging

D.Biometrictechnologies

問題2選項

A.thelegitimacyoftheoldevidentiarystalwartshasbeenseriouslycalledintoquestion

B.thecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants

C.experienceoftraditionalforensicsciencesinthecriminaljusticesystemcautionagainstrushingtooquicklytoembracethesenewtechniques

D.theoldtechnologiesdonotworkanymore

問題3選項

A.TheNewTechniquesisWelcomebyMore,EventheCriticsoftheOldTechniques

B.TheUnreliabilityofTraditionalTechniquesisExposedthroughtheUseoftheNewTechniques

C.TheNewTechniquesareImmunefromtheProblemsoftheTraditionalSciences

D.TheNewMethodologiesOffera“NewScientificParadigm”forForensicEvidence

問題4選項

A.contradict

B.trustworthy

C.complimentary

D.suspicious

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】79.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到第一段Thisarrayofexcitingnewmethods—suchasDNAtyping,datamining,biometrictechnologies,andforensicMRIimaging…（這一系列令人興奮的新方法——如DNA分型、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘、生物識別技術(shù)和法醫(yī)MRI成像……）可知A選項“DNA分型”，C選項“法醫(yī)MRI成像”和D選項“生物技術(shù)”原文有提及；B選項“礦業(yè)”不屬于原文提到的內(nèi)容。因此B選項符合題意。

80.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句Forexample,onestudyfoundthatdefectivescientificevidencecontributedtooverone-halfofwrongfullyobtainedconvictions.（例如，一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有缺陷的科學證據(jù)導致了超過一半的錯誤定罪），結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二句Exonerationstudieshavedemonstratedtheshockingdegreetowhichthecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants.（關(guān)于免除罪的研究表明，刑事司法系統(tǒng)在歷史上一直未能阻止偽科學和錯誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪的被告有罪，其程度令人震驚）可知最后一句是為了支持刑事司法系統(tǒng)未能防止偽科學和錯誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪這一觀點的論據(jù)；選B選項“從歷史上看，刑事司法系統(tǒng)未能防止偽科學和錯誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪”；A選項“老證據(jù)的正當性受到了嚴重的質(zhì)疑”，C選項“傳統(tǒng)法醫(yī)學在刑事司法系統(tǒng)中的經(jīng)驗告誡人們不要急于接受這些新技術(shù)”以及D選項“舊的技術(shù)已經(jīng)不起作用了”都屬于過度推測，排除。因此B選項正確。

81.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第一句Manycriticsoftraditionalscienceshaveevenembracednewmethodologiesasofferinga“newscientificparadigm”forforensicevidence,oneinwhich“untestedassumptionsandsemi-informedguessworkisreplacedbyasoundscientificfoundationandjustifiableprotocols”.（許多傳統(tǒng)科學的批評者甚至接受了新的方法論，為法醫(yī)證據(jù)提供了一種“新的科學范式”，其中一個“未經(jīng)檢驗的假設(shè)和半知情的猜測被一個健全的科學基礎(chǔ)和正當?shù)膮f(xié)議所取代”）以及第三段其他內(nèi)容：新的司法鑒定技術(shù)的應用使傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)的不可靠性和刑事審判制度無法阻止假證據(jù)的問題暴露無遺，傳統(tǒng)觀點認為，新技術(shù)可靠的特性同樣也使這些技術(shù)免受傳統(tǒng)科學遭遇到的問題的影響。許多對傳統(tǒng)科學持批判態(tài)度的人也支持起新技術(shù)來，將它視為用于法醫(yī)鑒定證據(jù)的新的科學范式，可以看出作者在這一段主要討論的是D選項“新方法為法醫(yī)證據(jù)提供了一種‘新的科學范式’”，同時可知B選項“新技術(shù)的使用暴露了傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)的不可靠性”和A選項“新技術(shù)受到更多，甚至是舊技術(shù)的批評者的歡迎”以偏概全；以及C選項“新技術(shù)不受傳統(tǒng)科學問題的影響”第三段未提及。因此D選項正確。

82.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Butitstandstoreasonthatasystemthatfailedtostemtheabuseofobviouslyfaultyformsofforensicevidencemightalsobewhollyill-equippedtosafeguardtheuseofmorerobust,complicatedformsofsuchevidence,bothintermsofassuringitsintegrityandoffosteringhealthyscientificdevelopment.（但是，一個未能制止濫用明顯有缺陷的法醫(yī)證據(jù)形式的制度，在確保證據(jù)的完整性和促進科學健康發(fā)展方面，也可能完全沒有能力保障使用更有力、更復雜的證據(jù)形式）可知作者對于新技術(shù)的可靠性是有所懷疑的，選D選項“可疑”，同時可知B選項“值得信賴”錯誤；A選項“矛盾”以及C選項“免費”不符合原文。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.

問題1選項

A.emanation

B.emulsion

C.emulation

D.emancipation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項emanation“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”；B選項emulsion“乳劑；乳液”；C選項emulation“仿真；效仿；競爭”；D選項emancipation“解放；釋放”。句意：在美國本土，優(yōu)秀的小學教育、對新技術(shù)的開放態(tài)度、對發(fā)明的獎勵，以及空間思維天賦相互作用，造就了美國人的特征——競爭。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan____thesoundfromtheradio.

問題1選項

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.intensify（使）加強；增強；加劇B.amplify放大；增強（聲音等）

C.enlarge擴大；擴充D.reinforce加固

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：把這個旋鈕向右轉(zhuǎn)，你就可以……收音機的聲音。對比選項，此處應該是放大收音機的聲音。B選項指放大聲音，符合語境，因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項intensify“（使）加強；增強；加劇”，指在程度或深度上增強，而句中指的是放大聲音，并不是增強聲音，該選項不符合語境；

C選項enlarge“擴大；擴充”，指使……變大，該處強調(diào)放大聲音，C選項并沒有特指放大聲音。而B選項強調(diào)聲音的放大，對比選項，B選項更合適；

D選項reinforce“加固”，指使堅固，尤指通過添加另一種材料使結(jié)構(gòu)或材料更堅固，該選項不符合語境。

【句意】把這個旋鈕向右轉(zhuǎn)，你就可以放大收音機的聲音。

6.單選題

Everyday,manypeoplecometovisitthe（

）oftheoldcastle.

問題1選項

A.location

B.highland

C.site

D.desert

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天都有人來參觀城堡的遺址。location“場所”；highland“高低”；site“遺址”；desert“沙漠”。根據(jù)句意，選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

InBritainpeople______morethanfourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

問題1選項

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項swallow“忍受；吞沒；吞下；咽下”；B選項dispose“安置，安排；使……傾向于做；使對……產(chǎn)生某種感覺；扔掉，清除；應付，處理；擊敗”；C選項consume“消耗，消費；使……著迷；揮霍；耗盡（多指資源、財力的消耗），毀滅；耗盡生命”；D選項exhaust“使筋疲力盡；耗盡（多指體力的耗盡）；徹底探討；排出”。句意：在英國，人們每年要消耗400多萬噸土豆。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeys’socialbehavior.

Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment:hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,andingeneral,anytimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.

Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.

Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.

Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression,whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorderinthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkeys’behavior?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,studiessuchasSouthwick’shadwhichofthefollowingeffectsoninvestigatorstheoriesaboutmonkeys'socialbehavior?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto（

）.

6.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項

A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehavior

B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeys

C.explainingthereasonsforresearchers'interestinmonkeys'socialbehavior

D.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators’theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys

問題2選項

A.Fooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.

C.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-timeaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.

D.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.

問題3選項

A.Theycastdoubtoninvestigators'theoriesthatcouldaccountforobservedpatternsofaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Theysuggestedthatexistingtheoriesabouttheroleofaggressionamongmonkeysdidnotfullyaccountforthemonkeys'abilitytomaintainanestablishedsocialorder.

C.Theyconfirmedinvestigators*theoriesaboutmonkeys’aggressiveresponsetocompetitionforfoodandwater

D.Theyconfirmedinvestigators’beliefsaboutthemotivationforcontinuedaggressionamongmonkeysinthesamesocialgroup

問題4選項

A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeys

B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroup

C.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem

D.situationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinalaboratory

問題5選項

A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroups

B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembers

C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanther

D.protectindividualsseekingtobecomemembersofthatgroupfrommassattack

問題6選項

A.Howdoesthereductionofspaceaffectintra-groupaggressionamongmonkeysinanexperimentalsetting?

B.Dofamilyunitswithinamonkeysocialgroupcompetewithotherfamilyunitsforfood?

C.Whatarethemechanismsbywhichthesocialorderofanestablishedgroupofmonkeyscontrolsaggressionwithinthatgroup?

D.Howdomonkeysengagedinaggressionwithothermonkeyssignalsubmission?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了猴群侵略和敵對行為的研究理論。根據(jù)文章第一句，即本文的中心和主旨句：Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.研究猴子的社會行為的人總是被猴子的攻擊潛力和因此而產(chǎn)生的對其攻擊行為的社會控制的需要所震驚。確定D選項‘探討研究人員關(guān)于猴子攻擊性理論的發(fā)展‘正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段：Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.在極端缺乏食物的情況下，對野生動物的研究同樣顯示，饑餓的猴子幾乎把所有可用的能量都用于覓食，幾乎沒有剩余的能量用于攻擊性的互動?！甪ooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression可知答案為D選項‘食物匱乏可能會暫時增加猴子的攻擊性，但也會導致沖突減少?！_。

3.根據(jù)文中第三段However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.然而，當像Southwick關(guān)于減少空間或食物儲備的實驗沒有產(chǎn)生比群體內(nèi)攻擊性暫時增加更多的結(jié)果時，激勵競爭的動機開始受到質(zhì)疑。確定研究人員對Southwick’s的動機理論存在懷疑，而非涉及到社會秩序，所以A選項‘他們對研究人員的理論提出了質(zhì)疑，這些理論可以解釋猴子被觀察到的攻擊模式‘正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一段，可知猴群是等級秩序很嚴格的，猴子特別注重猴群內(nèi)的等級，猴群對于外來者，往往會產(chǎn)生敵對行為，而對于外來者來說，也是對猴群的威脅，C選項‘mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem’符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章最后一段：Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.這些對入侵者的研究表明，同一物種的成年成員第一次相互介紹時表現(xiàn)出相當大的敵意，因為在缺乏社會秩序的情況下，必須建立一個人來控制動物間的關(guān)系。由此可知，此種行為是為了對動物內(nèi)部行為進行有效控制，防止出現(xiàn)侵略性和敵對行為。所以B選項正確。

6.文章主要論述了通過實驗研究猴群內(nèi)等級地位，以及外來者的敵對和侵略行為。文章主要是壓縮猴群的生存空間的研究對猴群的攻擊以及侵略行為的影響等原因進行了說明。A選項‘在實驗環(huán)境中，空間的減少如何影響猴子群體內(nèi)的攻擊性?’正確。B選項‘為爭奪食物和其他猴群競爭’并沒有涉及，C選項‘對機制建立控制猴群的侵略性行為‘也沒有說明，D選項不正確。

9.單選題

Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepricesofvegetablesnolonger（）accordingtotheweather.

問題1選項

A.evaluated

B.converted

C.fluctuated

D.modified

【答案】C

【解析】evaluated評估，估價；converted轉(zhuǎn)變，改變；fluctuated波動；modified修改。句意：當?shù)厝税l(fā)現(xiàn)蔬菜的價格不再隨天氣而波動，感到非常高興和驚訝。選項C符合句意。

10.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(1)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersex—bothphysicallyandemotionally.(2)Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents.”

(3)Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.

(4)Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.

Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.(5)Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.

Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.

【答案】1.性別歧視是在生理由先天決定這一思想基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的，并被其合理化。根據(jù)這一思想，生理和心理的基本差異存在于性別之中。

2.這樣，女人天生比男人更加適合履行家庭職責。在通常情況下，女人的位置處于在家里這個被保護的環(huán)境中。

3.這種思想還認為，想要走出家庭到外面工作的女人自然就應該在那些適合她們性別的行業(yè)里的工作。

4.最后，這種思想還認為，自然以另一種顯著的方式行使了自己的意志。人類要長遠生存下來，它的成員必須有規(guī)律地繁衍。

5.有充足的證據(jù)表明，性別角色在不同的社會里是不同的，而且這些確實存在的角色差異大都是后天學來的。

11.翻譯題

在大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟部門，都是賣家試圖用價格、質(zhì)量、用途等各種誘惑來吸引潛在的買家，而買家做出是否購買的決定。然而，在醫(yī)療產(chǎn)業(yè)，醫(yī)患關(guān)系卻是生產(chǎn)者和消費者之間一般關(guān)系的鏡像（mirrorimage）。一旦一個人決定看醫(yī)生的話，通常是醫(yī)生做出所有重大的消費決定：患者是否下個星期一再來，是否需要X光透視，是否要開藥，等等。

【答案】Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,qualityandutility,andthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Inmedicalindustry,however,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer.Onceanindividualdecidestoseeadoctor,thedoctorusuallymakesallsignificantdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturnnextMonday,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.

12.單選題

Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost______andbeneficialformofcare.

問題1選項

A.pertinent

B.appropriate

C.acute

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項pertinent“（說話，話題等）切題的，（意見，建議等）相關(guān)的”；B選項appropriate“恰當?shù)?，適當?shù)摹?；C選項acute“十分嚴重的，(疾病)急性的，靈敏的”；D選項persistent“持久的，持續(xù)的”。句意：對許多病人來說，機構(gòu)護理是最適當和最有益的護理形式。

13.單選題

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirstforittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

問題1選項

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項precedence“優(yōu)先，居先”；B選項prosperity“繁榮，成功”；C選項presumption“放肆，傲慢”；D選項probability“可能性，機率”。句意：這個問題應該（）討論，因為它比其他問題都重要。本句表示的是“這個問題應該優(yōu)先討論”，因此A選項符合題意。

14.單選題

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso（

）.

問題1選項

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。threatening“危險的；脅迫的；兇兆的”；riveting“非常迷人的；吸引人的”；conniving“縱容的；默許的”；fearsome“可怕的；害怕的”。句意：英國小說家威廉?薩克雷認為對罪犯的狂熱崇拜是相當危險的，所以他批評狄更斯的《霧都孤兒》讓小偷廚房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B項符合語境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才讓人崇拜。

15.單選題

HeknewnothingaboutBeijing;he______there.

問題1選項

A.mustn’thavegone

B.couldn’thavegone

C.mustn’thavebeen

D.couldn’thavebeen

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.mustn’thavegone肯定沒有去過B.couldn’thavegone不可能去過

C.mustn’thavebeen肯定沒有去過D.couldn’thavebeen不可能去過

【考查點】情態(tài)動詞的用法。

【解題思路】按照句意“他對北京一無所知；他______那里”可知，空格處表示對前文的推測，他對北京一無所知，也就是說他不可能去過那里，couldn’t表示推測，been暗示旅程已結(jié)束，并已返回出發(fā)地，所以該題選擇D項符合。

【干擾項排除】

A、C項mustn’t表示“禁止”的意思，不符合句意；

B項中的gone暗示旅程仍在進行中，未返回出發(fā)地，也不符合句意。

【句意】他對北京一無所知；他不可能去過那里。

16.單選題

Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,bothpartnershaveincreasedtheirmoney（）.

問題1選項

A.bytwothousandmore

B.bytwothousand

C.fortwothousandmore

D.fortwothousand

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。increaseby為固定搭配,

意為増加了...。句意：由于初始投資資金只有一萬美元,

合作雙方將他們的投資金額増加了兩千美元。根據(jù)句意可知沒有比較的意思,

所以不用more。選項B正確。

17.單選題

Thewizenedoldmaninthehomefortheagedwasstillactiveandenergetic.

問題1選項

A.tractable

B.textured

C.adept

D.shriveled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項tractable“易于管教的；易駕馭的；易處理的；馴良的”；B選項textured“起紋理的；質(zhì)地不平的；（藝術(shù)、文學、音樂等）有神韻的”；C選項adept“熟練的；擅長……的”；D選項shriveled“枯萎的”。句意：敬老院里那位干癟的老人依然精神抖擻。wizened“干癟的；枯萎的；消瘦的”。D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

北京奧運會弘揚了團結(jié)、友誼、和平的奧林匹克精神，成為世界各國人民共同見證的文化交流的盛會。北京奧運會的成功，是中國人民和世界各國人民共同努力的結(jié)果。榮譽屬于國際奧林匹克大家庭，屬于在比賽場上奮勇爭先的運動員，屬于來自世界各地的自愿者。北京奧運會的舉辦，將更加有力地促進中國體育事業(yè)向前發(fā)展，將更加廣泛地促進中國同國際奧林匹克大家庭的交流合作，將更加深入地促進中國人民同世界各國人民的相互了解和友誼。

【答案】TheBeijingOlympicGameshaspromotedtheOlympicspiritofsolidarity,friendshipandpeace.Ithasbecomeagrandevenofculturalexchangeswitnessedbypeopleofthewholeworld.ThesuccessoftheBeijingOlympicGamesisattributabletotheconcertedeffortsoftheChinesepeopleandpeoplefromtherestoftheworld.TheglorygoestotheOlympicFamily,toathleteswhohavecompetedhard,tovolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.ThehostingoftheBeijingOlympicGameswillgiveaboosttothefurtherdevelopmentofsportsinChina,promotemoreextensiveexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheInternationalOlympicFamilyandfurtherenhancethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandpeopleofallothercountries.

19.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastotterImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughtitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn't,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.Theauthorofthestoryhasbeeninsleepforthelastfewweeks.

2.