書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東藥品食品職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

Onourcyclingtourwemanagedtocoveranaverage（1）ofabout25kilometers（2）day.

【答案】1.distance;

2.a/per

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。由后面的about25kilometers推測(cè)此處填distance。

2.語(yǔ)法分析。第二空填冠詞a或介詞per合適。

2.單選題

Whenbusinessis（

）thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.degraded

B.depressed

C.reduced

D.lessened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)degrade“貶低，降低”；B選項(xiàng)depress“壓抑，使沮喪，使蕭條”；C選項(xiàng)reduce“減少，降低”；D選項(xiàng)lessen“減少，減輕”。句意：當(dāng)商業(yè)蕭條的時(shí)候，失業(yè)率通常會(huì)明顯上升。選項(xiàng)B更符合邏輯。

3.單選題

Mutualrespectforterritorial（）isoneofthebasesuponwhichourtwocountriesdeveloprelationships.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reliability

B.unity

C.entirety

D.integrity

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reliability“可靠性”；B選項(xiàng)unity“團(tuán)結(jié)，一致”；C選項(xiàng)entirety“全部，完全”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，例句：Thepeaceplanhasnotbeenacceptedinitsentiretybyallparties.（該和平計(jì)劃還沒有被各方全部接受。）；D選項(xiàng)integrity“完整；正直”強(qiáng)調(diào)領(lǐng)土完整不可分割，例句：Separatistmovementsareathreattotheintegrityofthenation.（分裂活動(dòng)是對(duì)國(guó)家領(lǐng)土完整的威脅。）。句意：相互尊重領(lǐng)土完整是兩國(guó)發(fā)展關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)之一。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.

【答案】人本心理學(xué)5.單選題

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.connected

B.winded

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)辨析。connect“連接”；wind“纏繞”；associate“聯(lián)系”；suspend“延緩，推遲，使懸浮”。句意：天花板上（）一些擴(kuò)音器，我們可以很清楚地聽到演講者說話。擴(kuò)音器一般是懸浮在天花板上，故D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Twoboyswerecaughtsmokinginschoolbuttheprincipalletthem（）withawarning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alone

B.off

C.in

D.out

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)letalone“不打擾，不驚動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)letoff“排放，寬恕”，表示寬恕的意思時(shí)，通常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)letsb.offwithsth.，寬恕某人做某事；C選項(xiàng)letin“讓……進(jìn)來”；D選項(xiàng)letout“加寬，放寬”。句意：兩個(gè)男孩在學(xué)校抽煙被抓住了，但校長(zhǎng)只警告他們一下就放過了。本句表示寬恕了他們。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theageofthegeneralpractitionerisover.Moreandmoregraduatesofmedicalschoolstendto（

）,thatis,toconcentrateonlimitedareasoftheirresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalize

B.rationalize

C.study

D.specialize

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generalize“概括”；rationalize“使合理化”；study“研究，學(xué)習(xí)”；specialize“專攻”。句意：全科醫(yī)生的時(shí)代過去了。越來越多的醫(yī)科學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生傾向于專攻，即專心把精力集中在有限的領(lǐng)域。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Theyarewell______witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedinthesameuniversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquainted

B.recognized

C.acknowledged

D.identified

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.acquainted熟悉；了解B.recognized辨別出；意識(shí)到

C.acknowledged承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)）D.identified確認(rèn)；認(rèn)出

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)since原因狀語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容“因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谕凰髮W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)”可推知，Theyarewell______witheachother表示的是“他們互相了解、熟悉對(duì)方”，所以空格處表示“熟悉”，而beacquaintedwith也是常見搭配，表示“與……相識(shí)；了解”，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)指辨別、確定人的身份或物品的歸屬等，不符合句意。

【句意】因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谕凰髮W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，所以彼此很熟悉。

9.單選題

Althoughtheendofthetermwasclose（）,Jimhadnotcompletedalloftheprojectshehadhopedtofinish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onhand

B.byhand

C.athand

D.inhand

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管學(xué)期快結(jié)束了，吉姆還沒有完成他希望完成的所有項(xiàng)目。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。onhand在手邊;在場(chǎng);byhand用手；athand在手邊；即將到來；inhand在手頭；在進(jìn)行中；在控制中。這里表示“學(xué)期快結(jié)束了”，故選C。

10.單選題

Whenyoutakemedicine,becarefulnotto（

）thatamountprintedonthebottle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surpass

B.substitute

C.exceed

D.overcome

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。surpass“超過，優(yōu)于”；substitute“代用品，替代者”；exceed“超過”；overcome“克服（困難）”。句意：吃藥的時(shí)候注意不要超過瓶子上寫的劑量。答案C

11.單選題

Fluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhibits

B.loosens

C.hastens

D.triggers

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.inhibits抑制；禁止B.loosens放松；松開

C.hastens加速；催化D.triggers引發(fā)；觸發(fā)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由本句句意可知破壞細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)可以“阻止”蛀牙，所以A選項(xiàng)“抑制，禁止”符合題意。劃線單詞deters“阻止”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

【句意】氟化物通過減少破壞牙釉質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)來阻止蛀牙。

12.單選題

Visitorstotheparkhaveoftenlookedupintotheleafycanopyand（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegshang

B.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegswerehanging

C.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

D.seenmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由and表并列關(guān)系可知，and后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前面的保持一致，see的過去分詞為seen。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：公園的游客經(jīng)常抬頭看著綠樹成蔭的樹冠，看到猴子睡在樹枝上，手臂和腿都懸掛著。

13.翻譯題

Eventheautomobileindustry,whichhasremainedlargelyunchangedforthelastseventyyears,isabouttofeeltheeffectsofthecomputerrevolution.

Theautomobileindustryranksasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthetwentiethcentury.Therearepresently500millioncarsonearth,oronecarforeverytenpeople.Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworld’sbiggestmanufacturingindustry.

Thecar,andtheroadsittravelson,willberevolutionizedinthetwenty-firstcentury.Thekeytotomorrow’s“smartcars”willbesensors.“We’llseevehiclesandroadsthatseeandhearandfeelandsmellandtalkandact,”predictsBillSpreitzer,technicaldirectorofGeneralMotorsCorporation’sITSprogram,whichisdesigningthesmartcarandroadofthefuture.

Approximately40,000peoplearekilledeachyearintheUnitedStatesintrafficaccidents.Thenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedon’tevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspapersanymore.Fullyhalfofthesefatalitiescomefromdrunkdrivers,andmanyothersfromcarelessness.Asmartcarcouldeliminatemostofthesecaraccidents.Itcansenseifadriverisdrunkviaelectronicsensorsthatcanpickupalcoholvaporintheair,andrefusetostartuptheengine.Thecarcouldalsoalertthepoliceandprovideitspreciselocationifitisstolen.

【答案】【參考譯文】

即便是過去70年間基本上沒有多少變化的汽車工業(yè)，也將感受到計(jì)算機(jī)革命的影響。

汽車工業(yè)是20世紀(jì)最賺錢、最有影響力的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。目前世界上有5億輛車，或者說每10人就有1輛車。汽車工業(yè)的銷售額達(dá)一萬(wàn)億美元左右，從而成為世界上最大的制造業(yè)。

汽車及其行駛的道路，將在21世紀(jì)發(fā)生重大變革。未來“智能汽車”的關(guān)鍵在于傳感器?！拔覀儠?huì)見到能看、能聽、有知覺、具嗅覺、會(huì)說話并能采取行動(dòng)的車輛與道路，”正在設(shè)計(jì)未來智能汽車和智能道路的通用汽車公司ITS項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)主任比爾?斯普雷扎預(yù)言道。

美國(guó)每年有大約4萬(wàn)人死于交通事故。在汽車事故中死亡或嚴(yán)重受傷的人數(shù)太多，我們己經(jīng)不屑在報(bào)紙上提及。這些死亡的人中至少有半數(shù)是酒后開車者造成的，另有許多死亡事故是駕駛員不小心所導(dǎo)致。智能汽車能消除絕大多數(shù)這類汽車事故。它能通過會(huì)感測(cè)空氣中的酒精霧氣的電子傳感器檢測(cè)開車者是否喝醉酒，并拒絕啟動(dòng)引擎。這種車還能在遇竊后通報(bào)警方，告知車輛的確切地點(diǎn)。

14.單選題

Theoldpapermillhasbeen（）tomakewayforanewshoppingcenter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helddown

B.keptdown

C.cutdown

D.turndown

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)helddown“抑制”；B選項(xiàng)keptdown“控制”；C選項(xiàng)cutdown“削減”；D選項(xiàng)turndown“推倒”。句意：舊造紙廠已被拆除，以便騰出地方建一個(gè)新的購(gòu)物中心。本句表示拆除舊造紙廠，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan（）tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的論據(jù)未標(biāo)明，人類在這些資源的使用上能浪費(fèi)得起。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resort常去，求助，訴諸，resortto依靠，求助于；;grant授予，允許，承認(rèn)，grantto同意給予，準(zhǔn)予；afford給予，提供，承擔(dān)得起;affordto（有條件）做，承擔(dān)得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起；entitle給……稱號(hào)，使……有權(quán)利。因此C符合句意。

16.單選題

“Museum”isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion.amuses'shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples—notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)-hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters.WhilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant"Muses'shrine".

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold—enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,midlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredMuses’shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly“inspirational”collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary??modem”workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtooloff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-1nselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKtmsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（

）.

2.Theideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginatesfrom

（

）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat

（

）.

4.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

（

）.

5.Modernmuseumscomeintoexistenceinorderto

（

）.

6.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

B.improveexistingcollections

C.stimulatepublicinterest

D.raisemorefunds

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Collectionandcollectors

B.Theevolutionofmuseums

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。slippery意為狡猾的，不穩(wěn)定的。再根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)，這里是指它的意思多年來已經(jīng)改變了。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希臘語(yǔ)中)獻(xiàn)給繆斯女神的任何東西：一座小山、一座神殿、一座花園、一個(gè)節(jié)日，甚至是一本教科書?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)D正確。

3.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)原文句意：隨著它們的增加和擴(kuò)大，作為補(bǔ)充，造假者的技藝變得越來越精湛。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“theywerenot‘collected’either,but‘site-specific’,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它們不是被“收藏”，而是“特定場(chǎng)地的”，被認(rèn)為是建筑不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段中“thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries...”對(duì)皇室和教堂遺跡的憤怒促使古物學(xué)家把它們（文物）藏在避難所的陳列室里。由此可知，是為了保護(hù)皇家和教堂的財(cái)富，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

6.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是“museum”一詞的變化過程，所以選項(xiàng)B最能概括全文。

17.單選題

Therebelarmy（）thedemocraticgovernmentofthecountrylawlessly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overthrew

B.overtook

C.overturned

D.overruled

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；趕上”；overturned“推翻；傾覆”；overruled“駁回；否決”，根據(jù)rebelarmy“叛軍”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此處應(yīng)該是指叛軍推翻了民主政府，所以答案從選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C之間選；overturn主要是指某種具體事物在位置上的顛倒，或者是指推翻某種已有的理論或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某種制度或者機(jī)構(gòu)，所以此處用overthrow比較恰當(dāng)，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

18.單選題

Everyoneintheauditoriumwasweepingbythetimehefinishedhis（）tale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sympathetic

B.pathetic

C.synthetic

D.interesting

【答案】B

【解析】sympathetic同情的；pathetic悲慘的；synthetic綜合的，人造的；interesting有趣的。根據(jù)句意可知，觀眾們都哭了，說明這是一個(gè)悲慘的故事。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

19.單選題

測(cè)試用試題，請(qǐng)勿組到其他試卷中，過會(huì)就會(huì)刪掉111

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

E.6

【答案】C

【解析】第1題:

測(cè)試解析

20.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayof180to200wordsonthetopic:“PrivateCarsShouldNotBeEncouragedinChina?”Youressayshouldincludeabeginning,abodyandaconclusion.Pleasepayspecialattentiontoitsstructure,contentandlanguage.Writetheessayontheanswersheet.

【答案】略

21.單選題

Thewordconservationhasathrifty（節(jié)儉）meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“l(fā)imitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.

Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands,soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.

Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable（水位）inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds（上游源頭森林地帶集水區(qū)）needtotheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfiguredoutonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubitvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn’trealize（

）.

4.Toavoidcorrectingthemistakeofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

5.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.neutral

C.suspicious

D.critical

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry

B.theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotection

C.theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudy

D.theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings

B.theimportanceoftheproperuseofland

C.theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods

D.thevalueofthebeautyofnature

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.weplantmoretrees

B.naturalsciencebetaughttoeverybody

C.environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone

D.wereturntonature

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.OurForefathers’BigMistake

B.ImprovetheLivingConditions

C.ProtectionofOurResources

D.LeadaSimpleLife

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“l(fā)imitless”and“inexhaustible”提到很多人直到現(xiàn)在還愚蠢地以為那些資源是取之不盡用之不竭的，從foolish這個(gè)單詞可知作者對(duì)此持批判態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段主要講述由于幾十年前林業(yè)科學(xué)還是一門沒有普及的學(xué)科，使得我們的祖先們沒有好好保護(hù)環(huán)境。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A,C,D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以歸納為當(dāng)時(shí)的人還沒有環(huán)保意識(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第三段最后一句話Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan提到我們應(yīng)該把保存自然原始的美作為目標(biāo)，由此推斷我們的祖先當(dāng)時(shí)沒有把這個(gè)當(dāng)成目標(biāo)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章最后一段使用了多次weneedtoknow,weneedtobetaught等，可知作者提倡使用教育的方法來提高人們的科學(xué)知識(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)conserve,conservation這兩個(gè)詞，可知作者所要表達(dá)的中心思想便是保護(hù)環(huán)境資源。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

22.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed45minutestowriteashortessayofabout300wordsfollowingthepicturegivenbelow:(1)Describethepicture.(2)Giveyouropinion.WritetheessayontheANSWERSHEET(2)only.

【答案】Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,anoldfatherissittingaloneinsofA.Therearetwobirthdaygiftsfromhisoldestsonandsecondson,butnochildrenkeepcompanywiththeoldman.

Thepicturereflectsacommonsocialphenomenonfromanangle—peopletendtocaremoreforthenextgeneration,andregretfully,notafewyoungcouplesneglecttoshowthesameconcernovertheiroldparents,andsomeofthemeventreattheiroldparentsbadly.

Frommypointofview,whatwecandoisstrikeabetterbalancebetweenthetwopoles:thechildrenandtheparents.Torespectandtakegoodcareofoldparentsisourdueresponsibility,whichhasbeenahighlyprizedvirtueamongtheChineseforovertwothousandyears.Ontheonehand,wearesupposedtoplanthetimewisely.Afterspendingmostoftimeonschoolassignmentsandhomework,wecanspendonehourortwoontheInternetaweek.Asahighschoolstudent,toomuchtimespentonlinewillleadtofailureinexams.Busyasweare,weshouldbynomeansneglecttoofferouroldparentsmaterialandemotionalsupports.Ontheotherhand,weareexpectedtoofferhelpstoourparentsratherthanwaitfortheirasking.Moreimportant,weshouldbealwaysreadytotalkwithourparents,whichcaneasetheirmindsandremovestheworries.Onlyinthiswaycanaharmoniousatmospherebecreatedinthefamilylife.Lastly,weshouldalwaysrememberthatwhatyouhavedoneforyouroldparentsisnotonlyarepaymenttothem,butalsoagoodexampletoeducateyourownchildren.

Itisnotdifficultindoingtheseeasythings,orwewilllosethechancetolovethemforever.

23.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisOneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned（便形成條件反射）micetoavoidsaccharin（糖精）bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweeterandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthe'highestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoturnofftheelectricity（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（

）.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAcer'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

（

）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablyreasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperimentwasthat

（

）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itledstomachpains

C.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybysaccharin

B.thesweetenedwaspoisontothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.（Laudenslager發(fā)現(xiàn)，無(wú)助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平，而那些能關(guān)掉電源的老鼠去沒有受到影響）可知選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.（但是，如果這些動(dòng)物遇到了它們無(wú)法控制的情況，那么當(dāng)它們面對(duì)他們能夠控制的經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)，它們會(huì)表現(xiàn)出被動(dòng)的行為）可知選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.（把糖精和胃痛聯(lián)系起來，老鼠很快就學(xué)會(huì)了避免吃甜味劑）可知選D。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的第一句Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.（人們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了大腦如何改變免疫反應(yīng)的最開始的例子之一）和最后一句Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.（他只能推測(cè)，他已經(jīng)成功地對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行了調(diào)節(jié)，現(xiàn)在單用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)，足以殺死它們）可推測(cè)Ader’s的實(shí)驗(yàn)中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大腦改變了它們的免疫系統(tǒng)，因此選C

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段中提出了本文的主題stressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimals（壓力似乎會(huì)影響低等動(dòng)物的免疫防御能力），然后舉例證明其觀點(diǎn)。第一段中Laudenslager的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明：對(duì)事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系統(tǒng)的弱化，而不是由實(shí)驗(yàn)本身造成的；第二段中JayWeiss認(rèn)為：被允許控制不愉快刺激的動(dòng)物不會(huì)產(chǎn)生睡眠障礙或典型的應(yīng)激大鼠的大腦化學(xué)變化；最后一段中Ader’s的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：他已經(jīng)成功地對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行了調(diào)節(jié)，現(xiàn)在單用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)是在一些特定條件下進(jìn)行的，因此可推斷動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)能被條件反射所削弱，因此選A。

24.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofblackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackfictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.

Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt’sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackfictionwh