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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寶雞職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Agoodexampleofthisisfoundinthekineticmoleculartheory,inwhichgasesarepicturedlikebeingmadeupofmany

A

B

C

D

smallparticlesthatareinconstantmotion.

【答案】Dlike改為as

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】picturesth.assth.意思為“把……設(shè)想成……”,此題用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),即gasesarepicturedas。

【句意】理論通常包含假設(shè)的模型,以幫助科學(xué)家描繪觀察到的事件產(chǎn)生的方式。分子運(yùn)動(dòng)理論就是一個(gè)很好的例子。在這個(gè)理論中,氣體被設(shè)想成由許多不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)的小顆粒組成。

2.單選題

RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.

Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt’sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackFictionwhichsolelypoliticalstudieshaveoverlookedorignored.

WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackFiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthantheracialidentitytotheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthors?Second,howdoesBlackFictionmakeitselfdistinctfromothermodernfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneous?RosenblattshowsthatBlackFictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable,coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlacksoverthelasteightyyears,hediscoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.Thesestructuresarethematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthesenovelsexistinapredominantlyWhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebelagainstit.

BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity,heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks,yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobestructurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaesthetic?Inaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanTommer’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?

Inspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastuteandworthwhilestudy.BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-coloredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.

26.TheauthorofthepassageobjectstocriticismofBlackFictionlikethatbyAddisonGaylebecauseit________.

27.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

28.TheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatBlackFictionwouldhavebeenimproved,hadRosenblatt________.

29.Theauthor’sdiscussionofBlackFictioncanbebestdescribedas________.

30.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagewouldbeLEASTlikelytoapproveofwhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizespurelyliteraryaspectsofsuchfiction

B.misinterpretstheideologicalcontentofsuchfiction

C.misunderstandsthenotionsofBlackidentitycontainedinsuchfiction

D.substitutespoliticalforliterarycriteriainevaluatingsuchfiction

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.evaluatingthesoundnessofaworkofcriticism

B.comparingvariouscriticalapproachestoasubject

C.discussingthelimitationsofaparticularkindofcriticism

D.summarizingthemajorpointsmadeinaworkofcriticism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.evaluatedmorecarefullytheideologicalandhistoricalaspectsofBlackFiction

B.attemptedtobemoreobjectiveinhisapproachtonovelsandstoriesbyBlackFiction

C.exploredingreaterdetailtherecurrentthematicconcernsofBlackFictionthroughoutitshistory

D.assessedtherelativeliterarymeritofthenovelsheanalyzesthematically

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pedanticandcontentious

B.criticalbutadmiring

C.ironicanddeprecating

D.argumentativebutunfocused

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AnanalysisoftheinfluenceofpoliticaleventsonthepersonalideologyofBlackwriters.

B.AcriticalstudythatappliessociopoliticalcriteriatoautobiographiesbyBlackauthors.

C.AliterarystudyofBlackpoetrythatappraisesthemeritsofpoemsaccordingtothepoliticalacceptabilityoftheirthemes.

D.AnexaminationofthegrowthofadistinctBlackliterarytraditionwithinthecontextofBlackhistory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.(例如,艾迪生?蓋爾最近的作品通過公開的政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)《黑人小說》的價(jià)值,根據(jù)其中提出的黑人身份概念來(lái)對(duì)每一部作品進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)。),可知作者反對(duì)艾迪生用政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)《黑人小說》,D選項(xiàng)“用政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替文學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)這類小說”正確,A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)這種小說的純文學(xué)方面”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“誤解了這種小說的意識(shí)形態(tài)內(nèi)容”和C選項(xiàng)“誤解了這種小說中包含的黑人身份的概念”不是對(duì)艾迪生作品的描述,故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第一句WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackFiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.(然而,要寫出對(duì)《黑人小說》的可接受的評(píng)論,就必須對(duì)一些問題給出令人滿意的答案。),可知作者在討論如何讓對(duì)《黑人小說》的評(píng)論令大部分人接受,也就是合理,A選項(xiàng)“評(píng)價(jià)一部評(píng)論作品的合理性”正確。B選項(xiàng)“比較對(duì)某一主題的各種評(píng)論方法”,C選項(xiàng)“討論一種特定評(píng)論的局限性”和D選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)評(píng)論作品中的主要觀點(diǎn)”文章沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity,heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks,yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.(羅森布拉特的主題分析允許相當(dāng)?shù)目陀^性,他甚至明確表示,他無(wú)意評(píng)判各種作品的價(jià)值,但他的不情愿似乎放錯(cuò)了地方,特別是因?yàn)樵噲D評(píng)價(jià)可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生有趣的結(jié)果。),可知作者認(rèn)為要是能夠評(píng)價(jià)其(文學(xué))價(jià)值就更好了,D選項(xiàng)“評(píng)價(jià)他從主題上分析的小說的相關(guān)文學(xué)價(jià)值”正確,B選項(xiàng)“試圖用更客觀的方法來(lái)看待黑人作家的小說和故事”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“更仔細(xì)地評(píng)價(jià)《黑人小說》的意識(shí)形態(tài)和歷史方面”:根據(jù)第二段第一句talkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.(將小說和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識(shí)形態(tài)的工具來(lái)探討,會(huì)在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。),可知作者不支持探討小說的意識(shí)形態(tài),故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“更詳細(xì)地探討《黑人小說》在其歷史上反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的主題關(guān)切”文章沒有提到,故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

29.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段第一句BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.(《黑人小說》確實(shí)存在一些美學(xué)問題。)和文章最后一句Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.(它的論點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)緊密,直率、清晰的風(fēng)格體現(xiàn)了冷靜和尖銳的批評(píng)。),作者指出了《黑人小說》的一些問題,在最后對(duì)其進(jìn)行肯定,B選項(xiàng)“批判而贊賞”正確。A選項(xiàng)“賣弄學(xué)問,有爭(zhēng)議”,C選項(xiàng)“諷刺并反對(duì)”和D選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論但不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

30.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段第一句RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.(羅杰?羅森布拉特的著作《黑人小說》試圖將文學(xué)而非社會(huì)政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用于其研究對(duì)象,成功地改變了以前大多數(shù)研究采用的研究方法。),可知作者這里想要肯定根據(jù)文學(xué)本身而非政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究文學(xué),所以C選項(xiàng)“黑人詩(shī)歌的文學(xué)研究,根據(jù)詩(shī)歌主題的政治可接受性來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)詩(shī)歌的價(jià)值”,不符合文章意思,正確。A選項(xiàng)“政治事件對(duì)黑人作家個(gè)人意識(shí)形態(tài)的影響分析”和B選項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)將社會(huì)政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用于黑人作家自傳的批判性研究”:根據(jù)第一段第二、三句AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.(羅森布拉特指出,對(duì)黑人作品的批評(píng)常常成為闡述黑人歷史的借口。例如,艾迪生?蓋爾最近的作品通過公開的政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)《黑人小說》的價(jià)值,根據(jù)其中提出的黑人身份概念來(lái)對(duì)每一部作品進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)。),可知?dú)v史事件常常影響作家,并且作者不贊同通過政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)文學(xué)作品,符合文章意思。D選項(xiàng)“在黑人歷史的背景下考察一個(gè)獨(dú)特的黑人文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的成長(zhǎng)”:文章通過這部改變了以前大多數(shù)研究采用的研究方法的《黑人小說》作為例子講述了黑人文學(xué)的成長(zhǎng),符合文章意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theteacherdidn’tbelievethatTedwasannoyingmeuntilshesawhiminthe____actofpullingmyhair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.public

B.opponent

C.overt

D.oblique

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.public公開的;大庭廣眾的B.opponent反對(duì)者n.

C.overt公開的;公然的D.oblique隱晦的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與形容詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處前后語(yǔ)義為“老師一直不相信Ted在煩我,直到她看見他____扯我的頭發(fā)?!备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)義銜接可知,此處應(yīng)該為C選項(xiàng)overt“公開的;公然的”符合語(yǔ)義要求,側(cè)重于指行為不是偷偷做的。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)public“公開的;大庭廣眾的”,側(cè)重于指面向公眾的;

B選項(xiàng)opponent“反對(duì)者”,不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接;

D選項(xiàng)oblique“隱晦的”,不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】直到老師看見Ted公然扯我的頭發(fā)時(shí),她才相信他在煩我。

4.單選題

CantheInternethelppatientsjumpthelineatthedoctor'soffice?TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline"virtualvisits"betweendoctorsatthreebiglocalmedicalgroupsandabout6,000employeesandtheirfamilies.ThesixemployerstakingpartintheSiliconValleyinitiative,includingheavyhitterssuchasOracleandCiscoSystems,hopethatonlinevisitswillmeanemployeeswon'thavetoskipworktoattendtominorailmentsortofollowuponchronicconditions."Withourlongcommutesandtraffic,driving40milestoyourdoctorinyourhometowncanbeabigchunkoftime,"saysCindyConway,benefitsdirectoratCadenceDesignSystems,oneoftheparticipatingcompanies.

Doctorsaren'tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;thoughtheyspendsomeunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseverE-mailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialogue.“Wearenotstupid,"saysStiflingSomers,executivedirectoroftheSiliconValleyemployersgroup."Doctorsgettingpaidisacriticalpieceingettingthistowork."Inthepilotprogram,physicianswillget$20peronlineconsultation,aboutwhattheygetforasimpleofficevisit.

Doctorsalsofearthey'llbeswampedbyramblingE-mailsthattelleverythingbutwhat'sneededtomakeadiagnosis.SothenewprogramwillusetechnologysuppliedbyHealinx,anAlameda,Calif.-basedstart-up.Healinx's"SmartSymptomWizard"questionspatientsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage.Thecompanyhasonlinedialoguesfor60commonconditions.Thedoctorcanthendiagnosetheproblemandoutlineatreatmentplan,whichcouldincludeE-mailingaprescriptionoraface-to-facevisit.

CanE-mailreplacethedoctor'soffice?Manyconditions,suchaspersistentcough,requirestethoscopetodiscoverwhat'swrongandtoavoidamalpracticesuit.EvenLarryBonham,headofoneofthedoctor'sgroupsinthepilot,believesthevirtualdoctor'svisitsoffera“verynarrow"sliverofservicebetweenphonecallstoanadvicenurseandavisittotheclinic.

Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice.Sofar,theInternet'srecordinthehealthfieldhasbeenunderwhelming.Theexperimentis"ahugerollofthediceforHealing",notesMichaelBarrett,ananalystatInternetconsultingfirmForesterResearch.Ifthe"Webvisits"succeed,someHMOs(HealthMaintenanceOrganizations)areexpectedtopayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren'tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-uptostanddown.

1.TheSiliconValleyemployerspromotetheE-healthprogramforthepurposeof().

2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheon-linedoctors'visits?

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,doctorsare().

4."SmartSymptomWizard"iscapableof().

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefutureofonlinevisitswillmostlydependonwhether().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rewardingtheiremployees

B.gratifyingthelocalhospitals

C.boostingworkerproductivity

D.testingasophisticatedtechnology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareaquitepromisingbusiness.

B.Theyarefundedbythelocalgovernment.

C.Theyarewelcomedbyallthepatients.

D.Theyareverymuchunderexperimentation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reluctanttoserveonlinefornothing

B.notinterestedinWebconsultation

C.tootiredtotalktothepatientonline

D.contentwith$20paidperWebvisit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingdiagnoses

B.producingprescriptions

C.profilingpatients'illness

D.offeringatreatmentplan

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theemployerswouldremainconfidentinthem

B.theycouldeffectivelyreplaceofficevisits

C.HMOswouldcoverthecostoftheservice

D.newtechnologieswouldbeavailabletoimprovetheE-healthproject

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出了目的:Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice(為期九個(gè)月的這次的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目,也希望去確定網(wǎng)上問診是否將提高員工的生產(chǎn)率足夠到抵消服務(wù)成本)。因此C項(xiàng)“提高工作效率”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。第一段第二句指出:TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline“virtualvisits”(作為資深技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)的硅谷雇主論壇推出了一個(gè)試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目來(lái)測(cè)試虛擬訪問(即網(wǎng)上問診))。由此可知D選項(xiàng)“它們還在實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)中”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:醫(yī)生不愿意在網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)服務(wù)。B:對(duì)網(wǎng)上咨詢不感興趣。C:太累而不能與病人在網(wǎng)上聊天。D:對(duì)一次網(wǎng)上問診20美元的價(jià)格滿意。第二段第一句及第二句指出:Doctorsaren’tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;thoughtheyspendsomeunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseverE-mailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialogue(醫(yī)生們并沒有叫嚷著要免費(fèi)和病人在線聊天,盡管他們?cè)陔娫捝匣艘恍o(wú)償?shù)臅r(shí)間。據(jù)研究公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)話(CyberDialogue)稱,只有五分之一的人曾給病人發(fā)過電子郵件,只有9%的人對(duì)此感興趣)。由此可知,A項(xiàng)正確,B項(xiàng)不正確。C項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)并未被文章提及,故排除。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Healinx’s“SmartSymptomWizard”questionspatientsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage(Healinx的“智能癥狀向?qū)А毕蚧颊咛釂?,并將答案轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)潔的信息)。因此C選項(xiàng)“扼要描述病人的病情”正確。而其余三項(xiàng)均是醫(yī)生的工作。因此本題選C。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:雇主將仍對(duì)它們有信心。B:它們能有效替代醫(yī)院?jiǎn)栐\。C:健康維護(hù)組織會(huì)承擔(dān)服務(wù)費(fèi)用。D:改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)健康工程的新技術(shù)將存在。最后一段指出:Ifthe“Webvisits”succeed,someHMOs(HealthMaintenanceOrganizations)areexpectedtopayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren'tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-uptostanddown(如果“網(wǎng)上問診”成功,一些健康維護(hù)組織(HMO)將為在線訪問付費(fèi)。如果醫(yī)生、雇主和病人都不滿意,那就再找一家電子健康初創(chuàng)公司)。由此可知D項(xiàng)正確,A項(xiàng)過于片面。而B項(xiàng)屬于過度推理,C項(xiàng)只是結(jié)果,并不是條件。因此本題選D。

5.單選題

Themanagerpromisedtopaythemwellandinreturnhewouldexpecttheirloyaltyand().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.execution

B.commitment

C.endurance

D.persistence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。Execution“實(shí)行,執(zhí)行”;commitment“承諾,承擔(dān)義務(wù)”;endurance“忍耐,持久性”。句意:這位經(jīng)理承諾給他們高報(bào)酬,并且作為回報(bào),他能夠得到他們的忠誠(chéng)對(duì)待和義務(wù)的承擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Eversincethepresident’ssexualscandalwasmadepublic,therehasbeena(

)fallinhispopularity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.domestic

B.imaginary

C.drastic

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:自從總統(tǒng)的性丑聞公開以來(lái),他的聲譽(yù)持續(xù)急劇下降。

形容詞辨析。domestic國(guó)內(nèi)的,家庭的;imaginary想象中的,幻想的;drastic急劇的,嚴(yán)厲的;numerous眾多的,許多的。故C符合句意。

7.問答題

Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).

【答案】試題答案:D;ayoungman’s

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。as...as意為“與……一樣”,hismovements(他的動(dòng)作)不能與ayoungman(年輕人)進(jìn)行比較,應(yīng)與ayoungman’smovements比較,為了避免重復(fù),此處可將ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略,改為ayoungman's。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.Andasaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofborrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathighratesofinterest,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.Theyhaveacriticalattitudetowardsomeofthebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasses,hatredofthepolice,mistrustofgovernmentandthoseinhighposition.Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofmiddle-classvalues,talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthewholetheydonotlivebythem.Forexample,manywilltellyouthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformofmarriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomenwhoareimmatureandgenerallyunreliable.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,thewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecidetoleavetheirmen.Freeunionalsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseoranyotherpropertytheymayown.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,adefiningcharacteristicofpoorpeopleisthatthey________.

2.Theauthorusesthephrase“cultureofpoverty”(Para.2)tosuggestthat________.

3.Byassertingthatthecultureofpovertycanbeusedbypoliticalmovements,theauthoris________.

4.Menandwomeninthecultureofpovertywhoavoidlegalizedmarriages________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobs

B.areconstantlyinastateofcrisis

C.aresomewhatresponsiblefortheirownpoverty

D.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsociety

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorpeopleoftentakeprideintheirpoverty

B.forsomepeoplepovertyhasbecomeaprevailingwayoflife

C.poorpeopleshareacommonbackground

D.thereareseverallevelsandclassificationsofpoorpeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.predictinganuprisingbythepoor

B.citingareasonforeliminatingpoverty

C.criticizingthemotivesofpoliticians

D.alludingtoaparticularhistoricalevent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.havepracticalandeconomicconsiderations

B.prefertobeindependent

C.cannotaffordtomarryandraiseafamily

D.donottrusteachotherlikehusbandandwife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.(低工資、長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)和就業(yè)不足導(dǎo)致低收入、沒有財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)、沒有儲(chǔ)蓄、家里沒有糧食儲(chǔ)備和長(zhǎng)期現(xiàn)金短缺。)從這里可以看出B選項(xiàng)“窮人最典型的特點(diǎn)就是一直處在一種危機(jī)狀態(tài)”正確;A選項(xiàng)“缺少進(jìn)入體面工作的技能”;C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己的貧窮負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任”;D選項(xiàng)“隔絕于主流社會(huì)”文章都沒有提及。

第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段話Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.(他們的文化和教育水平低,不是政黨成員,一般不參加國(guó)家福利機(jī)構(gòu),很少使用銀行、醫(yī)院、百貨商店和博物館。)從這里可以看出答案選C“他們有著相同的背景”。其他選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)“窮人對(duì)自己的貧窮很自豪”;B選項(xiàng)“一些人的貧窮已經(jīng)成為流行的生活方式”;D選項(xiàng)“窮人里面也有很多等級(jí)和區(qū)分”文章都沒有提及。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段最后一句話Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.(這使得貧窮文化極有可能引發(fā)抗議并被某種政治運(yùn)動(dòng)利用來(lái)反對(duì)現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)秩序的。)由此可以推斷答案選C選項(xiàng)“批判政治家的動(dòng)機(jī)”。A選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)窮人的起義”;B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用消除貧窮的原因”;D選項(xiàng)“暗指一個(gè)特定的歷史事件”都不符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三句Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense(男人沒有穩(wěn)定的工作或其他收入來(lái)源,那些沒有自己的財(cái)產(chǎn),沒有財(cái)富傳給他們的孩子,面向現(xiàn)在和希望避免犧牲和因?yàn)榉稍螂y以參與正式的結(jié)婚和離婚,自由結(jié)合或雙方同意的婚姻有更多意義)和最后一段第五句Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.(女性覺得雙方自愿的結(jié)合給了她們更好的喘息機(jī)會(huì);這給了她們一些男性所擁有的自由和靈活性。)所以答案選A“有一些實(shí)際和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的考慮”。B選項(xiàng)“更喜歡獨(dú)立”和C選項(xiàng)“承擔(dān)不起婚姻和養(yǎng)育家庭”有點(diǎn)片面只說出男性或者女性的原因;D選項(xiàng)“不信任對(duì)方成為妻子或者丈夫”,這個(gè)文章沒有提及。

9.填空題

Trynottousetheairconditioningtoomuch.Themorepoweryouuse,the(

)yourelectricalbillwillbe.

【答案】bigger

【解析】語(yǔ)法題??疾椤皌he+比較級(jí)……the+比較級(jí)……”的固定句型,,表示“越……就越……”,根據(jù)意思“使用的電越多,電費(fèi)賬單就會(huì)越大”,故需填入bigger。

10.單選題

Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomake______forelderlypeopleintheirhousingprograms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preparation

B.requirement

C.specification

D.provision

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。preparation“準(zhǔn)備”,強(qiáng)調(diào)為必然發(fā)生的事情做準(zhǔn)備;requirement“要求;必需品”;specification“規(guī)格;說明書”;provision“規(guī)定;準(zhǔn)備”,強(qiáng)調(diào)預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備,事情只是可能會(huì)發(fā)生。句意:當(dāng)?shù)卣庾R(shí)到有必要在住房計(jì)劃中為老年人預(yù)先采取措施。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.(1)thatlogic,2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still(2)intheirminds,AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisasterinU.S.history,on(3)TV.Anyonewhodidn’tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade(4)worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour(5)toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.Granted,someamountofdelusionisprobablypartofthe(6)condition.InAD.63,Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquake,andthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork(7)inthesamespot—untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta(8)ofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat(9)themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe(10)didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturns(11)thatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyis(12)thestorm,thequakeorthe(13)itself.Moreoften,itisourselves.Sowhathashappenedintheyearthat(14)thedisasterontheGulfCoast?InNewOrleans,theArmyCorpsofEngineershasworkeddayandnighttorebuildthefloodwalls.Theyhavegotthewallsto(15)theywerebeforeKatrina,moreorless.That’snot(16),wecannowsaywithconfidence.Butitmaybeall(17)canbeexpectedfromoneyearofhustle.Meanwhile,NewOrleansofficialshavecraftedaplantousebusesandtrainsto(18)thesickandthedisabled.Thecityestimatesthat15,000peoplewillneeda(19)out.However,stateofficialshavenotyetdeterminedwherethesepeoplewillbetaken.The(20)withneighboringcommunitiesareongoinganddifficult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.To

B.By

C.On

D.For

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fresh

B.obvious

C.apparent

D.evident

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.visual

B.vivid

C.live

D.lively

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.little

B.less

C.more

D.much

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reluctance

B.rejection

C.dental

D.decline

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.world

C.social

D.human

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.revising

B.refining

C.rebuilding

D.retrieving

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.review

B.reminder

C.concept

D.prospect

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.preparing

B.protesting

C.protecting

D.prevailing

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.never

B.ever

C.then

D.before

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.up

B.down

C.over

D.out

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.merely

B.rarely

C.incidentally

D.accidentally

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.surge

B.spur

C.surf

D.splash

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.ensued

B.traced

C.followed

D.occurred

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.what

D.when

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.enough

B.certain

C.conclusive

D.final

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.as

C.that

D.those

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.exile

B.evacuate

C.dismiss

D.displace

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.ride

B.trail

C.path

D.track

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.conventions

B.notifications

C.communications

D.negotiations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)to“朝”;B選項(xiàng)by“由,被,通過”;C選項(xiàng)on“在……上”D選項(xiàng)for“為了”。句意:歷史上,人類只有在災(zāi)難發(fā)生后才會(huì)認(rèn)真避免災(zāi)難。_____這種邏輯,2006年應(yīng)該是理性行為取得突破的一年。通過對(duì)前句的分析理解,知道人性的本質(zhì),只有在遭受了痛苦之后才會(huì)重視痛苦,于是后句緊跟的連詞應(yīng)該是表示解釋說明,只有by可以表示通過,而這里表達(dá)的含義是“通過這種邏輯……”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fresh“新鮮的”;B選項(xiàng)obvious“明顯的”,多用于指“容易知道或發(fā)現(xiàn),無(wú)須解釋或證明的”的事;C選項(xiàng)apparent“顯而易見的,一目了然的”,多指“思想上容易理解的”的事;D選項(xiàng)evident“明顯的,明白的”,多用于推理及抽象的事。句意:9/11事件仍記憶_____。這里表達(dá)的句意是“9/11事件仍然記憶猶新”,而不是說它很明顯,突出的是這件事的歷歷在目,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)visual“視覺的,視力的”;B選項(xiàng)vivid“生動(dòng)的,鮮明的”;C選項(xiàng)live“活的,實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演的”;D選項(xiàng)lively“活潑的,生動(dòng)的,真實(shí)的”。句意:美國(guó)人通過電視_____觀看了卡特里娜颶風(fēng),這是美國(guó)歷史上最昂貴的災(zāi)難。這里表達(dá)的是“電視直播”的意思,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)little“小的,很少的,短暫的”;B選項(xiàng)less“更少的”;C選項(xiàng)more“更多的”;D選項(xiàng)much“非常,很”。句意:我們對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的故意視而不見,以及我們?cè)谝磺邢萑肜Ь持安辉腹餐?,都讓情況變得_____糟。在比較級(jí)前面添加副詞,只能用副詞原級(jí),不能再用比較級(jí)。B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文章的感情色彩,文章表示的是貶義,在嘲笑人們喜歡做馬后炮的事情,所以是使事情“更糟糕”,用much不用little,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reluctance“勉強(qiáng),不情愿”;B選項(xiàng)rejection“拋棄,拒絕,被拋棄的東西”;C選項(xiàng)dental“牙科的,牙齒的,牙的”;D選項(xiàng)decline“下降,衰退”。句意:我們對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的故意視而不見,以及我們?cè)谝磺邢萑肜Ь持癬____共同努力,都讓情況變得更糟。這里考查了固定搭配reluctanceto“對(duì)于……不情愿”,而句子表達(dá)的意思就是人們?cè)诶Ь抽_始前不愿意去共同努力,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)natural“自然的,物質(zhì)的,天生的”;B選項(xiàng)world“世界”;C選項(xiàng)social“社會(huì)的,社交的”;D選項(xiàng)human“人,人類”。句意:誠(chéng)然,一些錯(cuò)覺可能是_____狀況的一部分。這里表達(dá)的意思是“人的生存條件”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)revising“校正,修改潤(rùn)色”;B選項(xiàng)refining“精煉,改善”;C選項(xiàng)rebuilding“重建,使復(fù)原”;D選項(xiàng)retrieving“取回,索回,檢索數(shù)據(jù)”。句意:龐貝古城在地震中遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窳⒓丛谕坏攸c(diǎn)開始_____工作。根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出,發(fā)生了地震那么就要重建,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)review“回顧,復(fù)習(xí)”;B選項(xiàng)reminder“暗示,提醒的人/物”;C選項(xiàng)concept“觀念,概念”;D選項(xiàng)prospect“前途,預(yù)期,景色”。句意:但是_____過去一年的災(zāi)難史就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)代美國(guó)人尤其不善于保護(hù)自己免受必然的威脅。后面接的單詞是history“歷史”,那么可以推斷出,我們是去“回顧歷史”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preparing“準(zhǔn)備”;B選項(xiàng)protesting“抗議,反對(duì)”;C選項(xiàng)protecting“保護(hù),防護(hù)”;D選項(xiàng)prevailing“盛行,流行”。句意:但是回顧過去一年的災(zāi)難史就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)代美國(guó)人尤其不善于_____自己免受必然的威脅。這里考查的固定搭配protectsomebodyfromsomething保護(hù)某人免受某事。而這里表示的就是保護(hù)美國(guó)人免受必然的威脅,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)never“從未,決不”;B選項(xiàng)ever“永遠(yuǎn),曾經(jīng),究竟”;C選項(xiàng)then“當(dāng)時(shí),然后,那么”;D選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”。句意:對(duì)于我們面臨的危險(xiǎn),我們比_____都更清楚。這里表達(dá)的意思是對(duì)于我們所面臨的災(zāi)難,我們比以前知道的更多。本句中did是用助動(dòng)詞取代實(shí)意動(dòng)詞know。因此這里的連詞只能用ever表示以前,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)turnup“出現(xiàn)”;B選項(xiàng)turndown“拒絕”;C選項(xiàng)turnover“反復(fù)考慮”;D選項(xiàng)turnout“最后是,結(jié)果是”。句意:但_____,在危機(jī)時(shí)刻,我們最大的敵人很少是風(fēng)暴、地震或巨浪本身。這里表達(dá)的意思是“但最后結(jié)果是,在危機(jī)時(shí)刻,我們最大的敵人很少是風(fēng)暴、地震或巨浪本身”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)merely“僅僅,只不過”;B選項(xiàng)rarely“很少地,難得,罕有地”;C選項(xiàng)incidentally“順便,偶然地,附帶地”,表示的偶然,還是有附帶性的,不是完全無(wú)根據(jù)的發(fā)生;D選項(xiàng)accidentally“意外地,偶然地”,傾向于沒有附帶性,完全出乎意料。句意:但事實(shí)證明,在危機(jī)時(shí)刻,我們最大的敵人_____是風(fēng)暴、地震或巨浪本身。這里表示的意思是,“敵人很少是那些災(zāi)難本身”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)surge“巨浪,洶涌,大浪,波濤”;B選項(xiàng)spur“馬刺,鞭策”;C選項(xiàng)surf“海浪,拍岸浪”;D選項(xiàng)splash“落水聲,拍水,濺上的液體”。句意:但事實(shí)證明,在危機(jī)時(shí)刻,我們最大的敵人很少是風(fēng)暴、地震或_____本身。根據(jù)前面的一些災(zāi)難名詞,可以推測(cè)這里也是一種災(zāi)難,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensued“接著發(fā)生,因而發(fā)生”;B選項(xiàng)traced“追溯,跟蹤”;C選項(xiàng)followed“跟著,聽從,繼承,……后面”;D選項(xiàng)occurred“發(fā)生”。句意:那么在墨西哥灣發(fā)生災(zāi)難_____一年中發(fā)生了什么呢?根據(jù)句意可以推測(cè)出,應(yīng)該是在那個(gè)災(zāi)難發(fā)生之后的一年又發(fā)生了什么,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)which“哪一個(gè),哪個(gè)”;B選項(xiàng)where“哪里”;C選項(xiàng)what“什么”,D選項(xiàng)when“什么時(shí)候”。句意:他們把墻建得和卡特里娜颶風(fēng)前差不

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