【定語從句】【高考考綱解讀】定語從句的用法較為復(fù)雜，高考除了單獨(dú)考查定語從句知識(shí)外，還常常結(jié)合句式結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)等來綜合考查?？v觀近幾年各地高考試題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其考點(diǎn)主要包括：1.考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)分。如:that,which和where,when的區(qū)分;that,which和why的區(qū)分等。2.考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物,在定語從句中作定語,后跟名詞。指物時(shí),whose＋名詞＝名詞＋ofwhich＝ofwhich＋名詞。如：Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.3.考查as/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。尤其要重視which，as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句和it，what引導(dǎo)的主語從句的區(qū)分。4.考查定語從句中的主謂一致現(xiàn)象。如： I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.5.考查“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句?！敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，指物時(shí)用which，不能用that。關(guān)系代詞作定語時(shí)也可用whose。如： Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.6.考查一些特殊的先行詞。如:當(dāng)situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等出現(xiàn)時(shí),要注意具體情況具體分析;作主語、賓語和表語時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞that/which;作狀語時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where/when或“介詞＋which”,表示在某種特定的情形下。7.考查定語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、時(shí)間狀語從句等的區(qū)別?！久}趨勢(shì)】定語從句是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)，主要考查常見關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法，比如which/that/as/when/where的用法及區(qū)別性的選擇等，及與其他從句如名詞性從句的區(qū)別等。在高考的中主要體現(xiàn)在語法填空，短文改錯(cuò)，完型填空等中，且完形填空80%每年會(huì)出一道題?！久麕熤笇?dǎo)】考生在定語從句的學(xué)習(xí)過程中存在著以下幾個(gè)問題：考生不能辨別定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇混亂，不清楚關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的使用情況；3.習(xí)慣性以翻譯的方式來理解定語從句、同位語從句，而使自己陷入困境之中；4.由于對(duì)句型結(jié)構(gòu)分析不到位，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)代詞與關(guān)系代詞錯(cuò)用的情況。定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．who,whom和whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在從句中作主語或賓語，whom在從句中作賓語；兩者在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)可用that替換。作主語時(shí)，who/that不可省略；作賓語時(shí)，whom/who/that可以省略?！鬒’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結(jié)識(shí)的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友?！鬒havemanyfriendstowhomI’mgoingtosendpostcards.我有很多打算寄賀卡給他們的朋友?！鬞hepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2015.我想與你討論的人是屠呦呦，2015年獲得諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的人。(2)whose表所屬關(guān)系，一般指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語。指物時(shí)相當(dāng)于ofwhich;指人時(shí)相當(dāng)于ofwhom?！鬞heschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.這家校內(nèi)商店的主要顧客是學(xué)生，放假時(shí)商店關(guān)門。eq\a\vs4\al()關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。◆Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.湯姆是想出解決方法的唯一工程師。2．that,which引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)which指物，在從句中可以作主語、賓語，也可作定語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。that指人或物均可，在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略?！鬝heshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichhadbeenconstructedthreeyearsbefore.她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。(2)限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只用that不用which的情況：①先行詞為不定代詞anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,theone等時(shí)?！鬒refusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’sfault.我拒絕接受因別人的錯(cuò)誤而對(duì)我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。②先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)?！鬞hefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他們?cè)诠鹆謪⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。③先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,any,every,each,few,little,no,some，all等修飾時(shí)?！鬞heonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.這頓飯只有甜點(diǎn)是我真正愛吃的。④先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。◆Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthatthey’veseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.他們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在他們的長(zhǎng)途旅行中見到或聽說過的人和事。(3)關(guān)系詞只用which而不用that的情況：①關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)?！鬞heboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.這個(gè)男孩離家一個(gè)星期了，這使他父母很擔(dān)心。②當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前，構(gòu)成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)?！鬢eliveinanageinwhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.我們生活在一個(gè)信息比以前更容易獲得的時(shí)代。3．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的定語從句※(1)as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，常用于“so/such/thesame＋先行詞＋as…”結(jié)構(gòu)中?！鬝uchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.像在我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。eq\a\vs4\al()which引導(dǎo)定語從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)只能位于主句之后?！?安徽高考)MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,whichmadeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使中國(guó)人長(zhǎng)久以來擁有的夢(mèng)想之一變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。(2)as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，定語從句說明整個(gè)句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的這種類似插入語的句式有：asthesayinggoes,asissaidabove,asismentionedabove,asoftenhappens,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等?！鬝hehasbeenabsentforthemeetingagain,asisexpected.她又缺席會(huì)議了，這在預(yù)料之中。[典例](2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語法填空)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver____________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.that/which解析：先行詞為waters，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故填that/which。單句語法填空1．(2015·陜西高考)Asalesman____________isnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.who解析：關(guān)系詞代替先行詞salesman在定語從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“不能守時(shí)的銷售者”。2．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit____________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.that/which解析：先行詞是ahabit，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。3．(2017·福建龍巖質(zhì)檢)Tibetissuchaplace____________allthepeopleacrosstheworldaredreamingofvisiting.as解析：句意：西藏是一個(gè)全世界所有的人都?jí)粝胗斡[的地方。定語從句的先行詞為aplace，其前有such修飾，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)。4．(2016·江蘇高考單項(xiàng)填空)Manyyoungpeople,mostof____________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.whom解析：句意：很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求自己的夢(mèng)想，他們中大部分都受過良好的教育。先行詞為youngpeople，指人，在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，故答案為whom。5．(2015·四川高考單項(xiàng)填空)Thebooksonthedesk，____________coversareshiny，areprizesforus.whose解析：句意：桌子上那些封面閃亮的書是為我們準(zhǔn)備的獎(jiǎng)品。該句的主句是“Thebooksareprizesforus.”。此處whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾限定先行詞books；“封面(covers)”是那些書的，因此要用whose表示所屬關(guān)系；此處的whosecovers等于thecoversofwhich。1．where引導(dǎo)的定語從句where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on…＋which”。◆(2015·北京高考單項(xiàng)填空)OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch，whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.＝OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch，inwhichyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.對(duì)面是圣保羅大教堂，你們?cè)谀抢锬苈牭揭恍﹦?dòng)聽的音樂。eq\a\vs4\al()當(dāng)先行詞為situation,case,stage,point，activity,atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)?！鬞heyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。2．when引導(dǎo)的定語從句when表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during…＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)?！?湖南高考單項(xiàng)填空)Iamlookingforwardtothedaywhenmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.我正期盼著那一天的到來，那時(shí)我女兒可以讀這本書，并且了解我對(duì)她的感情。3．why引導(dǎo)的定語從句why表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞for＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)?！鬌oyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tattendthemeeting?你知道他沒參加會(huì)議的原因嗎？eq\a\vs4\al()(1)選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的原則：在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)，最重要的是分析定語從句中所缺的成分。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語，必須用關(guān)系代詞；若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語，必須用關(guān)系副詞。Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語)(2)當(dāng)way表示方法、方式作先行詞，且后面的定語從句缺方式狀語時(shí)可以用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語，要用that或which引導(dǎo)，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohismother.[典例](2016·全國(guó)卷乙語法填空)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，____________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.when解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞when。單句語法填空1．(廣東高考)Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach____________wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.where解析：先行詞是beach，因?yàn)橄刃性~是地點(diǎn)名詞，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以填where。2．(2015·廣東高考語法填空)Whenharvestcamearound，hewasalreadysellingherbs，vegetablesandcottoninthemarket____________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.where解析：____________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly是定語從句，修飾先行詞market，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，故填where。3．(2016·天津高考單項(xiàng)填空)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,____________theweathermaybebetter.when解析：句意：我們將把在公園的野餐推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好。先行詞是nextweek，定語從句中不缺少主賓表，缺少時(shí)間狀語。1．介詞和關(guān)系代詞的確定介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞＋whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：(1)先行詞的意義；(2)從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；(3)句子的意思。◆TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。(bedevotedto“獻(xiàn)身，致力于”)◆(湖南高考)Careofthesoulisagradualprocessinwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.心靈的呵護(hù)是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程，在這一過程中，即使是生活中微小的細(xì)節(jié)也應(yīng)該考慮在內(nèi)?！鬜ecentlyIboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhich(＝whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.最近我買了個(gè)古代的花瓶，它的價(jià)錢很合理。2．“of＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后表示整體與部分的關(guān)系可以用ofwhich/whom?！鬑ehadalotoffriends，noneofwhomwouldofferhelptohimwhenhewasintrouble.他有許多朋友，但當(dāng)他遇到麻煩時(shí)沒有人會(huì)給他提供幫助?！?．“介詞＋where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句有時(shí)“介詞＋where”可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時(shí)要和“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別?！鬑isheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow，fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的頭很快從窗口探了出來，從那里除了樹木他什么也看不到。(fromwhere相當(dāng)于fromoutofthewindow，而不是fromthewindow)[典例](2016·浙江高考單項(xiàng)填空)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof____________hasbeenproved.which解析：句意：關(guān)于人類為什么哭的時(shí)候會(huì)流淚，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒有一個(gè)得到了證明。先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句用“代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。故答案為which。單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1．Iamlookingformyglasses,without____________Ican’twatchTVclearly.which解析：該定語從句的先行詞為glasses，并在從句中作介詞without的賓語，故用which。2．Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof____________Ihadevermetbefore.whom解析：定語從句的先行詞為friends，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞作介詞of的賓語，只能用whom。3．(浙江高考)Thechildren,allofwhichhadplayedthewholedaylong，werewornout.____________________which→whom解析：該定語從句的先行詞為children，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語，只能用whom。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．(2015·陜西高考語法和詞匯知識(shí))Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime____________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.when解析：句意：作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是渴望他能獨(dú)立的時(shí)候。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞time是表示時(shí)間的名詞；且定語從句中缺少狀語，故用when引導(dǎo)，when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。2．(2017·安徽安慶一中模擬)Iwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillage____________Ispentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.where解析：句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那個(gè)如此美麗的村莊，在那里我和祖父母一起度過我的童年。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是village，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此用where引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于inwhich。3．(2017·吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)第二次模擬)Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry,____________hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.who解析：句意：在那里他們遇到了從這個(gè)國(guó)家其他地方來的人，他們也是自愿來幫忙的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是people，從句缺少主語，故填關(guān)系代詞who。4．(2017·浙江臺(tái)州書生中學(xué)月考)Bobisinahopelesssituation，____________wewillkeepaverycloseeyeon.which解析：句意：鮑勃現(xiàn)在正處于絕望的境地，我們將持續(xù)密切關(guān)注。此處是非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是situation，從句中介詞on后面缺少賓語，故填which。5．Itwasapitythatthepolicemanfailedtofindtheperson____________thewitnesshaddescribed.that/who/whom解析：句意：真遺憾，警察沒有找到目擊者描述的那個(gè)人。本空需要關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，指人，此時(shí)可以用who，whom或that。6．(2017·湖南岳陽一中檢測(cè))Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson,____________madehiseldersondiscouraged.which解析：句意：那位老人把生意交給了小兒子，這使他的大兒子很沮喪。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面一整句話的內(nèi)容，并在從句中作主語，故填which。7．(2015·重慶高考單項(xiàng)填空)Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks，nearlyhalfof____________werepublishedinthe1990s.which解析：句意：他寫過很多兒童書籍，將近一半都是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。此題的先行詞是children’sbooks，指物，且設(shè)空處前有介詞of，此處是“代詞＋of＋which”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。8．(2017·浙江湖州中學(xué)期中)Tom’snewwatch____________handsaremadeofgoldisquiteexpensive.whose解析：句意：湯姆的新手表的指針是金制的，相當(dāng)昂貴。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為watch，hands與watch之間為所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)該從句。9．(2017·浙江平陽二中期中)Takeanactivepartintheactivitiesyouenjoy____________youcanmakemanyfriends.where/and解析：句意：積極參加你喜歡的活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中你能交到很多朋友。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是activities，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。也可填and，構(gòu)成“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。10．(2017·江蘇泰州一中模擬)Thosewhocanachievehighgradesinclasstendtobeweakinhandlingsomepracticalproblems，____________isoftenthecase.as解析：句意：那些能在課堂上取得高分的人往往不擅長(zhǎng)解決實(shí)際問題，這是常有的事情。asisoftenthecase意為“這是常有的事情”，為固定用法。11．(2017·遼寧朝陽三校聯(lián)考)Onanautumnafternoon,weweresenttoafarm____________welearnttoplantpotatoes.where解析：句意：在一個(gè)秋天的下午，我們被送到一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那里我們學(xué)習(xí)了種植土豆。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞afarm，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。12．(2017·浙江東陽二中調(diào)研)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose____________liveswereaffected.whose解析：句意：這本書從生活遭受了地震影響的人們的視角來講述地震的故事。主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，先行詞為those，引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中修飾名詞lives，作定語，因此用whose。13．(2017·浙江杭州余杭區(qū)期末)Thebaby，____________healthwasruinedaftertakingthemedicine，wasonlyoneyearold.whose解析：句意：那個(gè)嬰兒只有一歲，他的健康在服用那種藥物后被損害。第一個(gè)逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Thebaby，health與Thebaby之間為所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)。14．(2017·浙江東陽二中調(diào)研)HowIregrettednothavingstudiedhardatschool,____________ledtothefailureinmycareer!which解析：句意：我多后悔在學(xué)校沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)??！這導(dǎo)致了我事業(yè)的失敗。逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的nothavingstudiedhardatschool這件事，故用which引導(dǎo)。15．(2017·河北唐山一模)ThenInoticedanelderlyladywalkingwithdifficultyinfrontofme,____________seemedinher80s.who解析：句意：然后我注意到一位老婦人在我前面艱難地走著，看上去有80歲了。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為anelderlylady，指人，且在從句中作主語，故用who引導(dǎo)。16．(2017·河北定州中學(xué)模擬)Somethinkitisconvenienttogetintouchwithotherswiththecellphone，____________alsomakesthemfeelsafeespeciallyintimeoftrouble.which解析：句意：一些人認(rèn)為用手機(jī)與其他人聯(lián)系很方便，這也使他們感到安全特別是在遇到麻煩時(shí)。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thecellphone，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故用which引導(dǎo)。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯(cuò)1．(2017·江西南昌十所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二模)Wecanhearbirdssinginghappilyallaround.Everybodysleepsintents,thatisveryexciting.____________________that→which解析：第二句逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。故將that改為which。2．(2017·石家莊模擬)Everyonehasperiodsintheirlivesthateverythingseemsveryhard.____________________that→when解析：when引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞periods并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。3．(2017·嘉興測(cè)試)Iwillneverforgetthedayonthatwewenttobuyguitarsinaguitarstore.____________________that→which解析：定語從句中介詞的賓語指物用which，本句中onwhich＝when。4．Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,thatmadealotofpeopleadmireher.____________________that→which解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾前面整句話內(nèi)容。5．(2017·福建普通高中二檢)TherearethreepeopleinmyfamilyandI’mtheonlychild,whoisverycommoninChinesefamilies.____________________who→which解析：which引導(dǎo)定語從句代替前面整句話內(nèi)容。6．(2017·浙江杭州質(zhì)檢)Mostimportantly，livingwithyourfriendswillimproveyourteamspirit,thatwillbebeneficialtoyourfuturecareer.____________________that→which解析：從句前有逗號(hào)，故為非限制性定語從句，先行詞指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容，故應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。7．(2017·長(zhǎng)春七校第一次聯(lián)考)Isawa7-or8-year-oldboywearingaman’sovercoatitcoveredhimfromnecktotoe.____________________it→that/which解析：此處是定語從句，先行詞是aman’sovercoat，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故用that或which。8．(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.____________________that→which解析：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語?！究偨Y(jié)】【走向高考】Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2016·天津卷)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.2．(2016·浙江卷)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.3．(2016·江蘇卷)Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.4．(2016·北京卷)Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.5．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbackiomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.6．(2015·江蘇卷改編)Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.7．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I'dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.8．(2014·課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.9．(2016·浙江杭州余杭區(qū)期末改編)Thebaby,________healthwasruinedaftertakingthemedicine,wasonlyoneyearold.10．(2017·浙江東陽二中調(diào)研改編)HowIregrettednothavingstudiedhardatschool,________ledtothefailureinmycareer!11．(2017·安徽六校教育研究會(huì)聯(lián)考改編)Thoughitis20yearssincewelastmet,Istillrememberthescenein________wegotseparatedonarainyday.12．(2017·山東濟(jì)寧模擬)Thismeanspeoplecancheckoutthepictures________appearinthebrainsofanimalssuchasinsects,birds,andfish.13．(2017·遼寧省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)分校模擬)WhenIwasyoung,welivedinwhatisnowaforestpreserve.Peoplehadthebadhabitofabandoningdogs,________drovemypoormothercrazy!Wewerenotrichandalreadyhadadog.14．(2017·福建龍巖質(zhì)檢改編)Tibetissuchaplace________allthepeopleacrosstheworldaredreamingofvisiting.15．(2016·湖南益陽箴言中學(xué)模擬改編)Daddecidedtobuildasmalltoolroomwithalock,________hewouldkeephisbesttoolssomybrothercouldn'treachthem.16.(2018·江蘇)Self-drivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.17.(2018·北京)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.18.(2018·天津)Kate,_________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.19.(2018·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014_________showedamerefiveto10minutesAdayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.20.(2018·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.21.(2018·浙江)ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.Ⅱ.單句語法改錯(cuò)1．(2016·四川卷)ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavorite.________2．(2013·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.________3．(2015·天津卷改編)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherethathisemployeesenjoytheirwork.________4．(2015·北京卷改編)OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,whichyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.________5．(2017·江西南昌十所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二模)Wecanhearbirdssinginghappilyallaround.Everybodysleepsintents,thatisveryexciting.________6．(2017·浙江杭州質(zhì)檢)Mostimportantly,livingwithyourfriendswillimproveyourteamspirit,thatwillbebeneficialtoyourfuturecareer.________7．(2017·長(zhǎng)春七校第一次聯(lián)考)ItwasChristmas.Isawa7-or8-year-oldboywearingaman'sovercoatitcoveredhimfromnecktotoe.________8．(2017·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhoarefamilymembers.________9．(2017·山西沂州四校聯(lián)考)TheyellowhousewhichwindowsfacesouthistheplacewhereIspentmychildhood.________10．(2017·石家莊模擬)Everyonehasperiodsintheirlivesthateverythingseemsveryhard.________11.(2018·全國(guó)卷I)Theyalsohadasmallpond,whichtheyraisedfish.________12.(2018·全國(guó)卷II)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.________13.(2018·吉林省長(zhǎng)春高三四模)However,thereisaruletheparticipantsshallbeinagroup.________14.(2018·湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市雅禮中學(xué)、河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考)It’sagoodfeelingtoknowinourheartswearedoingourbestinaworldwhatisinserioustrouble.________15.(2018·河北省石家莊市第二中學(xué)高三仿真模擬（一）)Forathing,thesenseofhumorisnecessaryforateacher,whomakeshisclassinterestingandlively.________16.(2018·山西省太原市高三第二次模擬)Intheearlytwentycentury,homelesspeoplewereoftenbroughtupinorphanages,inthattheyreceivedlittlelove.________17.(2018·山東省泰安市高三第二次模擬)Wegottothemountaintopthatwewouldstayforawholenight.________18.(2018·遼寧省凌源市高考三模)Nowthereareabout3,000studentsinourschool,mostofwhoarelivingandhavingmealatschool.________19.(2018·河北省衡水中學(xué)高三第二次仿真模擬)Iactuallykeptthelightoninmybedroomthewholenight,thatfinallyputmeatease.________20.(2018·江西省臨川一中高三模擬考)Duringthepastfiveyears,hehasfostered33newvarietiesofriceseedswhataregrownonlandcovering600