哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告課程名稱：軟件設(shè)計(jì)模式系別：計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)系專業(yè)：軟件工程學(xué)號(hào)：1099111130姓名：陳天任學(xué)期：2012年春季學(xué)期實(shí)驗(yàn)成績：計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)系監(jiān)制實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱一：單例模式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:2012.4.21學(xué)時(shí)：2實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn):s203實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模赫莆震I式單例、懶式單例模式的基本實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，并體會(huì)兩種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式的特點(diǎn)。掌握單例模式的基本應(yīng)用。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：在項(xiàng)目的開發(fā)過程中，經(jīng)常需要讀取配置文件，根據(jù)配置文件的參數(shù)決定具體的軟件業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。ReadConfig.java程序?qū)嵗龑?shí)現(xiàn)了從配置文件”zzr.ini”文件中讀取data#數(shù)值的功能。zzr.ini文件內(nèi)容如下：data=123456789importjava.io.FileInputStream;importjava.io.FileNotFoundException;importjava.io.IOException;importjava.io.InputStream;importjava.util.Properties;publicclassReadConfig(privateStringparamA;publicReadConfig()(Propertiesp=newProperties();try(p.load(newFileInputStream("zzr.txt"));this.paramA=p.getProperty("data");}catch(FileNotFoundExceptione)(e.printStackTrace();}catch(IOExceptione)(e.printStackTrace();}}publicStringgetParamA()(returnparamA;}publicvoidsetParamA(StringparamA)(this.paramA=paramA;}publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[])(ReadConfigrc=newReadConfig();System.out.println("配置文件的值為："+rc.getParamA());}}1、運(yùn)行如上程序?qū)懗鲞\(yùn)行結(jié)果配置文件的值為：1234567892、如上程序，參照J(rèn)DK幫助文檔，逐行寫出注釋。importjava.io.*;//弓|入IO包importjava.util.Properties;//引入util包的Properties類publicclassReadConfig//創(chuàng)建ReadConfig類(privateStringparamA;//定義個(gè)私有的字符串publicReadConfig()//第一構(gòu)造方法(Propertiesp=newProperties();//new一個(gè)Propertier類的實(shí)例try//抓文件不存在和io異常(p.load(newFileInputStream("d:/zzr.ini"));//創(chuàng)建連接文件的流this.paramA=p.getProperty("data");//設(shè)置paramA的值等于文件中的DATA的屬性}catch(FileNotFoundExceptione)//處理異常(e.printStackTrace();//在控制臺(tái)顯示異常，給開發(fā)者看的}catch(IOExceptione)(e.printStackTrace();}}publicStringgetParamA()//定義一個(gè)方法返回字符串類型的paramA的值(returnparamA;}publicvoidsetParamA(StringparamA)//定義一個(gè)方法設(shè)置paramA的值(this.paramA=paramA;}publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[])//main主方法(ReadConfigrc=newReadConfig();//實(shí)例化ReadConfig一個(gè)實(shí)例System.out.println("配置文件的值為："+rc.getParamA());//輸出paramA的值}}3、在程序中，通過newReadConfig();來得到配置文件的內(nèi)容。在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，有可能多處使用配置文件，就需要我們多次進(jìn)行new操作。每一次的new都是一次讀取外部文件的過程，然后將讀取到得的參數(shù)值，放到內(nèi)存中。這樣勢必會(huì)造成系統(tǒng)資源的浪費(fèi)。把如上問題總結(jié)一下：能不能再系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的過程中，控制某個(gè)類僅有一個(gè)實(shí)例。importjava.io.*;importjava.util.Properties;publicclassReadConfig(privatestaticStringparamA=null;privatestaticReadConfigrc=null;privateReadConfig()(Propertiesp=newProperties();try(p.load(newFileInputStream("d:/zzr.ini"));paramA=p.getProperty("data");}catch(FileNotFoundExceptione)(e.printStackTrace();}catch(IOExceptione){e.printStackTrace();}}publicstaticsynchronizedReadConfiggetIntance(){if(rc==null){rc=newReadConfig();}returnrc;}publicStringgetParamA(){returnparamA;}publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){ReadConfigfq=ReadConfig.getIntance();System.out.println("配置文件的值為："+fq.getParamA());}}實(shí)驗(yàn)總結(jié)：通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)單例模式有了深刻的理解。知道了單例模式具體兩種的的使用方法和何時(shí)使用單例模式等。

實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱二：簡單工廠模式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:2012.4.21學(xué)時(shí)：2實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn):s203實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模赫莆蘸唵喂S模式的基本實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。體會(huì)單工廠模式的特點(diǎn)。掌握單工廠模式的基本應(yīng)用。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：一……KQ一…-^lUserDAOa-：：—NewClass3'?-、/'■--■:ri：imUseCaseViHi.ii.ij■--碎Lfactory1MSServerUserDAOlUserDAO.javapublicinterfacelUserDAO(voidgetUserByID(intid);}MSServerDAO.javapublicclassMSServerUserDAOimplementslUserDAO(publicvoidgetUserByID(intid)(System.out.println("ID:"+id);}}Factory.javapublicclassfactory(publicstaticlUserDAOcreateISD(inta)(lUserDAOuser=null;if(a==1)(user=newMSServerUserDAO();}returnuser;}}Zzr.javapublicclasszzr(publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)(lUserDAOfq=factory.createlSD(1);fq.getUserByID(7);}}3.3擴(kuò)展lUserDAO接口實(shí)現(xiàn)---->MySqlUserDAO,并且完成客戶端，對(duì)擴(kuò)展功能的調(diào)用。lUserDAO.javapublicinterfaceIUserDAO(voidgetUserByID(intid);}MSServerDAO.javapublicclassMSServerUserDAOimplementsIUserDAO(publicvoidgetUserByID(intid)(System.out.println("MSServerDAOID:"+id);}}MySqlUserDAO.javapublicclassMySqlUserDAOimplementsIUserDAO(publicvoidgetUserByID(intid)(System.out.println("MySqlUserDAOID:"+id);}}Factory.javapublicclassfactory(publicstaticIUserDAOcreateISD(inta)(IUserDAOuser=null;if(a==1)(user=newMSServerUserDAO();}returnuser;}}Zzr.javapublicclasszzr(publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)(IUserDAOfq=factory.createlSD(1);fq.getUserByID(7);}}實(shí)驗(yàn)總結(jié)：通過實(shí)驗(yàn)的學(xué)習(xí)知道何時(shí)應(yīng)用簡單工廠模式和使用簡單工廠帶來的好處。

實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱三：工廠方法模式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:2012.5.7學(xué)時(shí)：2實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)：實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模赫莆展S方法模式的基本實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，體會(huì)工廠方法模式的特點(diǎn)，掌握工廠方法模式的基本應(yīng)用。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的框架，來讓用戶選擇數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)出方式，要求導(dǎo)出的數(shù)據(jù)格式：xml，txt。具體的導(dǎo)出方法只提供示意實(shí)現(xiàn)即可，重點(diǎn)體會(huì)框架的總體設(shè)計(jì)。publicinterfaceSend(voidsend();}publicclassXMLSendimplementsSend(publicvoidsend()(System.out.println("XML導(dǎo)出");}}publicclassTXTSendimplementsSend(publicvoidsend()(System.out.println("TXT導(dǎo)出");}}publicabstractclassSendFactory(publicabstractSendfactoryMethod();publicvoidgetFactoryMethod()(factoryMethod().send();}}publicclassXMLFactoryextendsSendFactory(publicSendfactoryMethod()(returnnewXMLSend();}}publicclassTXTFactoryextendsSendFactory(publicSendfactoryMethod()(returnnewTXTSend();}}publicclassFanqiang(publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)(SendFactoryzzr=newTXTFactory();zzr.getFactoryMethod();}}3.4用戶對(duì)于此框架，提出了新的需求，要求可以導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫格式的數(shù)據(jù)文件。publicinterfaceSend(voidsend();}publicclassXMLSendimplementsSend(publicvoidsend()(System.out.println("XML導(dǎo)出");}}publicclassTXTSendimplementsSend(publicvoidsend()(System.out.println("TXT導(dǎo)出");}}publicclassSQLSendimplementsSend(publicvoidsend()(System.out.println("SQL導(dǎo)出");}}publicabstractclassSendFactory(publicabstractSendfactoryMethod();publicvoidgetFactoryMethod()(factoryMethod().send();}}publicclassXMLFactoryextendsSendFactory(publicSendfactoryMethod()(returnnewXMLSend();}}publicclassTXTFactoryextendsSendFactory(publicSendfactoryMethod()(returnnewTXTSend();}}publicclassSQLFactoryextendsSendFactory(publicSendfactoryMethod()(returnnewSQLSend();}}publicclassFanqiang(publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)(SendFactoryzzr=newTXTFactory();zzr.getFactoryMethod();}}實(shí)驗(yàn)總結(jié)：學(xué)習(xí)了工廠方法模式，經(jīng)過實(shí)驗(yàn)了解工廠方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)以及和簡單工廠的區(qū)別。

實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱四：抽象工廠模式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:2012.5.7學(xué)時(shí)：2實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn):s203實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模赫莆粘橄蠊S模式的基本實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。的基本應(yīng)用。體會(huì)抽象工廠模式的特點(diǎn)。掌握抽象工廠模式實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟:抽竦工廠geti^QgetCPUQinstallCPU();void}publicclass入］^。主板implements主板(publicvoidinstallCPU()(System.out.println("我是AMD主板");}}publicclassIntel主板implements抽竦工廠geti^QgetCPUQinstallCPU();void}publicclass入］^。主板implements主板(System.out.println("我是Intel主板");}}publicinterfaceCPU(voidrun();}publicclassIntelCPUimplementsCPU(publicvoidrun()(System.out.println("我是IntelCPU");}}publicclassAMDCPUimplementsCPU(publicvoidrun()(System.out.println("我是AMDCPU");}}publicinterface抽象工廠(主板get主板()；CPUgetCPU();}publicclassAMDX廠implements抽象工廠(public主板get主板()(returnnewAMD主板()；}publicCPUgetCPU()(returnnewAMDCPU();}}publicclassIntelX廠implements抽象工廠(public主板get主板()(returnnewIntel主板();}publicCPUgetCPU()(returnnewIntelCPU();}}publicclassFanqiang(publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)(抽象工廠zzr=newIntelX廠();zzr.get主板().installCPU();zzr.getCPU().run();}}實(shí)驗(yàn)總結(jié)：在實(shí)驗(yàn)中深刻的理解了抽象工廠方法模式，在具體應(yīng)用中比較了與前兩種模式的不同之處。實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱五：策略模式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:2012.0515學(xué)時(shí)：2實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn):s203實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模赫莆詹呗阅Ｊ降幕緦?shí)現(xiàn)形式。體會(huì)策略模式的特點(diǎn)。掌握策略模式的基本應(yīng)用。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：向客戶報(bào)價(jià)，并不是一件容易的事情，需要考慮的因素特別多，就使得我們的程序需要考慮很多事情，比如客戶身份的不同，會(huì)影響到報(bào)價(jià)的結(jié)果。再比如客戶購買的物品數(shù)量和金額，同樣會(huì)對(duì)最后的報(bào)價(jià)有影響，此實(shí)例僅考慮如下需求：（1）對(duì)普通客戶或者是新客戶報(bào)全價(jià)。（2）對(duì)老客戶報(bào)的價(jià)格，統(tǒng)一折扣5%（3）對(duì)大客戶報(bào)的價(jià)格，統(tǒng)一折扣10%3.2報(bào)價(jià)管理框架類圖：普通用戶|老客戶||大客戶|⑴策略publicinterface策略{publicdouble計(jì)算報(bào)價(jià)(doubleprice);}普通用戶publicclass普通用戶implements策略{publicdouble計(jì)算報(bào)價(jià)(doubleprice){System.out.println("對(duì)于普通客戶，沒有折扣");returnprice;}}老客戶publicclass老客戶implements策略{publicdouble計(jì)算報(bào)價(jià)(doubleprice){System.out.println("對(duì)于老客戶，統(tǒng)一折扣5%");returnprice*(1-0.05);}}大客戶publicclass大客戶implements策略(publicdouble計(jì)算報(bào)價(jià)(doubleprice)(System.out.println("對(duì)于老客戶，統(tǒng)一折扣10%");returnprice*(1-0.1);}}報(bào)價(jià)publicclass才艮價(jià)(private策略strategy=null;public報(bào)價(jià)(策略strategy)(this.strategy=strategy;}publicdouble獲得價(jià)格(doubleprice)(returnthis.strategy.計(jì)算報(bào)價(jià)(price);}}Client客戶端publicclassClient(publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)(策略strategy=new大客戶();報(bào)價(jià)ctx=new報(bào)價(jià)(strategy);doublequote=ctx.獲得價(jià)格(1000);System.out.println("向客戶報(bào)價(jià)："+quote);}}3.4、用戶需求發(fā)生變化：除了上述的普通用戶、老用戶和大客戶。又多了一類ZZR客戶，這類客戶統(tǒng)一折扣95%。請(qǐng)完善此應(yīng)用擴(kuò)展，完善代碼。publicclassZZRimplements策略{publicdouble計(jì)算報(bào)價(jià)(doubleprice){System.out.println("對(duì)于ZZR這樣的客戶，統(tǒng)一打95折”)；returnprice*0.95;}}publicclassClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){策略strategy=newZZR();報(bào)價(jià)ctx=new報(bào)價(jià)(strategy);doublequote=ctx.獲得價(jià)格(1000);System.out.println("向客戶報(bào)價(jià):"+quote);}}實(shí)驗(yàn)總結(jié)：通過實(shí)驗(yàn)掌握了策略模式和策略模式的拓展。也了解了應(yīng)用策略模式的具體情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱六：模板方法模式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:2012.05.15學(xué)時(shí)：2實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn):s206實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模赫莆漳０宸椒Ｊ降幕緦?shí)現(xiàn)形式，體會(huì)模板方法模式的特點(diǎn)，掌握模板方法模式的基本應(yīng)用。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：publicabstractclass喝水模型(publicabstractvoid侄【」水();publicabstractvoid說話();publicabstractvoid撞杯();publicabstractvoid喝()；publicbooleanff()(returntrue;}publicvoid喝水()(this.倒水();this.說話();if(ff())this.撞杯();this.喝()；}}publicclass軟工extends喝水模型{publicvoid倒水(){System.out.println("rd");}publicvoid喝(){System.out.println("rh");}publicvoid撞杯(){System.out.println("rz");}publicvoid說話(){System.out.println("rs");}publicbooleanff(){returnfalse;}}publicclass客戶端{(lán)publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){喝水模型m=new軟工();m.喝水()；}}實(shí)驗(yàn)總結(jié)：通過實(shí)驗(yàn)掌握了模板方法模式。學(xué)習(xí)了鉤子方法以及如何繪制UML圖，也輔助復(fù)習(xí)了UMLo實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱七：原型模式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:2012.05.21學(xué)時(shí)：4實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn):s203實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模赫莆赵湍Ｊ降幕緦?shí)現(xiàn)形式，體會(huì)原型模式的特點(diǎn),掌握原型模式的基本應(yīng)用。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：Book類；publicclassBookimplementsCloneable(privateStringname;private