專(zhuān)題一 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)直擊高考考點(diǎn)(1)考情分析：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)歷來(lái)是高考中考查的重點(diǎn)。(2)命題趨勢(shì)：時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)是緊密相連的。高考對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)填空上，主要考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)在交際環(huán)境中的正確識(shí)別和應(yīng)用，這是廣大考生深感頭疼的難點(diǎn)。其次體現(xiàn)在短文改錯(cuò)和完形填空上，最后，在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，如果缺乏時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的訓(xùn)練和素養(yǎng)，就會(huì)面臨得不到基本分的危險(xiǎn)。進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)的考核頻率更高。基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)清單（1）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)表示態(tài)現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作客觀真理、普遍公理、科學(xué)事實(shí)現(xiàn)有的興趣、愛(ài)好或能力一現(xiàn)存的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)般現(xiàn)介紹故事梗概、劇情，用于新聞標(biāo)題在時(shí)按時(shí)刻表或按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞如come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,takeoff,return,stop,open,close等)過(guò)去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)般過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過(guò)用于Ididn’tknow或?Iforgot ?，表去時(shí)示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情?，F(xiàn)在看來(lái)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在般的狀態(tài)將來(lái)時(shí)事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)對(duì)將來(lái)某個(gè)動(dòng)作的安排、計(jì)劃此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在情況的暫時(shí)性進(jìn)與 always, forever, constantly,行continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)按計(jì)劃、安排近期發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 (只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等）

例句IreadEnglisheverymorning.Thesunrisesintheeast.Helikesplayingfootball.Thesituationisencouraging.Workersfacetoughtimesabroad.Thetrainleavesat4:30p.m..Themeetingstartsthisafternoon.HeoftencriedwhenhewasaboyIwenttothebankjustnow.Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.Sorry,Iforgottobringmybook.Tomwillcomenextweek.Hewillbeheretomorrow.Oilwillfloatinwater.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.HeisgoingtospeakonTVthisevening.I’mstudyingEnglishnow.Wearebuildingoursocialism.Idon’reallytworkhere.Iamjusthelpinguntilthesecretaryarrives.Heisalwayshelpingothers.Sheisalwaysforgettingsomething.Aforeigneriscomingtovisitourschool.I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.

注意here,there,now,then等開(kāi)頭的倒裝句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Look!Herecomesthebus.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用“usedtodo?”和“woulddo?”將來(lái)時(shí)常見(jiàn)表達(dá)形式：will/shalldobegoingtodobetodobeabouttodo(此形式不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用）不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞：感覺(jué)類(lèi)：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear▲情感類(lèi)：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear▲心態(tài)類(lèi)：wish,hope,expect,want,need,believe,think,understand,agree,know,remember,forget▲所有類(lèi)：have,contain,won,hold,belongto時(shí)表示態(tài)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或階段發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過(guò) 與 always, forever, constantly,去continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等進(jìn)感情色彩行時(shí)過(guò)去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作 (只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等）

例句HewaswatchingTVthistimeyesterday.Itwasrainingthewholemorning.ComradeLeiFengwasalwaysthinkingofothersneverthinkingofhimself.Hesaidhewasleavingthenextday.Iwastoldthetrainwasstartingsoon.

注意過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)描繪故事發(fā)行的背景：Thewindwasblowinganditwasraininghard.過(guò)去 過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻后將要發(fā)生的過(guò)去動(dòng)將作或過(guò)去的意圖打算(主要用于賓語(yǔ)來(lái)從句中）時(shí)現(xiàn)已完成或剛剛完成且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作表示始于過(guò)去持續(xù)至今的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)到目前為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)， 多少次或現(xiàn)第幾次做某事在完成將來(lái)某時(shí)先要做完的動(dòng)作(只限于時(shí)時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句）發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，但已成為現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)過(guò)去某時(shí)間前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況過(guò)去某動(dòng)作前已發(fā)生的另一動(dòng)作過(guò)去完 始于過(guò)去持續(xù)至過(guò)去另一時(shí)間， 也許成 延續(xù)下來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí)過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望(只限于think,want,plan,mean,intend,hope,expect,suppose，wish,want等動(dòng)詞）

Shewassureshewouldsucceed.Ithoughtyouwouldcome.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.He’slivedheresince2005.I’vetaught English for 15years.He’sbeentoBeijing severaltimes.It’sthethirdtimethatIthefilm.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.We’veallplayedwithsnowandice.MarxhadlearneddomeEnglishbeforehecametoLondon.ThetrainhadleftwhenIgottothestation.HesaidhehadbeeninthePartyfor10years.Ihadplannedtoseeyouyesterday,buttherainpreventedme.

把一般將來(lái)時(shí)中的助動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式，便成了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)形式▲沒(méi)有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截至“現(xiàn)在”為止的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用▲短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯定式不能與’時(shí)間ve段seen連用▲“inthepast/last+時(shí)間段”要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用havegoneto表示人在去所指地方的路上或已在所指地方;havebeento表示人曾到過(guò)所指地方，但現(xiàn)在不在所指地方?！^(guò)去完成時(shí)必須以過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻為基點(diǎn)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。因此只有在和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。before,after本身“前”“后”明顯，因此可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：He(had)leftbeforeIarrived.2）動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一般用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不再跟名詞或賓語(yǔ)。在試題中動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考，而是和時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起考，只是需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)。1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的適用情況①表示不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。PaperwasfirstinventedinChina. 紙是中國(guó)人發(fā)明的。②表示需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。Thesongwascomposedbyastudent.這首歌是一個(gè)學(xué)生譜的曲。2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式： “be+過(guò)去分詞”，口語(yǔ)中也可用 “get/become+過(guò)去分詞”表示。3)一些常用經(jīng)典被動(dòng)句型：Itissaid/reported/estimated/expected

?that

?Itiswidelybelieved

?重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)突破1）時(shí)間和條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)態(tài)的替代。①要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。We’llgivehimthebookifhewantsit.②要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Jacksaidhewouldgohomewhenhefinishedhiswork.③要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)We’llexplainittoyourfriendwhenwe ’reseeinghimoffatthestation.④要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)I’llcallyouassoonasI ’vedonemywork.⑤要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)Shesaidshewouldcomeassoonasshehaddoneherwork.⑥其他狀語(yǔ)從句也有用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)替代將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)象。a.I ’llgoorstayaccordingasthesituationrequires.b.We’llgivethemfirmsupporteventhoughtheymaymakemistakes.（2）時(shí)態(tài)的一致（時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)）1）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，其從句中的謂語(yǔ)就要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。①?gòu)木渲^語(yǔ)和主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句中須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。a.Shedidnotmindhowmuchmoneyshespent.b.Wesawthatthesmokewascomingfromawindow.②主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前，從句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在后，從句中須用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Ididn ’tknowifshewouldcome.③從句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前，主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在后，從句中須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Headmittedthathehadbeenonthemarch.④從句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前，主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在后，但從句中有表示具體過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，從句中仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如果表示的時(shí)間不具體，則仍要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Hesaidhewasbornin1984.Shesaidthatshehadneverseensuchabeautifulbirdbefore.不需要進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)調(diào)整的情況①如果從句說(shuō)的是一種普遍真理，雖然主句謂語(yǔ)為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Longago,peopledidn ’tknowtheearthmovesroundthesun.②當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)改成過(guò)去時(shí)可能造成誤會(huì)時(shí)，可保持原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。Didhesaythatthetrainleavesat5:30?③口語(yǔ)中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)依然如此時(shí)，也可以不作時(shí)態(tài)調(diào)整。Shetoldmethatshehasn ’tmissedasingleclasssinceshecame.需要遵循時(shí)態(tài)一致（時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)）的從句。①賓語(yǔ)從句（最多）Mariediscoveredthatshehadleftalightoninthelaboratory.作表語(yǔ)用的 sorry,afraid,glad,worried,sure,certain,uncertain等形容詞后的從句。Wewereafraidyouwouldn ’tbeabletojoinus.②主語(yǔ)從句Ithadn ’tbeendecidedwhowastoheadthegroup.③表語(yǔ)從句Thedifficultywashowhecouldprovehisideastootherscientists.④同位語(yǔ)從句a.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.b.Sydneykepthispromisethathewould

alwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucie

tomakesureoftheirhappiness.（3）瞬間動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的使用1）英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞只表示一瞬間的短暫動(dòng)作 （動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始便是它的結(jié)束） 。如：go,come,stop,leave,reach,arrive,finish,kill,die,break,receive,join,marry,graduate 等等，稱(chēng)為“非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞”或“瞬間動(dòng)詞”。2）瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（如 while?,during ?,for ?,since等）?連用。如不能說(shuō)： Ihavereceivedherletterforthreemonths.因?yàn)閞eceived這一動(dòng)作不可能延續(xù)三個(gè)月之久。這時(shí)可換一種表達(dá)方法：Ireceivedherletterthreemonthsago.或：ItisthreemonthssinceIreceivedherletter.3）但是瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定式可以和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，這時(shí)它已經(jīng)不是表示動(dòng)作，而是表示一種狀態(tài)的延續(xù)。Ihaven’treceivedherletterforthreemonths我已.經(jīng)三個(gè)月沒(méi)有收到她的來(lái)信了。（4）注意某些要求一定時(shí)態(tài)的固定的句型1）was/weredoingsth.when did?sth.(正在做某事，這時(shí)突然 ??)Iwasreadingabookwhenthebellrang.2）was/wereabouttodosth.when ?did正sth在做.(某事，這時(shí)突然 ??)Wewereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.3）表示做事做了第幾次或是共幾次，要用完成時(shí)。It’sthefirsttimeI ’veseenher.Wehavebeentherethreetimes.如果句中有比較確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則服從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的要求。如：LastyearIsawhimmanytimes.4）Itis/hasbeen ?since ?Itis(hasbeen)twoweekssinceIcamehere.Shesaiditwasfivehourssinceshehadfinishedherwork.5）Hardly?whenHardlyhadwegotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.6）Nosooner?thanIhadnosoonercomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.（5）習(xí)慣上不使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況1)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和詞組，常為結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如： addupto,appear,arrive,become,belongto,betoblame(受譴責(zé)), betorent(出租),breakout,consistof,cometrue,die,escape,exist,fail,fall,happen,last,occur,remain,rise,stay,succeed,takeplaceThenewsquicklyspreadinthecountry.這個(gè)消息在國(guó)內(nèi)很快傳開(kāi)了。2)下列動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義，而且常與well,quite,easily,badly等副詞連用。如：lock（鎖）;wash（洗）;sell（賣(mài)）;read（讀）;wear（穿）;blame（責(zé)備）;ride（乘坐）;write(寫(xiě));draw(畫(huà));cut（削）;end（結(jié)束）;shut（關(guān)）;open（開(kāi)）,Mypenwritessmoothly.我的鋼筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。Theclothlooksgoodandwasheswell.那種布看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，還很耐洗。3)不定式在easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,fit,comfortable,dangerous,impossible

等形容詞之后作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義（也可用不定式的被動(dòng)形式） 。Hisspeechisn ’teasytounderstand他的.演講不易理解。Thecoffeeisbettertotaste. 這咖啡味苦。4)在need,want,require等動(dòng)詞后，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義（也可用不定式的被動(dòng)形式） 。Thebikewants/needsrepairing.(=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.) 這輛自行車(chē)需要修理。5)在形容詞worth后面用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義， 不可接不定式。但可用beworthytobedone或beworthyofbeingdone形式亦可表達(dá)同樣的意思。如：Thebookisworthreadingagain.=Thebookisworthytobereadagain.=Thebookisworthyofbeingreadagain. 這本書(shū)值得再讀。6)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果和被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和另一個(gè)名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Ihavesomethingimportanttodo. 我有重要的事要做。Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.請(qǐng)借給我一支鋼筆用。7)在too,enough等詞后面的不定式，句子主語(yǔ)是其邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Thewateristoohottodrink.這水太熱不能喝。方法技巧點(diǎn)撥(1)方法與技巧解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題要遵循如下解題思路：1)這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間？題干句中參照的時(shí)間信息有哪些？2)這個(gè)動(dòng)作處于什么狀態(tài)： 是進(jìn)行中，還是已結(jié)束（完成）？限制或修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)信息有哪些？3)這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？(2)解題注意點(diǎn)1)時(shí)態(tài)并不是“源于”語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的，而是說(shuō)話人用來(lái)表達(dá)一定意思的。我們不可以說(shuō)某個(gè)句子“只能用這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)”而“不能用那個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)”。一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思，以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，絕不可脫離實(shí)際應(yīng)用，一味死記硬背語(yǔ)法條條。要認(rèn)真研讀試題的題干，搜索盡可能多的“時(shí)間參照信息”，尤其是動(dòng)詞冗余信息中的時(shí)間信息。高考真題練習(xí)(06全國(guó)II，12)John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe______forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned2.(06全國(guó)II，20)Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads________risingthesedays.A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping3.(06全國(guó)I，21)Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe________hereanymore.A.hasn’tlivedB.didn’tliveC.hadn’tlivedD.doesn’tlive4.(06全國(guó)I，29)Thewater________coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels5.(06全國(guó)I，31)Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit______yesterday.A.washappening B.happens C.hashappened D.happened(06北京，27)----________leaveattheendofthismonth.----Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil______anotherjob.A.I ’mgoingto;you ’dfound B.I ’mgoingto;you ’vefoundC.I’ll;you ’llfind D.I’ll;you ’dfind(06北京，30)----Yourjob_____openforyourreturn.---Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept8.(06北京，32)----Wheredidyouputthecarkeys?----Oh,I_____IputthemonthechairbecausethephonerangasI_____in.A.remembered;comeB.remembered;wascomingC.remember;comeD.remember;wascoming9.(06天津，4)Whatweusedtothink_____impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe10.(06重慶，21)Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_____atthegarage.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired11.(06重慶，30)Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_____therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.A.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven12.(06重慶，31)I_____inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived13.(06廣東，32)Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.She_____before.A.hasn’tflownB.didn’tflyC.hadn’tflownD.wasn’tflying14.(06湖南，24)Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkI_____tohalfadozenothergroups.A.wasgivingB.amgivingC.hadgivenD.havegiven15.(06湖南，35)Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty______,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld(06江西，21)MycousinwenttoCanadatwoyearsago.He_______thereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoAmerica.A.worked B.wouldwork C.wouldbeworking D.hasbeenworking17.(06福建，24)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane_________.A.takesoff B.istakingoff C.hastakenoff D.tookoff18.(06福建，31)Themomentthe28thOlympicGames_____open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared19.(06四川，22)Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026_______offat18:20.A.takes B.took C.willbetaken D.hastaken20.(06湖北，31)Iwon ’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe_____onitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworking B.willhaveworked C.willhavebeenworking D.hadworked21.(’06浙江，6)Thismachine______.Ithasn ’tworkedforyears.A.didn ’twork B.wasn’tworking C.doesn’twork D.isn ’tworking22.( ’浙06江，7)Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third______usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.is B.are C.was D.were(’06浙江，16)Myfriend,who_____ontheInternationalOlympicCommitteeallhislife,isretiringnextmonth.A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved24.(’安06徽，25)I______alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_________.A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred25.(’江06蘇，23)----Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.----Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand_______now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned26.(’陜06西，7)----Youlookverytired._____atalllastmight?----No,notreally.I’mtiredoutnow.A.DoyousleepB.WereyousleepingC.DidyousleepD.Hadyouslept27.(06陜西，12)Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines______bynow.A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted28.(’山06東，28)Althoughthecausesofcancer_______,wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.A.arebeinguncoveredB.havebeenuncoveringC.areuncoveringD.haveuncovered29.(’06遼寧，27)Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing(’遼06寧，29)Ithinkitisnecessaryformy19-year-oldsontohavehisownmobile,forIsometimeswanttomakesureifhe_____homefordinner.A.come B.comes C.hascome D.willcome31.( ’遼06寧，31)ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards________forentertainmentandeducation.A.werebeingdesigned B.havedesigned C.havebeendesigned D.weredesigned考能提升訓(xùn)練1.（07鄭州一質(zhì)測(cè)）Itisthefirsttimethathe______tojoinusinaresearch.A.agree B.agreed C.hasagreed D.willagree2.（07鄭州一質(zhì)測(cè)）Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveries_____bychance.A.occurred B.wereoccurred C.haveoccurred D.hadbeenoccurred3.Thenumberofdeathsfrom heartdiseasewill bereducedgreatlyifpeople_____toeatmorefruit andvegetables.A.persuade B.willpersuade C.bepersuaded D.arepersuaded----Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I_____abetterpositionatIBM.A.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered5.Accordingtotheartdealer,thepainting_____togoforatleastamilliondollars.A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD.isexpecting6.Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents_______alwayswherethey_______today.A.aren’t;areB.aren’t;wereC.weren’t;areD.weren’t;were7.He_____morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearned.ClearnedD.hadlearned8.Thecountylifehewasusedto_____greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged9.I________younottomovemydictionary----nowIcan’tfindit.A.askedB.askC.wasaskingD.hadasked10.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway11.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.PeopletoaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning12.---Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.---Whatapity!Tina_____heretoseeyou.A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen13.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,_____ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking14.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_____abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent----DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?----Oh,no,Iforgot.I____hernow.----IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.----Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe______?A.wasleaving B.hadleft C.hasleft D.left17.IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe_________it.A.doesn’tmention B.hadn’tmentioned C.didn ’tmention D.hasn’tmentioned18.----Whatwouldyoudoifit_____tomorrow?----Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe ’vegoteverythingready.A.rain B.rains C.willrain D.israining19.Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_____thattheywon ’tsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.A.weredeciding B.havedecided C.decided D.willdecide20.Whentheoldman____towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.A.started;hadalreadyhidden B.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washiding D.wasstarting;hid21.----Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe____toMiamibuttoNewYork?----Iagree,buttheproblemis____hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;that B.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;what D.shouldnotsend;whatThey____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe___itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworkingC.havebeenworking;haveworkedD.haveworked;arestillworking23.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which___thePacific,andwemetnostorms.A.wascalled B.iscalled C.hadbeencalled D.hasbeencalledSusandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’wantherparentstoknowwhatshe____.A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.wasdoingD.isdoing25.Nowadaysalargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,_____intheclothingindustry.A.isworkingB.worksC.workD.worked26.---Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.---Oh!Ithoughtthey____withoutme.A.wentB.aregoingC.havegoneD.hadgone27.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI___thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.A.knowsB.knowC.gaveknownD.amtoknow28.Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he___usmuchimpression.A.hadn’tleftB.didn’tleaveC.doesn’tleaveD.hasn’tleft29.Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It___onTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe----Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.WherewasI?----You___youdidn ’tlikeyourfather ’sjob.A.hadsaid Bsaid Cweresaying Dhadbeensaying31.Iarrivedlate;I___theroadtobesoicy.A.wouldn’texpect Bhaven’texpectedChadn’texpected Dwasn’texpecting32.I____whilereadingtheEnglishtextbook.Luckily,myroommatewokemeupintime!A.hadfallenasleep Bhavefallenasleep Cfellasleep DfallasleepAtthistimetomorrow_____overtheAtlantic.A.we’regoingtofly B.we’llbeflying C.we’llfly D.we’retofly34.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I________forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknown B.knew C.haveknown D.know---What’sthatterriblenoise?---Theneighbors___foraparty.A.haveprepared Barepreparing Cprepare Dwillprepare36.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool,butshehasn ’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsidered B.hasbeenconsidering C.considered D. is goingconsider37.Withtherapidgrowthofpopulation,thecity_____inalldirectionsinthepastfiveyears.A.spreads B.hasspread C.spread D.hadspread38.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_______.A.hasgrown B.isgrowing C.grew D.hadgrown39.—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?---Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand___totakeashower.A.hadstarted B.started C.havestarted D.wasstarting40.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower___increasedenormouslyeversince.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.hadbeen41.Thecrazyfans________patientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaiting B.hadbeenwaiting C.hadwaited D.wouldwait42.She_____herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.A.wouldchange B.haschanged C.changed D.waschanging43.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager______toworkonlineathome.A.encourages B.encourage C.isencouraged D.areencouraged

to----YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.----Oh,I_______forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A.waswaiting B.hadwaited C.amwaiting D.havewaited45.Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook_____50million.A.havereached B.hasreached C.arereaching D.hadreached46.Thediscussion______alivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.A.wascoming B.hadcome C.hascome D.came47.Becausetheshop_______,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddown B.closeddown C.isclosingdown D.hadcloseddown48.Morepatients_______inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treated B.havetreated C.hadbeentreated D.havebeentreated49.Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill_____freshforseveraldays.A.bestayed B.stay C.bestaying D.havestayed50.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_____advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftensee B.oftensee C.areoftenseeing D.haveoftenseen參考答案：高考真題練習(xí)答案1-5DCDCD6-10BADBC11-15BACCA16-20ABDAA21-25CDDCB26-31CDACDD1．D．婚禮是上周舉行的，計(jì)劃婚禮的花費(fèi)應(yīng)該在舉行婚禮之前，故使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2．C．車(chē)輛的數(shù)量在不斷增長(zhǎng)，這是事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。thenumberof?作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3．D．這個(gè)房子是我阿姨的，但是她已不在這里住了。此句是并列句，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)前后應(yīng)是一致的，故都使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4．C．本句意思是：當(dāng)我跳入水池進(jìn)行晨練時(shí)，感覺(jué)水是涼爽的。主從句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，所以時(shí)態(tài)要求一致，故選C。此句中的feel的主動(dòng)形式表示給人某種感覺(jué)。5．句意為：Eliza對(duì)一切事情記憶猶新，仿佛就是在昨天一樣。據(jù)此可知asif引導(dǎo)的從句就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故從句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故選D。6．B．句意是直到你已經(jīng)找到另一份工作，我才認(rèn)為你在月末離開(kāi)現(xiàn)在的工作。第一空為begoingto句式，表示“打算要”，第二空為not?until句式，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。并且until后不用將來(lái)時(shí)，故不選C。AD項(xiàng)第二空時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。7．A．根據(jù)上下文意思應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，D項(xiàng)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，B、C項(xiàng)是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，均與題意不符。8．D．依句意“我現(xiàn)在記得”，表示現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，故第一空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以A、項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，第二空表示過(guò)去存在的動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)。9．B．句意：我們過(guò)去通常認(rèn)為不可能的事情，現(xiàn)在看來(lái)的確有可能發(fā)生?！按祟}為一個(gè)含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句，主語(yǔ)從句部分中有一個(gè)weusedtothink“我們過(guò)去常常認(rèn)為??”的成分提示從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故選B。10．C．根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，應(yīng)選C，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。A項(xiàng)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；B項(xiàng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；D項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。11．B．句意：顧客們被要求在離開(kāi)商店之前，應(yīng)該明確他們自己已經(jīng)被給了正確無(wú)誤的找頭。由整句可判斷此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，且應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。A、C、D項(xiàng)均不符句意。12．A．由后半句得知我現(xiàn)在從沒(méi)有后悔過(guò)，從時(shí)態(tài)和句意判斷，應(yīng)該是過(guò)去住在倫敦多年，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故選擇A項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)文中無(wú)具體可參照的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，因此不能選過(guò)去完成時(shí)的，B、C項(xiàng)不符題意。13．C．句意：飛機(jī)上坐在我旁邊的女孩很緊張，她以前沒(méi)有坐過(guò)飛機(jī)。從was可知是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以是那以前她沒(méi)有坐過(guò)飛機(jī)，故選C。14．C．此句后置的定語(yǔ)從句所表示的動(dòng)作是在“Iwasgivingatalk之前，”B、D項(xiàng)表示現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)。與題意不符，A項(xiàng)進(jìn)行時(shí)不對(duì)。15．由“someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable,可知會(huì)議要被”召開(kāi)，同時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)，故選 C。16．A．此句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和這段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的事情。17．B．根據(jù)語(yǔ)意此句應(yīng)為口頭通知，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)， B項(xiàng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。18．D．根據(jù)語(yǔ)意應(yīng)選用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)， B、C錯(cuò)誤。而時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)故不選A。19．A．此處表示飛機(jī)起飛在18:20，機(jī)場(chǎng)起飛的時(shí)間是按時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的。在英語(yǔ)中按規(guī)定發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選A。20．A．句意：直到這個(gè)學(xué)生做這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)題超過(guò) 1個(gè)小時(shí)了，我才會(huì)告訴他題的答案。此句考查現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài)故D是錯(cuò)誤的，同時(shí)until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作，故B、C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，實(shí)際上是代替將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行是，表示到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間為止，已經(jīng)一直持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。21．C．些題中Thismachinedoesn

’twork是指機(jī)器停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)或運(yùn)作，不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)故排隊(duì)和

D項(xiàng)。用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示存在的狀態(tài)。22．D．本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。此句中的分?jǐn)?shù)one-third省略后面的of20notebookcomputers，故應(yīng)選Ｄ。時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與but前的句子時(shí)態(tài)一致，因?yàn)樗麄兪遣⒘芯洹?3．D．因本句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) allhislife應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選 D。24．C．第一空為大的時(shí)間背景，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，第二空為這一進(jìn)程中發(fā)行的動(dòng)作，使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可，故選C。25．B．句意：我認(rèn)為警察現(xiàn)在不知道那事是誰(shuí)干的。呀！很奇怪她們知道誰(shuí)干的了，有人已經(jīng)被逮捕，現(xiàn)在正在接受審訊呢。由副詞now判斷應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，故排除A、D；又由于此動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)aman的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除C項(xiàng)。26．B．此句有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastnight，故使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。27．A．此句主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，首先排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bynow意為：“到現(xiàn)在為止“應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，此句主語(yǔ)construction是不可數(shù)名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選A。28．A．句意：盡管癌癥的病因正在被一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地揭開(kāi)，但現(xiàn)在我們沒(méi)有可以預(yù)防它的實(shí)用方法。根據(jù)從句主語(yǔ)“thecausesofcancer可知”此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)故排除B、C、D。這里是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。29．C．本句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為everySundayafternooninwinter，故為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，答案從Ｂ、Ｃ中選，aswellas連接名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)，就前原則，故Ｃ正確。30．D．后半句“因?yàn)槲矣袝r(shí)候想弄清楚他是否在家吃飯”；if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，而不是引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，故不用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。31．D．根據(jù)句意“據(jù)說(shuō)早期的歐洲撲克是專(zhuān)為娛樂(lè)和教育而設(shè)計(jì)的 “，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)?？寄芴嵘?xùn)練答案1-5CADDA6-10CDBAD11-15DBCBB16-20DCBBA21-25BABCC26-30DADAC31-35CCBAB36-40BBCDC41-45BCDAA46-50DCDBA1．C．表示做事做了第幾次或是共幾次，要用完成時(shí)。2．A．偉大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)發(fā)生，已經(jīng)過(guò)去了，用過(guò)去時(shí)。此題易誤選C。因本句并不強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)這件事持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了什么影響，故排除C。4．D．由上句知離職是在過(guò)去，即當(dāng)時(shí)在IBM找到工作了。6．從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)知第二空填are，依常識(shí)第一空為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。8．D．先將定語(yǔ)從句hewasusedto去掉，再看本句答案就明顯了。11．D．指打電話是現(xiàn)階段一直在做的動(dòng)作。12．B．典型的好題。第一句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣提供了一個(gè)過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境，故答語(yǔ)也用了過(guò)去時(shí)。13．C．本句主語(yǔ)為ProfessorSmith，故謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。15．當(dāng)我們?cè)跊Q定做某事的當(dāng)時(shí)談到此事，即談及正在做出的決定時(shí)（有時(shí)甚至是說(shuō)了即做或邊說(shuō)邊行動(dòng)），要用will+do表將來(lái)。例：YougofirstandIwillfollowyou.21．第一句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞用(should)+do,且依句意用被動(dòng)，第二并不缺成分，故用that.25．C．有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowadays，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。31．C．表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法。39．D．用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。42．C．before,after本身“前”“后”明顯，因此可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：He(had)leftbeforeIarrived.49．B．forseveraldays等f(wàn)or短語(yǔ)所修飾的動(dòng)詞要求必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而不一定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。50．A．這是句型，祈使句 +and+分句（用一般將來(lái)時(shí)）。Thinkhardandyouwillfindawayout.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直擊高考考點(diǎn)(1)考情分析2-3個(gè)題目。近5年來(lái)，以賓語(yǔ)為考點(diǎn)的題有21個(gè)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)有15個(gè)，狀語(yǔ)有47個(gè)，定語(yǔ)每年平均有有20個(gè)，表語(yǔ)/主語(yǔ)有6個(gè)。其中06年有關(guān)本語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的有30個(gè)，05年有關(guān)本語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的有31個(gè)。(2)命題趨勢(shì)高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查，題目的設(shè)置注重情景化和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，設(shè)問(wèn)的角度呈現(xiàn)多樣化趨勢(shì)，不僅僅是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的相互干擾，還有可能利用祈使句與以非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的句子結(jié)構(gòu)上相似的特點(diǎn)，給考生造成麻煩?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)清單（1）大綱對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求：1）能力要求：①了解三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其各種變化形式的基本用法。②能夠在具體的情景中恰當(dāng)使用各種非謂形式準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)交際意圖。2）內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：①三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的構(gòu)成及其內(nèi)含意義。②不同非謂語(yǔ)形式在句子中的不同語(yǔ)法功能；③與此相關(guān)的其它語(yǔ)法知識(shí)， 如句子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)、 詞類(lèi)及其功能（句子成份）的知識(shí)、從句的知識(shí)等。(2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在同一成分中用法的辨析1）做主語(yǔ)：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式和動(dòng)名詞成份相同時(shí)，表示客觀性、一般性行為為多用動(dòng)名詞表示，而表示一次性、具體性行為則多用不定式。Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.2）做賓語(yǔ)：Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswim

todaybecauseIdon'tfeelwell.①有些動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞接上不定式，含有明顯的主觀性和將來(lái)性意義。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。Herefusedtospeakontheradio.Hedesiredtoseeyou．②有些動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞接上動(dòng)名詞，含有明顯的“依據(jù)往事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)作出理解和判斷”的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：giveup，putoff，lookforwardto，feellike，insiston，objectto，prevent?from，setabout，can'thelp，be/getusedto等短語(yǔ)：beworthdoing，benogooddoing，benousedoing，bebusydoing等Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.Shecan'tstandhavingnothingtodoathome.Hiswifedoesn'tallowsmokinginsidetheroomandoftenadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.Allthefamilyinsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.It'snogoodlearningwithoutpracticing.I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Shedoesn'tfeellikeeatinganything，beingillforafewdays.③有些動(dòng)詞后面既可接不定式，又可接動(dòng)名詞，其意義基本相同，區(qū)別不大。如；like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企圖)，afford(提供)，prefer．omit(省略)，begin，start.TheEinsteins,however,couldnotaffordtopayfor(or：payingfor)theadvancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.Ipreferstaying(tostay)athomeonSunday.注意：begin和start本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)，或后面動(dòng)詞為心理變化意義的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須接不定式。Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.④有些詞后面既可以接不定式．亦可接動(dòng)名詞，但其意義有很大區(qū)別，須特別注意：A．remember，forget，regret接動(dòng)名詞，表示完成意義 (=havingdone)，接不定式，表示將來(lái)意義：PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.Don'tforgettowritetomesoon.Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themfo