DoSchoolsKillCreativity?教育扼殺創(chuàng)造力？TEDtalkbyKenRobinsonNowoureducationsystemispredicatedontheideaofacademicability.Andthere'sareason.Thewholesystemwasinvented---aroundtheworld,therewerenopublicsystemsofeducation,really,beforethe19thcentury.Theyallcameintobeingtomeettheneedsofindustrialism.現(xiàn)在我們的教育體制是基于學(xué)術(shù)能力的理念的。這是有原因的。整個(gè)教育體制被創(chuàng)建出來(lái)——十九世紀(jì)前全世界沒(méi)有公共教育體制，真的——都是為了滿足工業(yè)化的要求。Sothehierarchyisrootedontwoideas.Numberone,thatthemostusefulsubjectsforworkareatthetop.Soyouwereprobablysteeredbenignlyawayfromthingsatschoolwhenyouwereakid,thingsyouliked,onthegroundsthatyouwouldnevergetajobdoingthat.Isthatright?Don'tdomusic,you'renotgoingtobeamusician;don'tdoart,youwon'tbeanartist.Benignadvice--now,profoundlymistaken.Thewholeworldisengulfedinarevolution.在看來(lái)，是嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。整個(gè)世界都被卷入了一場(chǎng)革命。Andthesecondisacademicability,whichhasreallycometodominateourviewofintelligence,becausetheuniversitiesdesignedthesystemintheirimage.Ifyouthinkofit,thewholesystemofpubliceducationaroundtheworldisaprotractedprocessofuniversityentrance.你仔細(xì)思索，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)世界各地的公共教育體制就是一場(chǎng)曠日持久的大學(xué)入學(xué)考試。Andtheconsequenceisthatmanyhighlytalented,brilliant,creativepeoplethinkthey'renot,becausethethingtheyweregoodatatschoolwasn'tvalued,orwasactuallystigmatized.AndIthinkwecan'taffordtogoonthatway.情在學(xué)校并不受重視，或者實(shí)際上受到了誣蔑。我認(rèn)為我們不能走那條路。Inthenext30years,accordingtoUNESCO,morepeopleworldwidewillbegraduatingthrougheducationthansincethebeginningofhistory.Morepeople,andit'sthecombinationofallthethingswe'vetalkedabout--technologyanditstransformationeffectonwork,anddemographyandthehugeexplosioninpopulation.Suddenly,degreesaren'tworthanything.Isn'tthattrue?在接下來(lái)的30WhenIwasastudent,ifyouhadadegree,youhadajob.Ifyoudidn'thaveajobit'sbecauseyoudidn'twantone.AndIdidn'twantone,frankly.(Laughter)Butnowkidswithdegreesareoftenheadinghometocarryonplayingvideogames,becauseyouneedanMAwherethepreviousjobrequiredaBA,andnowyouneedaPhDfortheother.不想。坦率地說(shuō)，我的確不想（笑聲）但是現(xiàn)在獲得學(xué)位的孩子卻常常待業(yè)在家打游戲，因?yàn)樵谝郧靶枰膶W(xué)士學(xué)位的工作現(xiàn)在需要一個(gè)文科碩士學(xué)位It'saprocessofacademicinflation.Anditindicatesthewholestructureofeducationisshiftingbeneathourfeet.Weneedtoradicallyrethinkourviewofintelligence.上重新思考我們的智力觀。Weknowthreethingsaboutintelligence.One,it'sdiverse.Wethinkabouttheworldinallthewaysthatweexperienceit.Wethinkvisually,wethinkinsound,wethinkkinesthetically.Wethinkinabstractterms,wethinkinmovement.們?cè)谶\(yùn)動(dòng)中思考。Secondly,intelligenceisdynamic.Ifyoulookattheinteractionsofahumanbrain,asweheardyesterdayfromanumberofpresentations,intelligenceiswonderfullyinteractive.Thebrainisn'tdividedintocompartments.Infact,creativity--whichIdefineastheprocessofhavingoriginalideasthathavevalue--moreoftenthannotcomesaboutthroughtheinteractionofdifferentdisciplinarywaysofseeingthings.其次，智能是變化的。如果你看一個(gè)人類大腦的相互作用，正如我們昨天聽(tīng)到了一些介紹，創(chuàng)思想的過(guò)程——往往不是來(lái)自認(rèn)識(shí)事物的各種紀(jì)律性的互動(dòng)。Thebrainisintentionally--bytheway,there'sashaftofnervesthatjoinsthetwohalvesofthebraincalledthecorpuscallosum.It'sthickerinwomen.FollowingofffromHelenyesterday,Ithinkthisisprobablywhywomenarebetteratmulti-tasking.Becauseyouare,aren'tyou?大腦是有意的——順便說(shuō)一下There'saraftofresearch,butIknowitfrommypersonallife.Ifmywifeiscookingamealathome--whichisnotoften,thankfully.(Laughter)Butyouknow,she'sdoing--no,she'sgoodatsomethings--butifshe'scooking,youknow,she'sdealingwithpeopleonthephone,she'stalkingtothekids,she'spaintingtheceiling,she'sdoingopen-heartsurgeryoverhere.（笑你知道，她在接電話，她和孩子們說(shuō)話，她油漆天花板，她甚至在這里做心臟手術(shù)。IfI'mcooking,thedoorisshut,thekidsareout,thephone'sonthehook,ifshecomesinIgetannoyed.Isay,"Terry,please,I'mtryingtofryanegginhere.Givemeabreak."(Laughter)“特里，我正在這里煎雞蛋。請(qǐng)讓我空一會(huì)（笑聲）Actually,youknowthatoldphilosophicalthing,ifatreefallsinaforestandnobodyhearsit,didithappen?Rememberthatoldchestnut?Isawagreatt-