2020高考英語選修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions跟蹤練I.閱讀理解A（2018?江蘇B）Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup，Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout，whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today，scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat：dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark－coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone，customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters，too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness，theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad：thosegivenextra－largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenone_the_wisereveryoneelse，butwerenone_the_wiser一theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney，butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast－foodplaces，finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround：putonsomeMozart（莫扌L特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect：dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables，crowding，highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor，say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad'tables，”giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds，aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation，suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。它主要通過引入現(xiàn)代餐館的鼻祖馬蒂蘭?羅茲制訂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及學(xué)者對(duì)于餐館的研究來介紹現(xiàn)代餐館在經(jīng)營中影響食客消費(fèi)的幾個(gè)要素：視覺要素（餐具、燈光）、聽覺要素（音樂）、嗅覺要素（氣味）、其他要素（桌位、擁擠程度和價(jià)格）。素材旨在通過現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營理念，讓考生了解西方現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營之道。1．Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A．notawareofeatingmorethanusualB．notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC．notconsciousofthefoodqualityD．notfondofthefoodprovided【答案】A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...thosegivenextra－largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn'tfeelfuller...”可知，那些被給以大份飯菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他們沒覺得更飽，這說明在黑暗的就餐環(huán)境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此處的nonethewiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故選A項(xiàng)。2．Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A．Playingclassicalmusic.B．Introducinglemonscent.C．Makingthelightbrighter.D．Usingplatesoflargersize.【答案】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.”可知，當(dāng)演奏古典音樂而不是流行音樂的時(shí)候，食客們會(huì)花更多的錢。spentmore就是對(duì)題干中makemoreprofit的語意轉(zhuǎn)化。故選A項(xiàng)。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A．Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B．Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C．Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D．Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.【答案】D主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段首句中的thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding,highprices—don'tnecessarily可知,你可能認(rèn)為會(huì)打消你消費(fèi)的念頭的東西——位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價(jià)格高——未必如此（指在某些人看來,這些不利因素未必不會(huì)帶來利潤的增加）。由此可知,作者認(rèn)為這些對(duì)于餐館的常見的觀點(diǎn)是一種誤解，故選D項(xiàng)。（2019?鄭州模擬）BestInventionsSunPowerPeoplewhobuysolarpanels（嵌板）fortheirhomehopetohelptheenvironmentandsavesomemoney.Buttheyendupwithlargemetalboxesontheirroof.Tesla，acarcompany，solvedtheproblem.ThesolutionistheSolarRoof.Itisaseriesoftiles（瓦）madetolookliketraditionalroofingmaterialwhileusingthepowerofthesun.TesladevelopeditwithSolarCity，alongtimeproviderofsolarpanels.Itisnowavailabletothepublic.TalkingTechEchogivesuserstheabilitytotalktotheirtech.Apple'sSiriandMicrosoft'sCortanadothattoo.Butinmanyways，Amazon'sversion，Alexa，whichisbuiltintoEcho，ismorepowerful.Alexahasgrownsinceitwasputonthemarketin2014，andtoday，youcanuseittoturnonthelights，orderapizza，andmore.Echocosts$180.Amazonrecentlydevelopedajuniorversion，the$50EchoDot.SpinandRollGoodyearisreinventingthewheel.ItintroduceditsEagle360sphericaltire（球形輪胎）inMarch,2016.Thetiresallowcarstomoveinmanydirections，includingsideways，andatanglestohandleslipperysurfaces.Thekeyismagneticlevitation（磁懸?。?Tiresarefixedtocars,butEagle360sfloatbeneaththem.They'remeantforself－drivingcarsoftomorrow.CycleSafetyJeffWoolfhadaseriousbikecrash.Ifhehadn'tbeenwearinghishelmet，hewouldhavebeenbadlyhurt.Hewonderedwhysomanyridersdidn'twearhelmets.Thatturnsoutitwasmostlybecausehelmetswerebigandhardtocarryaround.Woolf，anengineer，cameupwithMorpher.Thehelmetismadefrominterwovenplastics（交錯(cuò)編織的塑料）.Itisstrong,butit'salsoflexibleenoughtofoldalmosttotallyflat.Thatmakesiteasytocarry.Morpherispricedat$119.【文章大意】此文為應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了四項(xiàng)新發(fā)明。4．WhatcanweknowabouttheSolarRoof?A．Itisdesignedforcars.B．Itiscurrentlyonthemarket.C．Itiscostlybutenergy－saving.D．Itconsistsoflargemetalboxes.【答案】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Itisnowavailabletothepublic.可知solarroof已經(jīng)上市，被公眾使用，所以B正確。5．WhatcanusersdowiththeirAlexa?A．Chatwiththeirfriends.B．Controltheirtechthroughvoice.C．Reducenoiseintheirhome.D．Savemoneyontheirpurchases.【答案】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段andtoday，youcanuseittoturnonthelights,orderapizza,andmore.可知我們可以利用Alexa來開燈，點(diǎn)外賣等，即利用聲音操控高科技。6．WhatdoweknowabouttheEagle360?A．Itisfastenedtocars.B．Itisaself－drivingsystem.C．Itisenvironmentally－friendly.D．Itisintendedforautonomouscars.【答案】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句話They'remeantforself—drivingcarsoftomorrow.可知這種輪胎是為無人駕駛汽車準(zhǔn)備的，所以D正確。7．WhatisgoodaboutMorpher?A．Itpreventsbikecrashes.B．Itisconvenientlyfoldable.C．Itcanbeboughtworldwide.D．Itischeaperthantraditionalhelmets.【答案】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Itisstrong，butit'salsoflexibleenoughtofoldalmosttotallyflat.Thatmakesiteasytocarry.可知Morpher,可彎曲，容易折疊，容易攜帶，所以B正確。II.閱讀七選五（2016?課標(biāo)卷III）Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.__1__Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon'tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear，butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn'tdifficult.__2__Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.__3_Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou'restandingattheocean'sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn'tfresh.__4__Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately，butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn'tastastyasthefreshone.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.__5_First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(調(diào)料).Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then，it'sreadytoserve.A．Donotbuyit.B．Theeasiestistosteamit.C．Thisishowyoucandoit.D．Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E．Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F．Whenbuyingfish，youshouldfirstsmellit.G．Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，介紹了買魚和烹飪魚的小竅門。1．【答案】G細(xì)節(jié)句。上句提到吃魚對(duì)人的健康有益，本句是對(duì)上句的解釋說明，G項(xiàng)符合語境，意為“人們認(rèn)為魚的脂肪有助于預(yù)防心臟病?！?．【答案】D細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出；購買、儲(chǔ)存和烹飪魚并不是難事。本句承接上句，D項(xiàng)符合語境，意為“它只需要一點(diǎn)兒知識(shí)”。3．【答案】F主旨句。下文指出了新鮮的魚和不新鮮的魚都有什么氣味，由此可判斷F項(xiàng)為主題句，意為“買魚時(shí)應(yīng)該先聞聞味道”。4．【答案】A細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出有腥味或者味兒很大的不新鮮，本句承接上句，指出不要購買這樣的魚，故A項(xiàng)正確。5．【答案】B過渡句。上文指出做魚的方法有很多種，根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的steam可知此處講述了清蒸的方法，故B項(xiàng)正確，意為“最簡單的方法就是清蒸”。III.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（人），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改