2021-2022學年湖南省株洲市高二下學期第一次模擬學考英語試卷考前須知：本試題卷分閱讀技能、語言知識運用、寫作技能三個局部。共6頁。第一局部閱讀技能（共兩節(jié)；總分值45分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共12小題；每題3分，總分值36分）閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最正確選項。AOurschoollibraryofferslearningservices,booksandotherthingsthathelpallmembersoftheschooltobecomegoodthinkersandcleverusersofinformation.Itislinked（連接）tothelargerlibraryinthecityandtheWorldWideWeb.AlltheseservicesaregivenaccordingtotherequirementsofthePublicLibraryManifesto（聲明）.Schoollibraryservicesmustbegiventoallmembersoftheschool.Studentsofanyage,classandgradecanenjoythem.Differentservicesmustbegiventothosewhoareunabletousethemainlibraryservices.Usersofthelibrarymustfollowtherulesmadebythelibraryworkerstokeepitcleanandtidy.Themainrulesareasfollows:Openingandclosingtimes:Monday-Friday:9a.m.--9p.m.duringtermtimeSaturday:9a.m.-1p.m.throughouttheyear.Admission（允許進入）andborrowing:Onlypeopleholdingalibrarycardshallbeallowedtoenter.Memberscanborrow5booksatatime.Behaviorinthelibrary:Silenceshallbekeptasmuchaspossibleinthelibrary.Nootherbookscanbetakenintothelibrary.Libraryworkerscanhelpmembersusethebooksandotherthingsinthelibrary.Whoshouldbegiventotheschoollibraryservices?B.Allmembersoftheclass.D.Allmembersofthelibrary.B.Allmembersoftheclass.D.Allmembersofthelibrary.B.ReadthePublicLibraryManifestoD.Worktogetherwiththeteachers.B.10a.m.to12:30p.m.onSaturday.D.9a.m.to10p.m.onTuesday.C.Allmembersofthegrade.Whatcanstudentsdointheschoollibrary?A.GetinformationfromtheInternet.C.Cleanthelibrarywithworkers.Whencanstudentsreadinthelibrary?A.8a.m.to5p.m.onMonday.C.9a.m.to9p.m.onSunday.Howmanybookscanbeborrowedatatime?A.2B.3.C.4.D.5BEveryoneisafraidofsomething.Maybeyou'reafraidofspiders,orheights,ordogs,orthedark.Andtraditionally,we'vethoughtthafsbecauseyoulearnedtobeafraid.Probablybecauseyouhadabadrun-inwithsomethingatsomepoint.Butthere*sadifferentideaouttherethatsbeengettingmoreattentionlately:theideathatfearsarenotjustlearned,buttheyalsocanbeinherited.Itsoundslikeawildidea.Howdoyouinheritsomethingasabstractasfear?Butoverthelastfiftyyears,researchershavebeenstudyingjusthowmuchfearshavetodowithinheritanceandgenetics.Andtheirresultshavebeenkindofsuiprising.Inthiswork,they'veputalotofeffortintounderstandingoneextremekindoffear,calledaphobia.Togetasenseofhowmuchgenesinfluencefear,scientistshavebegunlookingatidenticaltwins.SinceidenticaltwinshavealmostthesameDNA,researcherscanfigureouthowheritableafearisbycomparinghowoftenspecificphobiasappearinidenticaltwinsasopposedtootherbrothersorsisters.Becauseeventhoughtwinsoftenhavelotsofsimilarexperiences,theyprobablydon'tsharethetypesofexperiencesthatcausephobias—likegettingbittenbyadogorfallingoutofatree.One1998studyof659pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsinAustralialookedathowmanyhadafearofblood.Thestudyfoundthatgeneticsaccountedfor71percentofthevariationamongthosepeople,meaninggeneticfactorsplayaprettybigroleindeterminingwhetherapersonhassomespecificfear.A2016studyalsofoundthatfearofdentalworkwasover30percentheritable.So,ifyouareafraidofgoingtothedentist,itreallymightnotbeyourdentistsfault.Overall,first-degreerelativesofpeoplewithphobiasaremorelikelytohavesimilarphobiasthanpeoplewithnofamilyhistory.So,it*sprettyclearthatphobiasareheritable!WhatdoestheauthormeanbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinPara.2?Itsunbelievablethatpeoplecaninheritsomethingsoabstractlikefear.Itssurprisingthatpeopleknowsolittleaboutinheritanceandgenetics.It'snaturalthatpeoplebecomeafraidofthingsthattheyhadbadexperiencewith.D?It'sinterestingthatpeoplearcafraidofsomanythingssuchasspidersandthedark.Whydidthescientistschooseidenticaltwinsastheirtestsubjects?A.Theylooksverymuchalike.B.Theyhavesharedexperiences.C.Theyhavesimilarpersonalities.D.TheysharebasicallythesameDNA.WhatdidtheauthortrytoprovebymentioningthestudiesinParas.4and5?Dentistsarescarytomanykids.Mostpeoplehavesomekindoffear.C.Fearofbloodisthemostcommonphobia.D.Fearofthingscanbearesultofgeneticinheritance.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Atravelbrochure.B.Asciencetalkshow.C.Acommercialadvertisement.D.Ahistorybook.CThemeasurablethreattotheenvironmenthasbeenworsenedbythespreadofCOVID-19thatincreasestheneedforplasticprotectiveequipment.Mostplasticismadefromfossilfuels.Millionsoftonsofgreenhousegasarereleasedfromthedevelopmentoftheseresourcesandplasticproductionandburning.Theendlifeofplasticisjustworrisome.Lessthan10%oftheplasticproducedhasbeenrecycled.Evenmoreofithasbeenburned.Butthevastmajorityofplastichasbeenburiedinland,anditisincreasinglypollutingtheenvironment.Wehearmostlyaboutoceanplasticandtheharmdonetoseacreaturesthatmistakeplasticbagsandbitsforfood.Butmicroplasticisevenmoreworrisome.Plasticdoesn'tbreakdownbiologicallybutinsteadbreaksdownintotinyparticles(averysmallpieceofsomething),whichhavebeenfoundineverycomeroftheplanet,onlandandintheair,indrinkingwaterandfoodsources.Yetthepublichasnotgiventhisglobalenvironmentaldisastertheattentionitrequires.Instead,theyhaveviewedsingle-useplastic-whichmakesupabout40%ofplasticusedeachyear-asalitterissuethatcanbesolvedthroughbetterrecyclingandwastemanagement.Thatattitudemustchangebecausetherecentglobalbreakdownofthemarketforrecyclinghasmadeitclearthatithasneverbeen,noreverwillbe,abletokeepupwithplastictrashuse.Californiahasbeentheforerunnerofplasticwastereduction-itwasthefirststatetobansingle-useplasticbagsandmaybethefirststatetotransformthewaygoodsarepackaged.Thestatealsocameclosetopassinganactwhichwouldhaverequiredthatproductssoldinplasticpackaginginthestatehaveaprovenrecyclingrateof75%by2032.California,thoughinfluential,can'tsolvethiscrisisalone.TheUShaslongbeenproducingagreatamountofplastictrashanditshouldengageinreducingtheuseofplasticaswell.Whydoestheauthormentionthereleaseofgreenhousegasinparagraph1?Toshowtheharmofplastic.Towarnoftheclimatechange.Tocallforthedevelopmentoffossilfuels.Tohighlighttheimportanceofplasticequipment.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepublicopiniononsingle-useplastic?A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Curious.D.Opposed.What*sCalifornia'sroleinreducingplasticwaste?A.Apioneer.B.Afailure.C.Anobjector.D.Apredictor.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MicroplasticProductsAreHarmfulWasteRecyclingIsanUrgentMatterPlasticWastePollutionIsaWake-upCallGlobalEnvironmentalDisastersAreIncreasing第二節(jié)小標題填空（共3小題；每題3分，總分值9分）下面文章中有3處（第13?15小題）需要添加小標題。請從以下選項（A、B、C和D）中選出符合各段意思的小標題。選項中有一項為多余選項。TreatPeoplewithRespectRespectininterpersonalrelationship（人際關系）meanshonoringandvaluingotherpeopleevenifyoudonotagreewiththeirviewsoractions.Beingarespectfulpersonisavaluablequalitythatwillhelpyoubothpersonallyandprofessionally.Youmightevenfindthatactingrespectfullytowardsothersencouragesthemtotreatyouwithmorerespect.Ifyouwantpeopletotreatyouwithkindness,treatotherpeoplewithkindness.Ifyouwantpeopletotalktoyoucalmly,talktootherscalmly.Whenyounoticesomethingyoudislikeinsomeoneelse,ensurethatyoudon'ttreatpeopleinthatsameway.Instead,extendthekindofwordsandbehaviorsyou'dlikepeopletogiveyou.Putyourselfintootherpeople'sshoes.Itcanbehardtoberespectfulofotherpeople'sviewsifyoucannotrelatetothem.Forexample,ifyou'reinconflictwithsomeone,imaginewhatitwouldbeliketohavetheirexperiencesandfeelings.Thiscanhelpyouunderstandtheirpointofviewbetter.Whileyouropinionsarereasonable,peoplemaynotwantyouropiniononeverything.Getintoahabitofonlygivingyouropinionwhenitisaskedfor.Thismeansallowingpeopletomaketheirownchoices,evenifyoudisagreewiththem,Valueotherpeople'sopinions.Listentopeople'sideas,opinions,andadvicewithanopenmind.Evenifyoudon'tnecessarilyagreewiththem,considertheirwordswithoutimmediatelydisagreeingwiththem.Ifyouconstantlyjudgeorcriticizeaperson,theymaynotbeopentoyourwords,andinsteadfeelasifyouarebullyingthem.Ifyouhavesomethingtosay,dosoinawaythatencouragesthem.Developgoodmanners.Expressyourcommentspositively.Treatothershowyouwanttobetreated.Shareyouropinionswhenyouareasked.第二局部語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，總分值25分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每題1.5分，總分值15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項。

Attheageof15,Itookapart-timejobforthefirsttimeinmylife.Iworkedatarestaurantnearmyhomeforawhole16.Ithoughtworkingintherestaurantwouldbethe17jobintheworld.However,Imadesomemistakesinthefirstfewdaysofwork.IbrokeafewglassesandcutmyhandswhileIwaswashingdishes.Anditwashardformeto18afulltray(盤子)withjustonehand.Iwas19.“Itwillneverrainroses/5myboss20me."Ifwewanttohaveroses,wemustplantthem."His21wereabighelptome.TheyshowedmethatthemoreIdo,thebetterfllbecome.Sincethatday,Ihavebecomemorepatientandwillingtotrynewthings.Workinginarestauranttaughtmetocommunicatewithmycustomersandto22peopleinawell-manneredway.Themonthsooncametoanend.ButIdidnotwantto23working.ItwasnotbecauseIgotahighsalary,butIlearnedalotfromthisworkexperience.Throughit,Igottounderstandthatyouneedmorethanjustexperiencetomastera24.Aboveall,youneedapositiveattitude.Mytimeattherestaurantwill25withmeforeverandbenefitmeinthefuture.A.dayA.easiestA.washA.interestedA.pleasedA.wordsA.describeA.startA.languageA.workB.weekB.hardestB.holdB.excitedB.surprisedBA.dayA.easiestA.washA.interestedA.pleasedA.wordsA.describeA.startA.languageA.workB.weekB.hardestB.holdB.excitedB.surprisedB?attitudeB.protectB.continueB.jobremainC.monthD.yearC.strangestD.bestC.cleanD.makeC.upsetD.amazedC.blamedD.comfortedC.encouragementD.flowersC.serveD.offerC.avoidfearC.followD?stopD.gameD.competeGreenHills,ClearWateryBlueSkyisaprojectthatwassetupbythegovernmentthreeyearsago.Sinceitwas26(start),manypeoplehavetakenpart.Theythinkitis27(they)dutytomaketheEarth28(beauty)andpeaceful.At29sametime,theyinsistthatthegovernmentshouldplayanimportantroleandtrytheirbest30(protect)theenvironment.Some31(owner)offactoriesaredamagingtheenvironmentby32(pollute)riverswithchemicalwaste.Soitisbelievedthatthegovernmentshouldpasslawstopunishpeople33damagetheenvironment.Besides,thegovernmentshouldbuildconservationcenterssothatplants34animalsindangercanbeprotected.Allinall,peopleandthegovernmentshouldworksidebysidetotakecare35theEarth.第三局部寫作技能(共兩節(jié)，總分值30分)第一節(jié)雙向翻譯(共5小題;每題2分，總分值10分)請根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，將文中劃線局部譯成漢語或者英語?！癟hankyou“iswidelyusedinmodemsociety.Itisaverygoodmanner36.你應該說“謝謝“wheneverothershelpyouorsaysomething