小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯1.a,an的選擇:元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.am,is,are的選擇:單數(shù)用is,復(fù)數(shù)用are.I用am,you用are.have,has的選擇:表示某人有某物。單數(shù)用has,復(fù)數(shù)用have.I,you用have.thereis,thereare的選擇:表示某地有某物，某人。單數(shù)用thereis,復(fù)數(shù)用thereare.some,any的選擇:肯定句用some,疑問句和否定句用any.疑問詞的選擇:what（什么）who（誰）where（哪里）whose（誰的）why（為什么）when（什么時(shí)候）which（哪一個(gè)）howold（多大）howmany（多少）howmuch（多少錢）二：形容詞比較級(jí)詳解當(dāng)我們需要對事物作出比較時(shí)，需要用到比較級(jí)。比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：什么+動(dòng)詞be（am,is,are）+形容詞比較級(jí)+than（比）+什么，如：I'mtallerandheavierthanyou.（我比你更高和更重。）Anelephantisbiggerthanatiger.（一只大象比一只老虎更大。）形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的，它的變化規(guī)則是：一般的直接在詞尾加er，如tall-taller,strong-stronger,以e結(jié)尾的，直接加r，如fine-finer,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i再加er，如funny-funnier雙寫最后的字母再加er，如big-bigger,thin-thinner,hot-hotter☆注意☆比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對應(yīng)的可比較的東西。典型錯(cuò)誤：Myhairislongerthanyou.（我的頭發(fā)比你更長。）比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你（整個(gè)人），那么比較的對象就沒有可比性。應(yīng)該改為：Myhairislongerthanyours.或Myhairislongerthanyourhair.比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子heavytalllongbigHowistheYellowRiver?HowisMrGreen?He's175cm.(3)Howareyourfeet?Iwearsize18.(4)Howisthefish?It's2kg.二、根據(jù)句意寫出所缺的單詞(1)I'm12yearsold.You're14.I'mthanyou.(2)Arabbit'stailisthanamonkey'stail.Anelephantisthanapig.Alakeisthanasea.Abasketballisthanafootball.三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.(1)?我比我的弟弟大三歲.I'mthanmybrother.?這棵樹要比那棵樹高.Thistreethanthatone.?你比他矮四厘米.Youarethanhe.?誰比你重?thanyou？四、根據(jù)答句寫出問句(1)I'm160cm.(2)I'm12yearsold.(4)Amy'shairis30cmlong.三：動(dòng)詞過去式詳解動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed如worked,learned,cleaned,visited以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d如lived,danced,used以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如study-studiedcarry一carriedworry一worried(play、stay)雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如stoppedB、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing一sang,eat一ate,see一saw,have一had,do一did,go一went,take一took,buy一bought,get一got,read一read,fly一flew,am/is一was,are一were,say一said,leave一left,swim一swam,tell一told,draw一drew,come一came,lose一lost,find一found,drink一drank,hurt一hurt,feel一felt四：動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing，如having,writing雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的（此類動(dòng)詞極少）有：running,swimming,sitting,getting五：人稱和數(shù)人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格第一人稱單數(shù)I（我）memy（我的）復(fù)數(shù)we（我們）usour（我們的）第二人稱單數(shù)you（你）youyour（你的）復(fù)數(shù)you（你們）youyour（你們的）第三人稱單數(shù)he（他）himhis（他的）she（她）herher（她的）it（它）itits（它的）復(fù)數(shù)they（他們/她們/它們）themtheir（他們的/她們的/它們的）六：句型專項(xiàng)歸類肯定句：是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子，如：I'mastudent.Sheisadoctor.Heworksinahospital.Therearefourfansinourclassroom.Hewilleatlunchat12:00.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I'mnotastudent.Sheisnot（isn't）adoctor.Hedoesnot（doesn't）workinahospital.Therearenot（aren't）fourfansinourclassroom.Hewillnot（won't）eatlunchat12:00.Ididnot（didn't）watchTVyesterdayevening.☆注意☆小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞“not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫成“isn't，aren't”，但amnot—般都分開寫。沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一^助動(dòng)詞（do,does,did）,然后在它后面加上，not”，你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don't,doesn't,didn't）。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而Qd”只用于一般過去時(shí)，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用'did”。3、一般疑問句：是指詢問事實(shí)的句子，此類句子必須用，yes”，^“no”來回答。如：Areyouastudent?Yes,Iam/No,I'mnot.Issheadoctor?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn't.Doesheworkinahospital?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.Aretherefourfansinourclassroom?Yes,thereare./No,therearen't.Areyougoingtobuyacomicbooktonight?Yes,Iam./No,No,Iamnot.（Yes,weare./No,wearen't.）Willheeatlunchat12:00?Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot(won't).Aretheyswimming?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.DidyouwatchTVyesterdayevening?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.☆注意☆小結(jié)：一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上，把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一^助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did）再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而'did”只用于一般過去時(shí)，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用，did”。一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致，即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞（助動(dòng)詞）和簡略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。4、特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞（what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等）開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么，不能用'yes、no”來回答。如：Whatisthis?It'sacomputer.Whatdoeshedo?He'sadoctor.Whereareyougoing?I'mgoingtoBeijing.Whoplayedfootballwithyouyesterdayafternoon?Mike.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Summer.Whendoyouusuallygetup?Iusuallygetupat6:30.Whoseskirtisthis?It'sAmy's.Whydoyoulikespringbest?BecauseIcanplanttrees.Howareyou?I'mfine./I'mhappy.HowdidyougotoXinjiang?IwenttoXinjiangbytrain.☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問，如：howmany（多少（數(shù)量））,howmuch（多少（錢））,howtall（多高）,howlong（多長）,howbig（多大）,howheavy（多重）例句：Howmanypencilsdoyouhave?Ihavethreepencils.Howmanygirlscanyousee?Icanseefourgirls.Howmanydesksarethereinyourclassroom?Thereare51.☆小結(jié)：howmany用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，主要有以上三種句式搭配，Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+doyouhave?你有多少……？Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+canyousee?你能看見多少……？Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere...?有多少?七：完全、縮略形式:I'm=Iamhe's=heisshe's=sheisthey're=theyareyou're=youarethere's=thereisthey're=theyarecan't=cannotdon't=donotdoesn't=doesnotisn't=isnotaren't=arenotlet's=letuswon't=willnotI'll=Iwillwasn't=wasnot總結(jié)：通常情況下,'m即am,'s即is(但let's=letus),'re即are,n't即not(但can't=cannot)八：與字母相關(guān)的題型(注：五個(gè)元音字母是AaEeIiOoUu)寫出下列字母的左鄰右舍。1.()Hh()2.()Bb()3.()Ll()4.()Rr()5.()Qq()6.()Ww()用小寫字母抄寫下列單詞。()()()()()()()()()()三.將全是元音字母的那一組圈起來1.ace2.ieo3.vuk4.euI5.JBI6.ETV7.EIO8.AUE寫出與所給單詞發(fā)音相同的字母(大小寫)。()()()()()()Pep小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)單詞歸類表學(xué)習(xí)用品(schoolthings)pen鋼筆pencil鉛筆pencil-case鉛筆盒ruler尺子bag包eraser橡皮comicbook漫畫書schoolbag書包book書crayon蠟筆Chinesebook語文書notebook筆記本dictionary詞典magazine雜志story-book故事書newspaper報(bào)紙sharpener卷筆postcard明信片Englishbook英語書mathbook數(shù)學(xué)書人體(body)foot腳head頭face臉hair頭發(fā)nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴顏色(colours)red紅blue藍(lán)yellow黃green綠white白pink粉紅purple紫orange橙brown棕black黑動(dòng)物（animals）cat貓dog狗pig豬duck鴨rabbit兔horse馬elephant大象fish魚bird鳥eagle鷹snake蛇mouse老鼠ant螞蟻beaver海貍bear熊donkey驢goose鵝deer鹿monkey猴goat山羊squirrel松鼠panda熊貓lion獅子tiger老虎fox狐貍zebra斑馬hen母雞giraffe長頸鹿turkey火雞lamb小羊sheep綿羊cow奶牛squid魷魚lobster龍蝦shark鯊魚seal海豹spermwhale抹香鯨killerwhale虎鯨kangaroo袋鼠人物（people）friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母親father父親sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔；舅舅man男人woman女人Mr.先生Miss小姐lady女士；小姐mom媽媽dad爸爸parents父母son兒子daughter女兒kid小孩baby嬰兒grandparents祖父母grandma/grandmother（外）祖母robot機(jī)器人grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父aunt姑姑cousin堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹classmate同學(xué)queen女王visitor參觀者neighbour鄰居tourist旅行者principal校長universitystudent大學(xué)生penpal筆友people人物職業(yè)（jobs）teacher教師student學(xué)生doctor醫(yī)生nurse護(hù)士driver司機(jī)farmer農(nóng)民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演員actress女演員artist畫家engineer工程師accountant會(huì)計(jì)cleaner清潔工salesperson銷售員baseballplayer棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員assistant售貨員police警察policeman（男）警察TVreporter電視臺(tái)記者食品、飲料(food&drink)

rice米飯bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水egg蛋fish魚tofu豆腐cake蛋糕cookie曲奇biscuit餅干jam果醬noodles面條tea茶meat肉chicken雞肉pork豬肉salad沙拉soup湯Coke可樂mutton羊肉ice冰ice-cream冰淇淋juice果汁coffee咖啡breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal一餐hotdog熱狗hamburger漢堡包Frenchfries炸薯?xiàng)lvegetable蔬菜水果、蔬菜(fruit&vegetables)apple蘋果banana香蕉pear梨watermelon水果、蔬菜(fruit&vegetables)apple蘋果banana香蕉pear梨watermelon西瓜grape葡萄eggplant茄子greenbeans青豆tomato西紅柿potato土豆peach桃strawberry草莓cucumber黃瓜onion洋蔥carrot胡蘿卜cabbage卷心菜orange橙子衣服（clothes）jacket夾克衫shirt襯衫jeans牛仔褲pants長褲coat上衣jacket夾克衫shirt襯衫jeans牛仔褲pants長褲coat上衣raincoat雨衣sandals涼鞋boots靴子socks襪子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣shorts短褲sneakers網(wǎng)球鞋slippers拖鞋hat（有沿的）帽子cap便帽sunglasses太陽鏡tie領(lǐng)帶scarf圍巾gloves手套trousers褲子cloth布交通工具(vehicles)bike自行車bus公共汽車train火車boat小船ship輪船yacht快艇car小汽車taxi出租車jeep吉普車van小貨車；面包車plane/airplane飛機(jī)subway/underground地鐵motorcycle摩托車十一、雜物（otherthings）window窗戶door門desk課桌chair椅子computer計(jì)算機(jī)board寫字板fan風(fēng)扇light燈teacher'scfieS臺(tái)picture圖畫；照片wall墻壁floor地板curtain窗簾trashbin垃圾箱closet壁櫥mirror鏡子endtable床頭柜present禮物walkman隨身聽lamp臺(tái)燈sofa沙發(fā)football/soccer足球phone電話shelf書架fridge冰箱bed床table桌子TV電視air-conditioner空調(diào)key鑰匙lock鎖photo照片chart圖表plate盤子knife刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot鍋gift禮物toy玩具doll洋娃娃bal1球balloon氣球kite風(fēng)箏jigsawpuzzle拼圖游戲box盒子umbrella傘zipper拉鏈violin小提琴yo-yo溜溜球nest鳥窩hole洞tube管子toothbrush牙刷menu菜單e-card電子卡片email電子郵件trafficlight交通燈money錢medicine藥十二、地點(diǎn)(locations)home家room房間bedroom臥室bathroom衛(wèi)生間livingroom起居室kitchen廚房classroom教室school學(xué)校park公園library圖書館postoffice郵局policeoffice警察局hospital醫(yī)院cinema電影院bookstore書店farm農(nóng)場zoo動(dòng)物園garden花園study書房playground操場canteen食堂teacher'sof教師辦公室library圖書館gym體育館washroom衛(wèi)生間artroom繪畫教室computerroom計(jì)算機(jī)教室musicroom音樂教室TVroom電視機(jī)房flat公寓company公司factory工廠fruitstand水果攤petshop寵物商店naturepark自然公園themepark主題公園sciencemuseum科學(xué)博物館theGreatWall長城supermarket超市bank銀行country國家village鄉(xiāng)村city城市hometown家鄉(xiāng)busstop公交車站十三、課程(classes)sports體育運(yùn)動(dòng)science科學(xué)MoralEducation思想品德課SocialStudies社會(huì)課Chinese語文math數(shù)學(xué)PE體育課English英語課十四、國家、城市(countries&cities)China/PRC中國America/USA美國UK聯(lián)合王國England英國Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亞NewYork紐約London倫敦Sydney悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo開羅五、氣象（weather）cold寒冷的warm溫暖的cool涼爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot炎熱的rainy下雨的windy有風(fēng)的cloudy多云的weatherreport天氣預(yù)報(bào)十六、景物(nature)river河流lake湖泊stream河；溪forest森林path小道road公路house房子bridge橋building建筑物rain雨cloud云sun太陽mountain山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind風(fēng)air空氣moon月亮十七、植物(plants)flower花grass草tree樹seed種子sprout苗plant植物rose玫瑰leaf葉子十八、星期(week)Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天weekend周末十九、月份(months)Jan.(January)—月Feb.(February)二月Mar.(March)三月April四月May五月June六月July七月Aug.(August)八月Sept.(September)九月Oct.(October)十月Nov.(November)月Dec.(December)十二月二十、季節(jié)(seasons)spring春summer夏fall/autumn秋winter冬二十—、方位(directions)south南north北east東west西left左邊right右邊二十二、患病(illness)haveafever發(fā)燒hurt疼痛haveacold感冒haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache頭疼haveasorethroat喉嚨疼二十三、數(shù)詞(numbers)one—two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十—twelve十二thirteen十三

fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十forty-two四十二hundred百one/ahundredandthirty-six—百三十六first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五e(cuò)ighth第八ninth第九twelfth第十二twentieth第二十thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十sixtieth第六十seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十fifty-sixth第五十六二十四、形容詞(adj.)short短的；矮的thin瘦的active積極活躍的strict嚴(yán)格的smart聰明的salty咸的sour酸的big大的small小的short短的；矮的thin瘦的active積極活躍的strict嚴(yán)格的smart聰明的salty咸的sour酸的quiet安靜的nice好看的kind和藹親切的funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的fresh新鮮的favourite最喜愛的clean干凈的tired疲勞的excited興奮的angry生氣的happy高興的bored無聊的sad憂愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更強(qiáng)壯的older年齡更大的younger更年輕的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更長的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine好的great很好的heavy重的new新的fat胖的happy快樂的right對的hungry饑餓的cute逗人喜愛的little小的lovely可愛的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鮮艷的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的expensive昂貴的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpful有幫助的high高的easy簡單的proud驕傲的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的二十五、介詞(prep.)in在里on在上；在時(shí)候under在下面near在……的旁邊behind在……后邊nextto與……相鄰over在……上面Infrontof在……前面二十六、代詞(pron.)I我we我們you你；你們he他she她it它they他(她，它)們my我的our我們的your你的；你們的his他的her她的二十七、動(dòng)詞(v.)play(.ed)玩；踢swim(swam)游泳skate滑冰fly(flew)飛jump跳walk走run(ran)跑climb爬fight(fought)打架swing(swung)蕩eat(ate)吃sleep(slept)睡覺like像，喜歡have(had)有；吃turn轉(zhuǎn)彎buy(bought)買take(took)買；帶live居住teach(taught)教go(went)去study(studied)學(xué)習(xí)learn學(xué)習(xí)(learned)sing(sang)唱歌dance跳舞row劃do(did)做dohomework做作業(yè)dohousework做家務(wù)watchTV看電視r(shí)ead(read)books讀書cookthemeals做飯watertheflowers澆花sweep(swept)thefloor掃地cleanthebedroom打掃臥室make(made)thebed鋪床set(set)thetable擺飯桌washtheclothes洗衣服dothedishes洗碗碟useacomputer使用計(jì)算機(jī)domorningexercises晨練；做廣播操eatbreakfast吃早飯eatdinner吃晚飯gotoschool上學(xué)haveEnglishclass上英語課playsports進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)get(got)up起床climbmountains爬山goshopping買東西playthepiano彈鋼琴visitgrandparents看望(外)祖父母gohiking去遠(yuǎn)足flykites放風(fēng)箏makeasnowman堆雪人planttrees種樹draw(drew)pictures畫畫cookdinner做飯readabook看書