同義替換：閱讀理解正確答案的最明顯特征同義替換：閱讀理解正確答案的最明顯特征同義替換：閱讀理解正確答案的最明顯特征同義替換：閱讀理解正確答案的最明顯特征編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:研習專頁Ⅰ——高考英語閱讀理解正確答案的最明顯特征：同義轉化同義轉化是高考英語閱讀理解正確答案的最強特征，這種同義轉化關聯(lián)在傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型中是答對每一道題目的關鍵，所以考生應花相當?shù)木Ψe累同義詞匯、表達，對于高考閱讀獲取高分具有舉足輕重的意義。同義轉化實則是英語語篇的一種語言特征和規(guī)律即語言復現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。它廣泛地體現(xiàn)在英語語篇中的各個角落如語篇中的同義結構（詳見本書P22頁的“同義、反義結構示例”部分）、題干和原文的同義轉化關系、正確答案和原文的同義轉化關系。甚至書面表達部分也要用到“同義轉化”，書面表達有一條重要的評分細則就是語言的多樣化和豐富性，實際上就是“同義轉化”的體現(xiàn)。以下我們專門輯錄了2014年高考英語閱讀理解真題原文與題干+正確選項構成同義轉化關系的實例，供大家慢慢體會。（注：囿于圖書篇幅限制，僅列舉很小一部分以饗讀者。）1.原文：Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.（2014新課標全國卷ⅠD篇）題干+正確選項：Manyscholarsaremakingeffortstorescuedisappearinglanguages.（2014新課標全國卷Ⅰ32）對應關系：Manyscholars=scholars；makingeffortsto=Inaneffortto；rescue=prevent、documenting；disappearinglanguages=languageloss、dyinglanguages；aremaking（現(xiàn)在進行時）時態(tài)對應have...beendocumenting（現(xiàn)在完成進行時）2.原文：Thebehaviourofabuilding’susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown—thoughextremelyimportant—isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions:thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.（2014湖南卷C篇）題干+正確選項：Astoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceofthebehaviourofbuildingusers.（2014湖南卷66）對應關系：energyuse=energyuse；thenewresearchfromUKERC=newresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC)、thisreport；stresses=accordingto、shows；theimportance=asimportantas；thebehaviourofbuildingusers=Thebehaviourofabuilding’susers、thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuilding3.原文：Feedback(反饋)facilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors，couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse.（2014湖南卷C篇）題干+正確選項：Theinformationgapinenergyusecanbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilities.（2014湖南卷69）對應關系：Theinformationgap=thisinformationgap；energyuse=energyuse；canbebridgedby（被動）=couldhelpbridge（主動）；feedbackfacilities=Feedbackfacilities4.原文：Theideaofbeingabletowalkonwaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid—wesimplyweightoomuch,andallourmasspushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,resultinginalotofpressurethatmakesussink.（2014重慶卷C篇）題干+正確選項：Walkingonwaterhasn'tbecomearealitymainlybecausehumanshavebiologicallimitations.（2014重慶卷44）對應關系：Walkingonwater=walkonwater；hasn'tbecomeareality=preventuseveraccomplishingsuchathing；humans=humans；biologicallimitations=biologicalfacts5.原文：It'sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.（2014重慶卷E篇）題干+正確選項：Accordingtothepassage,personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedtodetermineone'sbehavior.（2014重慶卷52）對應關系：personalitiesandattitudes=theirpersonalitiesandattitudes；arecommonlybelievedto=It'sgenerallybelievedthat；determineone'sbehavior（determine暗示因果關系）=peopleactthewaytheydobecauseof（becauseof暗示因果關系）6.原文：Allthese,however,remainstrueonlyinsofaraspeoplewanttoaccepttechnologyandmoveforwardbyfindingnewandmoreefficientwaysofdoingthings.（2014江西卷D篇）題干+正確選項：AccordingtoParagraph1,progresscanbenefitpeoplewhentheyarewillingtoaccepttechnologyandadvancesteadily.（2014江西卷70）對應關系：progress=Allthese；benefitpeople=remainstrue...insofaraspeople；when=only；theyarewillingto=peoplewantto；accepttechnology=accepttechnology；advancesteadily=moveforward7.原文：AshasbeenalltooapparentinrecentdaysatBalcombe,fewissuescausegreaterconcernthanenergypolicy.（2014福建卷E篇）題干+正確選項：Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatenergypolicycatchesmuchattentionofthepublic.（2014福建卷72）對應關系：energypolicy=energypolicy；catchesmuchattentionofthepublic=fewissuescausegreaterconcern（greater暗示比較級）8.原文：Supportersinsistthatwindmustbepartofamixofrenewables,nuclearandcarbon,andthatthecountryiscommittedtomeetingEU(EuropeanUnion)targetsfornon-carbonenergygeneration.（2014福建卷E篇）題干+正確選項：SupportersthinkthattheexpansionofwindpoweragreeswithEUtargetsfornon-carbonenergygeneration.（2014福建卷73）對應關系：Supportersthinkthat=Supportersinsistthat；theexpansionofwindpower=wind；agreeswith=meeting；EUtargets=EU(EuropeanUnion)targets；fornon-carbonenergygeneration=fornon-carbonenergygeneration9.原文：Thefindingsmayimpacthowweunderstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthroughsociallearning.（2014湖北卷C篇）題干+正確選項：Dr.Carter’sfindingsindicatethatourculturemightbeformedthroughlearningfromeachother.（2014湖北卷62篇）對應關系：Dr.Carter’sfindings=Thefindings；ourculture=cultureinsocieties；mightbe（暗示可能性語氣）=may（暗示可能性語氣）；beformed=theformationof；learningfromeachother=sociallearning10.原文：Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.（2014安徽卷D篇）題干+正確選項：By“movethingsforward”inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans“choosenewarchitecturalstyles”.（2014安徽卷70）對應關系：choosenewarchitecturalstyles=argueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstyles、choosesomethingfreshanddifferent11.原文：Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.（2014廣東卷D篇）題干+正確選項：Ebbesmeyerismostfamousforphoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea.（2014廣東卷44）對應關系：Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor=Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownas；phoningabout=callwithquestionsabout；anydoubtfulobjects=anyunusualobjects；onthesea=foundfloatingintheocean12.原文：ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.Themanwalkingcanlearnthetrees,flowers,insects,birdsandanimals,thesignificanceofseasons,theveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworld.（2014天津卷D篇）題干+正確選項：TheauthormentionsHenryThoreautoprovethatwalkinginnaturehelpsenrichone’smind.（2014天津卷53）對應關系：HenryThoreau=HenryThoreau；walkinginnature=goingonfoot、walking；helpsenrichone’smind=showedmankindtherichness、learn...13.原文：Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(輸入).Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.（2014北京卷C篇）題干+正確選項：Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecauseitisfocusedtoomuchontheresult.（2014北京卷63）對應關系：settingweightlossasagoal=Toreachourgoaloflosingweight；amistake=abadwaytoconstructgoals；isfocusedtoomuchontheresult（toomuch暗示比較級）=wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput（butnotto暗示比較級）14.原文：Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition"dependingonwhoneedsit".（2014遼寧卷C篇）題干+正確選項：Theunderlinedsentence"theoppositeistrue"inParagraph2probablymeansthattreesdependoneachother.（2014遼寧卷29）對應關系：theoppositeistrue=theoppositeistrue；treesdependoneachother=treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport=passingaroundnecessarynutrition"dependingonwhoneedsit"15.原文：Butyourprimaryconcernistoletthemknowtheyarevalued.（2014四川卷A篇）題干+正確選項：Thevolunteers’primaryresponsibilityistohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestorealizetheirownimportance.（2014四川卷33）對應關系：Thevolunteers’primaryresponsibility=yourprimaryconcern；isto=isto；peoplewithlearningdisabilities=them；realizetheirownimportance=knowtheyarevalued16.原文：Economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost,whichsimplyreferstowhethersomeone’stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse.（2014江蘇卷B篇）題干+正確選項：Accordingtothepassage,theconceptof“opportunitycost”isappliedtoweighingthechoiceofopportunities.（2014江蘇卷58）對應關系：theconceptof“opportunitycost”=theconceptofopportunitycost；isappliedto=refersto；weighingthechoiceofopportunities（weighing暗示比較級）=whether...couldbebetter...（bebetter暗示比較級）17.原文：Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.Wenolongerregardduels(決斗)asanappropriateexpressionofangerresultingfromoneperson’sawarenessofinsultingbehaviouronthepartofanother.（2014江蘇卷C篇）題干+正確選項：The“duels”exampleinParagraph2provesthattheexpressionofangerissociallyandculturallyshaped.（2014江蘇卷61）對應關系：The“duels”example=duels；theexpressionofanger=physicalexpressionsofanger；sociallyandculturallyshaped=aregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated18.原文：Somenights,inordertotastemyvictorymorecompletely,Icheated.IwouldstopatthemostexcitingpartofastorybyJackLondonorBretHarte,andwithoutwarningtellthemthatthatwasasfarasIhadgoneinthebookanditwouldhavetobecontinuedthefollowingevening.Itwasnottrue,ofcourse;butIhadtomakecertainofmynew-foundpowerandposition.（2014浙江卷D篇）題干+正確選項：Sometimesthewriterstoppedatthemostexcitingpartofastorytoexperiencemorejoyofachievement.（2014浙江卷59）對應關系：Sometimes=Somenights；thewriterstopped=Iwouldstop；atthemostexcitingpartofastory=atthemostexcitingpartofastory；experiencemorejoyofachievement（more暗示比較級）=tastemyvictorymorecompletely（more暗示比較級）、makecertainofmynew-foundpowerandposition19.原文：Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.（2014上海卷A篇）題干+正確選項：Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapred